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Estimativa dos impactos das mudanças climáticas na distribuição das espécies montanas do gênero Brachycephalus (Amphibia: anura) através da modelagem de nicho ecológico

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De Cortes, João Paulo Soares

Estimativas dos impactos das mudanças climáticas na distribuição das espécies montanas do gênero Brachycephalus (Amphibia: anura) através da modelagem de nicho ecológico / João Paulo Soares de Cortes. -Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011

48 f. : il., figs., gráfs., mapas

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (bacharelado Geografia)

-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Orientador: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad

1. Animais e plantas – Distribuição geográfica. 2. Modelagem. 3. Biodiversidade. 4. Biogeografia. 5. Aquecimento global. 5. Herpetologia. I. Título.

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