2
1º DIA
CADERNO
AMARELO
PROVA DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS PROVA DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUÇÕES SEGUINTES
O tempo disponível para estas provas é dequatro horas e trinta minutos.
Reserve os 30 minutos finais para marcar seu CARTÃO-RESPOSTA. Os rascunhos e as marcações assinaladas no CADERNO DE QUESTÕES não serão considerados na avaliação.
Quando terminar as provas, entregue ao aplicador este CADERNO DE QUESTÕES e o CARTÃO-RESPOSTA.
Você somente poderá deixar o local de prova após decorridas duas horas do início da sua aplicação. Caso permaneça na sala por, no mínimo, quatro horas após o início da prova, você poderá levar este CADERNO DE QUESTÕES.
Você será excluído do exame caso:
utilize, durante a realização da prova, máquinas e/ou relógios de calcular, bem como rádios, gravadores,
headphones, telefones celulares ou fontes de consulta de qualquer espécie;
se ausente da sala de provas levando consigo o CADERNO DE QUESTÕES e/ou o CARTÃO-RESPOSTA antes do prazo estabelecido;
aja com incorreção ou descortesia para com qualquer participante do processo de aplicação das provas;
se comunique com outro participante, verbalmente, por escrito ou por qualquer outra forma;
apresente dado(s) falso(s) na sua identificação pessoal.
1 8
2
9
3
10
4
11
5
12
6
7
Este CADERNO DE QUESTÕES contém 90 questões numeradas de 1 a 90, dispostas da seguinte maneira:
a.as questões de número 1 a 45 são relativas à área de Ciências Humanas e suas Tecnologias;
b.as questões de número 46 a 90 são relativas à área de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias.
Marque no CARTÃO-RESPOSTA, no espaço apropriado, a opção correspondente à cor desta capa:1-Azul; 2-Amarela; 3-Branca ou 4-Rosa.
ATENÇÃO: se você assinalar mais de uma opção de cor ou deixar todos os campos em branco, sua prova não será corrigida.
Verifique, no CARTÃO-RESPOSTA, se os seus dados estão registrados corretamente. Caso haja alguma divergência, comunique-a imediatamente ao aplicador da sala.
Após a conferência, escreva e assine seu nome nos espaços próprios do CARTÃO-RESPOSTA com caneta esferográfica de tinta preta.
Não dobre, não amasse, nem rasure o CARTÃO-RESPOSTA. Ele não poderá ser substituído.
Para cada uma das questões objetivas, são apresentadas 5 opções, identificadas com as letras , , , e . Apenas uma responde corretamente à questão.
No CARTÃO-RESPOSTA, marque, para cada questão, a letra correspondente à opção escolhida para a resposta, preenchendo todo o espaço compreendido no círculo, com caneta esferográfica de tinta preta.
A B C D E
Você deve, portanto, assinalar apenas uma opção em cada questão. A marcação em mais de uma opção anula a questão, mesmo que uma das respostas esteja correta.
ESSA É A COR DO SEU CADERNO DE PROVAS!
MARQUE-A EM SEU CARTÃO-RESPOSTA
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b.
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Questão 1
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$GLVWULEXLomRHTXLOLEUDGDGRSRGHU 2LPSHGLPHQWRGDSDUWLFLSDomRSRSXODU 2FRQWUROHGDVGHFLV}HVSRUXPDPLQRULD $YDORUL]DomRGDVRSLQL}HVPDLVFRPSHWHQWHV $VLVWHPDWL]DomRGRVSURFHVVRVGHFLVyULRV
2 SUtQFLSH SRUWDQWR QmR GHYH VH LQFRPRGDU FRP D UHSXWDomR GH FUXHO VH VHX SURSyVLWR p PDQWHU R SRYR XQLGRHOHDO'HIDWRFRPXQVSRXFRVH[HPSORVGXURV SRGHUiVHUPDLVFOHPHQWHGRTXHRXWURVTXHSRUPXLWD SLHGDGHSHUPLWHPRVGLVW~UELRVTXHOHYHPDRDVVDVVtQLR HDRURXER
M$48,$9(/1O Príncipe6mR3DXOR0DUWLQ&ODUHW
1R VpFXOR ;9, 0DTXLDYHO HVFUHYHX O Príncipe,
UHÀH[mRVREUHD0RQDUTXLDHDIXQomRGRJRYHUQDQWH $ PDQXWHQomR GD RUGHP VRFLDO VHJXQGR HVVH DXWRU
baseava-se na
LQpUFLDGRMXOJDPHQWRGHFULPHVSROrPLFRV
ERQGDGHHPUHODomRDRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGRVPHUFHQiULRV FRPSDL[mRTXDQWRjFRQGHQDomRGHWUDQVJUHVV}HVUHOLJLRVDV QHXWUDOLGDGHGLDQWHGDFRQGHQDomRGRVVHUYRV FRQYHQLrQFLDHQWUHRSRGHUWLUkQLFRHDPRUDOGRSUtQFLSH
Questão 29
(XR3UtQFLSH5HJHQWHIDoRVDEHUDRVTXHRSUHVHQWH $OYDUi YLUHP TXH GHVHMDQGR SURPRYHU H DGLDQWDU D ULTXH]D QDFLRQDO H VHQGR XP GRV PDQDQFLDLV GHOD DV PDQXIDWXUDVHDLQG~VWULDVRXVHUYLGRDEROLUHUHYRJDU WRGD H TXDOTXHU SURLELomR TXH KDMD D HVWH UHVSHLWR QR (VWDGRGR%UDVLO
$OYDUiGHOLEHUGDGHSDUDDVLQG~VWULDVGH$EULOGH,Q%RQDYLGHV3$PDUDO5
Textos políticos da História do Brasil9RO%UDVtOLD6HQDGR)HGHUDODGDSWDGR
2SURMHWRLQGXVWULDOL]DQWHGH'-RmRFRQIRUPHH[SUHVVR QRDOYDUiQmRVHFRQFUHWL]RX4XHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHVVH SHUtRGRH[SOLFDPHVVHIDWR"
$RFXSDomRGH3RUWXJDOSHODVWURSDVIUDQFHVDVHR IHFKDPHQWRGDVPDQXIDWXUDVSRUWXJXHVDV
$GHSHQGrQFLDSRUWXJXHVDGD,QJODWHUUDHRSUHGRPtQLR LQGXVWULDOLQJOrVVREUHVXDVUHGHVGHFRPpUFLR
³3HFDGRQHIDQGR´HUDH[SUHVVmRFRUUHQWHPHQWHXWLOL]DGD SHORV LQTXLVLGRUHV SDUD D VRGRPLD 1HIDQGXV R TXH QmRSRGHVHUGLWR$$VVHPEOHLDGHFOpULJRVUHXQLGDHP 6DOYDGRUHPFRQVLGHURXDVRGRPLD³WmRSpVVLPRH KRUUHQGRFULPH´WmRFRQWUiULRjOHLGDQDWXUH]DTXH³HUD LQGLJQRGHVHUQRPHDGR´HSRULVVRPHVPRQHIDQGR
129$,6)0(//2(628=$/História da Vida Privada no Brasil9 6mR3DXOR&RPSDQKLDGDV/HWUDVDGDSWDGR
2 Q~PHUR GH KRPRVVH[XDLV DVVDVVLQDGRV QR %UDVLO EDWHX R UHFRUGH KLVWyULFR HP 'H DFRUGR FRP R 5HODWyULR$QXDOGH$VVDVVLQDWRGH+RPRVVH[XDLV/*%7 ±/pVELFDV*D\V%LVVH[XDLVH7UDYHVWLVQHVVHDQR IRUDPUHJLVWUDGRVPRUWRVSRUPRWLYDomRKRPRIyELFD QR3DtV
'LVSRQtYHOHPZZZDOHPGDQRWLFLDFRPEUXOWLPDVBQRWLFLDVSKS"FRGQRWLFLD $FHVVRHPDEUDGDSWDGR
$ KRPRIRELD p D UHMHLomR H PHQRVSUH]R j RULHQWDomR VH[XDOGRRXWURHPXLWDVYH]HVH[SUHVVDVHVREDIRUPD GHFRPSRUWDPHQWRVYLROHQWRV2VWH[WRVLQGLFDPTXHDV FRQGHQDo}HVS~EOLFDVSHUVHJXLo}HVHDVVDVVLQDWRVGH KRPRVVH[XDLVQRSDtVHVWmRDVVRFLDGDV
j EDL[D UHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGH SROtWLFD GH JUXSRV RUJDQL]DGRVTXHGHIHQGHPRVGLUHLWRVGHFLGDGDQLD GRVKRPRVVH[XDLV
j IDOrQFLD GD GHPRFUDFLD QR SDtV TXH WRUQD LPSHGLWLYDDGLYXOJDomRGHHVWDWtVWLFDVUHODFLRQDGDV jYLROrQFLDFRQWUDKRPRVVH[XDLV
j&RQVWLWXLomRGHTXHH[FOXLGRWHFLGRVRFLDO RV KRPRVVH[XDLV DOpP GH LPSHGLORV GH H[HUFHU VHXVGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRV
DXPSDVVDGRKLVWyULFRPDUFDGRSHODGHPRQL]DomRGR FRUSRHSRUIRUPDVUHFRUUHQWHVGHWDEXVHLQWROHUkQFLD DXPDSROtWLFDHXJrQLFDGHVHQYROYLGDSHOR(VWDGR
MXVWL¿FDGDDSDUWLUGRVSRVLFLRQDPHQWRVGHFRUUHQWHV ¿ORVy¿FRFLHQWt¿FDV
Questão 31
$SyV D DEGLFDomR GH ' 3HGUR , R %UDVLO DWUDYHVVRX XP SHUtRGR PDUFDGR SRU LQ~PHUDV FULVHV DV GLYHUVDV IRUoDV SROtWLFDV OXWDYDP SHOR SRGHU H DV UHLYLQGLFDo}HV SRSXODUHVHUDPSRUPHOKRUHVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGDHSHOR GLUHLWRGHSDUWLFLSDomRQDYLGDSROtWLFDGRSDtV2VFRQÀLWRV UHSUHVHQWDYDPWDPEpPRSURWHVWRFRQWUDDFHQWUDOL]DomR GRJRYHUQR1HVVHSHUtRGRRFRUUHXWDPEpPDH[SDQVmR GD FXOWXUD FDIHHLUD H R VXUJLPHQWR GR SRGHURVR JUXSR GRV ³EDU}HV GR FDIp´ SDUD R TXDO HUD IXQGDPHQWDO D PDQXWHQomRGDHVFUDYLGmRHGRWUi¿FRQHJUHLUR
2FRQWH[WRGR3HUtRGR5HJHQFLDOIRLPDUFDGR
SRU UHYROWDV SRSXODUHV TXH UHFODPDYDP D YROWD GDPRQDUTXLD
SRU YiULDV FULVHV H SHOD VXEPLVVmR GDV IRUoDV SROtWLFDVDRSRGHUFHQWUDO
SHOD OXWD HQWUH RV SULQFLSDLV JUXSRV SROtWLFRV TXH UHLYLQGLFDYDPPHOKRUHVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGD
SHOR JRYHUQR GRV FKDPDGRV UHJHQWHV TXH SURPRYHUDPDDVFHQVmRVRFLDOGRV³EDU}HVGRFDIp´ SHOD FRQYXOVmR SROtWLFD H SRU QRYDV UHDOLGDGHV
HFRQ{PLFDV TXH H[LJLDP R UHIRUoR GH YHOKDV UHDOLGDGHVVRFLDLV
'H PDUoR GH D IHYHUHLUR GH IRUDP GHFUHWDGDV PDLV GH OHLV QRYDV GH SURWHomR VRFLDO H GH UHJXODPHQWDomR GR WUDEDOKR HP WRGRV RV VHXV VHWRUHV7RGDVHODVWrPVLGRVLPSOHVPHQWHXPDGiGLYD GRJRYHUQR'HVGHDtRWUDEDOKDGRUEUDVLOHLURHQFRQWUD QRVTXDGURVJHUDLVGRUHJLPHRVHXYHUGDGHLUROXJDU
'$17$60$IRUoDQDFLRQDOL]DGRUDGR(VWDGR1RYR5LRGH-DQHLUR',3$SXG%(5&,726 51RVWHPSRVGH*HW~OLRGDUHYROXomRGHDR¿PGR(VWDGR1RYR6mR3DXOR$WXDO
$ DGRomR GH QRYDV SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV H DV PXGDQoDV MXUtGLFRLQVWLWXFLRQDLVRFRUULGDVQR%UDVLOFRPDDVFHQVmR GH*HW~OLR9DUJDVDRSRGHUHYLGHQFLDPRSDSHOKLVWyULFR GHFHUWDVOLGHUDQoDVHDLPSRUWkQFLDGDVOXWDVVRFLDLVQD FRQTXLVWDGDFLGDGDQLD'HVVHSURFHVVRUHVXOWRXD
FULDomR GR 0LQLVWpULR GR 7UDEDOKR ,QG~VWULD H
Comércio, que garantiu ao operariado autonomia
SDUDRH[HUFtFLRGHDWLYLGDGHVVLQGLFDLV
OHJLVODomR SUHYLGHQFLiULD TXH SURLELX PLJUDQWHV GH RFXSDUHPFDUJRVGHGLUHomRQRVVLQGLFDWRV
FULDomRGD-XVWLoDGR7UDEDOKRSDUDFRLELULGHRORJLDV FRQVLGHUDGDVSHUWXUEDGRUDVGD³KDUPRQLDVRFLDO´ OHJLVODomR WUDEDOKLVWD TXH DWHQGHX UHLYLQGLFDo}HV
GRVRSHUiULRVJDUDQWLGROKHVYiULRVGLUHLWRVHIRUPDV GHSURWHomR
GHFUHWDomR GD &RQVROLGDomR GDV /HLV GR 7UDEDOKR &/7 TXH LPSHGLX R FRQWUROH HVWDWDO VREUH DV DWLYLGDGHVSROtWLFDVGDFODVVHRSHUiULD
Questão 33
1mRpGLItFLOHQWHQGHURTXHRFRUUHXQR%UDVLOQRVDQRV LPHGLDWDPHQWH DQWHULRUHV DR JROSH PLOLWDU GH $ GLPLQXLomRGDRIHUWDGHHPSUHJRVHDGHVYDORUL]DomRGRV VDOiULRVSURYRFDGDVSHODLQÀDomROHYDUDPDXPDLQWHQVD PRELOL]DomR SROtWLFD SRSXODU PDUFDGD SRU VXFHVVLYDV RQGDVJUHYLVWDVGHYiULDVFDWHJRULDVSUR¿VVLRQDLVRTXH DSURIXQGRX DV WHQV}HV VRFLDLV 'HVVD YH] DV FODVVHV WUDEDOKDGRUDVVHUHFXVDUDPDSDJDURSDWRSHODV³VREUDV´ GRPRGHORHFRQ{PLFRMXVFHOLQLVWD
0(1'21d$65A Industrialização Brasileira6mR3DXOR0RGHUQDDGDSWDGR
6HJXQGRRWH[WRRVFRQÀLWRVVRFLDLVRFRUULGRVQRLQtFLR GRVDQRVGHFRUUHUDPSULQFLSDOPHQWH
da mDQLSXODomRSROtWLFDHPSUHHQGLGDSHORJRYHUQR
-RmR*RXODUW
GDV FRQWUDGLo}HV HFRQ{PLFDV GR PRGHOR GHVHQYROYLPHQWLVWD
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DYDQoRGDVJUHYHV
$OHLQmRQDVFHGDQDWXUH]DMXQWRGDVIRQWHVIUHTXHQWDGDV SHORVSULPHLURVSDVWRUHVDOHLQDVFHGDVEDWDOKDVUHDLVGDV YLWyULDVGRVPDVVDFUHVGDVFRQTXLVWDVTXHWrPVXDGDWDH VHXVKHUyLVGHKRUURUDOHLQDVFHGDVFLGDGHVLQFHQGLDGDV GDVWHUUDVGHYDVWDGDVHODQDVFHFRPRVIDPRVRVLQRFHQWHV TXHDJRQL]DPQRGLDTXHHVWiDPDQKHFHQGR
)28&$8/70$XODGHGHMDQHLURGH,Q Em defesa da sociedade.
6mR3DXOR0DUWLQV)RQWHV
2 ¿OyVRIR 0LFKHO )RXFDXOW VpF ;; LQRYD DR SHQVDU DSROtWLFDHDOHLHPUHODomRDRSRGHUHjRUJDQL]DomR VRFLDO&RPEDVHQDUHÀH[mRGH)RXFDXOWD¿QDOLGDGH GDVOHLVQDRUJDQL]DomRGDVVRFLHGDGHVPRGHUQDVp
FRPEDWHUDo}HVYLROHQWDVQDJXHUUDHQWUHDVQDo}HV FRDJLUHVHUYLUSDUDUHIUHDUDDJUHVVLYLGDGHKXPDQD FULDUOLPLWHVHQWUHDJXHUUDHDSD]SUDWLFDGDVHQWUH
RVLQGLYtGXRVGHXPDPHVPDQDomR
HVWDEHOHFHU SULQFtSLRV pWLFRV TXH UHJXODPHQWDP DV Do}HVEpOLFDVHQWUHSDtVHVLQLPLJRV
RUJDQL]DUDVUHODo}HVGHSRGHUQDVRFLHGDGHHHQWUH RV(VWDGRV
Questão 35
(P QRVVR SDtV TXHUHPRV VXEVWLWXLU R HJRtVPR SHOD PRUDODKRQUDSHODSURELGDGHRVXVRVSHORVSULQFtSLRV DVFRQYHQLrQFLDVSHORVGHYHUHVDWLUDQLDGDPRGDSHOR LPSpULRGDUD]mRRGHVSUH]RjGHVJUDoDSHORGHVSUH]RDR YtFLRDLQVROrQFLDSHORRUJXOKRDYDLGDGHSHODJUDQGH]D GHDOPDRDPRUDRGLQKHLURSHORDPRUjJOyULDDERD FRPSDQKLDSHODVERDVSHVVRDVDLQWULJDSHORPpULWRR HVSLULWXRVRSHORJrQLRREULOKRSHODYHUGDGHRWpGLRGD YRO~SLDSHORHQFDQWRGDIHOLFLGDGHDPHVTXLQKDULDGRV JUDQGHVSHODJUDQGH]DGRKRPHP
+817/5HYROXomR)UDQFHVDH9LGD3ULYDGDLQ3(552702UJHistória da Vida Privada: da Revolução Francesa à Primeira Guerra9RO6mR3DXOR&RPSDQKLDGDV/HWUDVDGDSWDGR
O discurso de 5REHVSLHUUHGHGHIHYHUHLURGHGR
TXDO R WUHFKR WUDQVFULWR p SDUWH UHODFLRQDVH D TXDO GRV JUXSRVSROtWLFRVRFLDLVHQYROYLGRVQD5HYROXomR)UDQFHVD"
¬DOWDEXUJXHVLDTXHGHVHMDYDSDUWLFLSDUGRSRGHU OHJLVODWLYRIUDQFrVFRPRIRUoDSROtWLFDGRPLQDQWH $RFOHURIUDQFrVTXHGHVHMDYDMXVWLoDVRFLDOHHUD
OLJDGRjDOWDEXUJXHVLD
$PLOLWDUHVRULXQGRVGDSHTXHQDHPpGLDEXUJXHVLD
que derrotaram as potências rivais e queriam
UHRUJDQL]DUD)UDQoDLQWHUQDPHQWH
¬ QREUH]D HVFODUHFLGD TXH HP IXQomR GR VHX FRQWDWR FRP RV LQWHOHFWXDLV LOXPLQLVWDV GHVHMDYD H[WLQJXLURDEVROXWLVPRIUDQFrV
Aos representantes da pequena e média burguesia
H GDV FDPDGDV SRSXODUHV TXH GHVHMDYDP MXVWLoD VRFLDOHGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRV
$SROXLomRHRXWUDVRIHQVDVDPELHQWDLVDLQGDQmRWLQKDP HVVHQRPHPDVMiHUDPODUJDPHQWHQRWDGDVQRVpFXOR ;,; QDV JUDQGHV FLGDGHV LQJOHVDV H FRQWLQHQWDLV ( D SUySULDFKHJDGDDRFDPSRGDVHVWUDGDVGHIHUURVXVFLWRX SURWHVWRV $ UHDomR DQWLPDTXLQLVWD SURWDJRQL]DGD SHORVGLYHUVRVOXGGLVPRVDQWHFLSDDEDWDOKDDWXDOGRV DPELHQWDOLVWDV(VVHHUDHQWmRRFRPEDWHVRFLDOFRQWUD RVPLDVPDVXUEDQRV
6$17260A natureza do espaço: técnica e tempo, razão e emoção 6mR3DXOR('863DGDSWDGR
O creVFHQWH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR WpFQLFRSURGXWLYR LPS}H
PRGL¿FDo}HV QD SDLVDJHP H QRV REMHWRV FXOWXUDLV YLYHQFLDGRVSHODVVRFLHGDGHV'HDFRUGRFRPRWH[WR SRGHVHGL]HUTXHWDLVPRYLPHQWRVVRFLDLVHPHUJLUDPH VHH[SUHVVDUDPSRUPHLR
GDV LGHRORJLDV FRQVHUYDFLRQLVWDV FRP PLOKDUHV GH DGHSWRVQRPHLRXUEDQR
GDV SROtWLFDV JRYHUQDPHQWDLV GH SUHVHUYDomR GRV REMHWRVQDWXUDLVHFXOWXUDLV
GDV WHRULDV VREUH D QHFHVVLGDGH GH KDUPRQL]DomR HQWUHWpFQLFDHQDWXUH]D
dos boicotes aos produtos das empresas
H[SORUDGRUDVHSROXHQWHV
GD FRQWHVWDomR j GHJUDGDomR GR WUDEDOKR GDV WUDGLo}HVHGDQDWXUH]D
Questão 37
Os meios de FRPXQLFDomRIXQFLRQDPFRPRXPHORHQWUH
RVGLIHUHQWHVVHJPHQWRVGHXPDVRFLHGDGH1DV~OWLPDV GpFDGDVDFRPSDQKDPRVDLQVHUomRGHXPQRYRPHLRGH FRPXQLFDomRTXHVXSHUDHPPXLWRRXWURVMiH[LVWHQWHV YLVWRTXHSRGHFRQWULEXLUSDUDDGHPRFUDWL]DomRGDYLGD VRFLDOHSROtWLFDGDVRFLHGDGHjPHGLGDTXHSRVVLELOLWD DLQVWLWXLomR GHPHFDQLVPRV HOHWU{QLFRV SDUDDHIHWLYD SDUWLFLSDomRSROtWLFDHGLVVHPLQDomRGHLQIRUPDo}HV
&RQVWLWXL R H[HPSOR PDLV H[SUHVVLYR GHVVH QRYR FRQMXQWRGHUHGHVLQIRUPDFLRQDLVD
,QWHUQHW ¿EUDyWLFD 79GLJLWDO WHOHIRQLDPyYHO
Opinião 3RGHPPHSUHQGHU 3RGHPPHEDWHU 3RGHPDWpGHL[DUPHVHPFRPHU 4XHHXQmRPXGRGHRSLQLmR $TXLGRPRUURHXQmRVDLRQmR $TXLGRPRUURHXQmRVDLRQmR 6HQmRWHPiJXD (XIXURXPSRoR 6HQmRWHPFDUQH (XFRPSURXPRVVRHSRQKRQDVRSD (GHL[DDQGDUGHL[DDQGDU )DOHPGHPLP 4XHPTXLVHUIDODU $TXLHXQmRSDJRDOXJXHO 6HHXPRUUHUDPDQKmVHXGRXWRU (VWRXSHUWLQKRGRFpX
=p.HWWLOpinião'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZPSEQHWFRPEU $FHVVRHPDEU (VVDP~VLFDIH]SDUWHGHXPLPSRUWDQWHHVSHWiFXORWHD -WUDOTXHHVWUHRXQRDQRGHQR5LRGH-DQHLUR2SD -SHOH[HUFLGRSHOD0~VLFD3RSXODU%UDVLOHLUD03%QHVVH FRQWH[WRHYLGHQFLDGRSHODOHWUDGHP~VLFDFLWDGDIRLRGH HQWUHWHQLPHQWRSDUDRVJUXSRVLQWHOHFWXDLV YDORUL]DomRGRSURJUHVVRHFRQ{PLFRGRSDtV FUtWLFDjSDVVLYLGDGHGRVVHWRUHVSRSXODUHV GHQ~QFLDGDVLWXDomRVRFLDOHSROtWLFDGRSDtV PRELOL]DomRGRVVHWRUHVTXHDSRLDYDPD'LWDGXUD0LOLWDU Questão 39
A chegada da televisão
$FDL[DGHSDQGRUDWHFQROyJLFDSHQHWUDQRVODUHVHOLEHUD VXDVFDEHoDVIDODQWHVDVWURVQRYHODVQRWLFLiULRVHDV IDEXORVDV LUUHVLVWtYHLV JDURWDVSURSDJDQGD YHUV}HV PRGHUQL]DGDVGRWUDGLFLRQDOKRPHPVDQGXtFKH
6(9&(1.212UJHistória da Vida Privada no Brasil 3. República: da Belle Époque à Era do Rádio6mR3DXOR&LDGDV/HWUDV
$ 79 D SDUWLU GD GpFDGD GH HQWURX QRV ODUHV EUDVLOHLURV SURYRFDQGR PXGDQoDV FRQVLGHUiYHLV QRV KiELWRV GD SRSXODomR &HUWRV HSLVyGLRV GD KLVWyULD EUDVLOHLUD UHYHODUDP TXH D 79 HVSHFLDOPHQWH FRPR HVSDoRGHDomRGDLPSUHQVDWRUQRXVHWDPEpPYHtFXOR GHXWLOLGDGHS~EOLFDDIDYRUGDGHPRFUDFLDQDPHGLGD
em que
DPSOL¿FRXRVGLVFXUVRVQDFLRQDOLVWDVHDXWRULWiULRV GXUDQWHRJRYHUQR9DUJDV
UHYHORX SDUD R SDtV FDVRV GH FRUUXSomR QD HVIHUD SROtWLFDGHYiULRVJRYHUQRV
maquiou indicadores sociais negativos durante as
GpFDGDVGHH
DSRLRXQRJRYHUQR&DVWHOR%UDQFRDVLQLFLDWLYDVGH IHFKDPHQWRGRSDUODPHQWR
FRUURERURXDFRQVWUXomRGHREUDVIDUD{QLFDVGXUDQWH
os govHUQRVPLOLWDUHV
+RPHQV GD ,QJODWHUUD SRU TXH DUDU SDUD RV VHQKRUHV
que vos mantêm na miséria?
3RUTXHWHFHUFRPHVIRUoRVHFXLGDGRDVULFDVURXSDV
que vossos tiranos vestem?
3RUTXHDOLPHQWDUYHVWLUHSRXSDUGREHUoRDWpRW~PXOR HVVHVSDUDVLWDVLQJUDWRVTXHH[SORUDPYRVVRVXRU²DK
que bebem vosso sangue?
6+(//(<2VKRPHQVGD,QJODWHUUD $SXG+8%(50$1/História da Riqueza do Homem. 5LRGH-DQHLUR=DKDU
$ DQiOLVH GR WUHFKR SHUPLWH LGHQWL¿FDU TXH R SRHWD URPkQWLFR6KHOOH\UHJLVWURXXPDFRQWUDGLomR QDV FRQGLo}HV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFDV GD QDVFHQWH FODVVH WUDEDOKDGRUDLQJOHVDGXUDQWHD5HYROXomR,QGXVWULDO7DO FRQWUDGLomRHVWiLGHQWL¿FDGD
QDSREUH]DGRVHPSUHJDGRVTXHHVWDYDGLVVRFLDGD GDULTXH]DGRVSDWU}HV
QR VDOiULR GRV RSHUiULRV TXH HUD SURSRUFLRQDO DRV VHXVHVIRUoRVQDVLQG~VWULDV QDEXUJXHVLDTXHWLQKDVHXVQHJyFLRV¿QDQFLDGRV SHORSUROHWDULDGR QRWUDEDOKRTXHHUDFRQVLGHUDGRXPDJDUDQWLDGH OLEHUGDGH QDULTXH]DTXHQmRHUDXVXIUXtGDSRUDTXHOHVTXHD SURGX]LDP Questão 41
A ética precisa ser compreendida como um
HPSUHHQGLPHQWR FROHWLYR D VHU FRQVWDQWHPHQWH UHWRPDGR H UHGLVFXWLGR SRUTXH p SURGXWR GD UHODomR LQWHUSHVVRDOHVRFLDO$pWLFDVXS}HDLQGDTXHFDGDJUXSR VRFLDOVHRUJDQL]HVHQWLQGRVHUHVSRQViYHOSRUWRGRVH TXHFULHFRQGLo}HVSDUDRH[HUFtFLRGHXPSHQVDUHDJLU DXW{QRPRV$UHODomRHQWUHpWLFDHSROtWLFDpWDPEpPXPD TXHVWmRGHHGXFDomRHOXWDSHODVREHUDQLDGRVSRYRVe
necessária uma ética renovada, que se construa a partir
GDQDWXUH]DGRVYDORUHVVRFLDLVSDUDRUJDQL]DUWDPEpP XPDQRYDSUiWLFDSROtWLFD
&25',HWDO3DUD¿ORVRIDU6mR3DXOR6FLSLRQHDGDSWDGR
2 6pFXOR ;; WHYH GH UHSHQVDU D pWLFD SDUD HQIUHQWDU QRYRVSUREOHPDVRULXQGRVGHGLIHUHQWHVFULVHVVRFLDLV FRQÀLWRV LGHROyJLFRV H FRQWUDGLo}HV GD UHDOLGDGH 6REHVVHHQIRTXHHDSDUWLUGRWH[WRDpWLFDSRGHVHU
compreendida como
instrumento de garantia da cidadania, porque através
GHODRVFLGDGmRVSDVVDPDSHQVDUHDJLUGHDFRUGR FRPYDORUHVFROHWLYRV PHFDQLVPRGHFULDomRGHGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVSRUTXH pGDQDWXUH]DGRKRPHPVHUpWLFRHYLUWXRVR PHLRSDUDUHVROYHURVFRQÀLWRVVRFLDLVQRFHQiULRGD JOREDOL]DomRSRLVDSDUWLUGRHQWHQGLPHQWRGRTXH p HIHWLYDPHQWH D pWLFD D SROtWLFD LQWHUQDFLRQDO VH UHDOL]D
SDUkPHWURSDUDDVVHJXUDURH[HUFtFLRSROtWLFRSULPDQGR SHORVLQWHUHVVHVHDomRSULYDGDGRVFLGDGmRV
Judiciário contribuiu com ditadura no Chile, diz Juiz Guzmán Tapia
$VFRUWHVGHDSHODomRUHMHLWDUDPPDLVGHPLOhabeas corpus QRV FDVRV GDV SHVVRDV GHVDSDUHFLGDV 1RV
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para que os agentes estataLV¿FDVVHPLPSXQHV
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Questão 43
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Uma suposta “vacina” contra o despotismo, em um
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Questão 45
Na étiFD FRQWHPSRUkQHD R VXMHLWR QmR p PDLV XP
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Questão 46
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temperatura?
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A água quente que está em uma caneca é passada
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água que está em seu interior com menor temperatura
GRTXHDGHOH
Questão 47
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Fusível Corrente Elétrica (A)
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Questão 48
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Questão 49
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orientado por um médico a tomar preventivamente ou como medida de tratamento
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entre em contato com a LeptospiraVS
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Questão 51
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cedeu energia à amostra de maior massa em mais
WHPSR
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Questão 53
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constantemente em movimento, o desaparecimento da
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Questão 55
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O vôo das Folhas
Com o vento
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Questão 57
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GLPLQXD GHYLGR j QmR QHFHVVLGDGH GH DTXHFHU D iJXDXWLOL]DGDHPLQG~VWULDV
DXPHQWHGHYLGRjQHFHVVLGDGHGHPDLRUUHIULJHUDomR GHLQG~VWULDVHUHVLGrQFLDV
GLPLQXD GHYLGR j JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH UDGLDomR WpUPLFDUHXWLOL]DGD
Sob prHVVmR QRUPDO DR QtYHO GR PDU D iJXD HQWUD
HPHEXOLomRjWHPSHUDWXUDGHo&7HQGRSRUEDVH
HVVD LQIRUPDomR XP JDURWR UHVLGHQWH HP XPD FLGDGH OLWRUkQHDIH]DVHJXLQWHH[SHULrQFLD
&RORFRX XPD FDQHFD PHWiOLFD FRQWHQGR iJXD QR IRJDUHLURGRIRJmRGHVXDFDVD
4XDQGR D iJXD FRPHoRX D IHUYHU HQFRVWRX FXLGDGRVDPHQWH D H[WUHPLGDGH PDLV HVWUHLWD GH XPD VHULQJD GH LQMHomR GHVSURYLGD GH DJXOKD QD VXSHUItFLH GR OtTXLGR H HUJXHQGR R rPEROR GD
seringa, aspirou certa quantidade de água para seu
LQWHULRUWDSDQGRDHPVHJXLGD
9HUL¿FDQGR DSyV DOJXQV LQVWDQWHV TXH D iJXD GD VHULQJDKDYLDSDUDGRGHIHUYHUHOHHUJXHXRrPEROR GDVHULQJDFRQVWDWDQGRLQWULJDGRTXHDiJXDYROWRX DIHUYHUDSyVXPSHTXHQRGHVORFDPHQWRGRrPEROR
&RQVLGHUDQGR R SURFHGLPHQWR DQWHULRU D iJXD YROWD D IHUYHUSRUTXHHVVHGHVORFDPHQWR
SHUPLWHDHQWUDGDGHFDORUGRDPELHQWHH[WHUQRSDUD RLQWHULRUGDVHULQJD
provoca, por atrito, um aquecimento da água contida
QDVHULQJD
SURGX]XPDXPHQWRGHYROXPHTXHDXPHQWDRSRQWR GHHEXOLomRGDiJXD
SURSRUFLRQD XPD TXHGD GH SUHVVmR QR LQWHULRU GD VHULQJDTXHGLPLQXLRSRQWRGHHEXOLomRGDiJXD SRVVLELOLWD XPD GLPLQXLomR GD GHQVLGDGH GD iJXD
TXHIDFLOLWDVXDHEXOLomR
Questão 59
O despejo de dejetos de esgotos domésticos e
LQGXVWULDLV YHP FDXVDQGR VpULRV SUREOHPDV DRV ULRV EUDVLOHLURV (VVHV SROXHQWHV VmR ULFRV HP VXEVWkQFLDV TXH FRQWULEXHP SDUD D HXWUR¿]DomR GH HFRVVLVWHPDV
que é um enriquecimento da água por nutrientes, o que
SURYRFD XP JUDQGH FUHVFLPHQWR EDFWHULDQR H SRU ¿P SRGHSURPRYHUHVFDVVH]GHR[LJrQLR
8PDPDQHLUDGHHYLWDUDGLPLQXLomRGDFRQFHQWUDomRGH R[LJrQLRQRDPELHQWHp
Aquecer as águas dos rios para aumentar a
YHORFLGDGHGHGHFRPSRVLomRGRVGHMHWRV
Retirar do esgoto os materiais ricos em nutrientes
SDUDGLPLQXLUDVXDFRQFHQWUDomRQRVULRV
$GLFLRQDU EDFWpULDV DQDHUyELFDV jV iJXDV GRV ULRV SDUDTXHHODVVREUHYLYDPPHVPRVHPRR[LJrQLR 6XEVWLWXLU SURGXWRV QmR GHJUDGiYHLV SRU
ELRGHJUDGiYHLVSDUDTXHDVEDFWpULDVSRVVDPXWLOL]DU RVQXWULHQWHV
$XPHQWDUDVROXELOLGDGHGRVGHMHWRVQRHVJRWRSDUDTXH RVQXWULHQWHV¿TXHPPDLVDFHVVtYHLVjVEDFWpULDV
=,(*/(50)(QHUJLD6XVWHQWiYHORevista IstoÉDEU
$IRQWHGHHQHUJLDUHSUHVHQWDGDQD¿JXUDFRQVLGHUDGD XPD GDV PDLV OLPSDV H VXVWHQWiYHLV GR PXQGR p H[WUDtGDGRFDORUJHUDGR
SHODFLUFXODomRGRPDJPDQRVXEVROR SHODVHUXSo}HVFRQVWDQWHVGRVYXOF}HV
SHORVROTXHDTXHFHDViJXDVFRPUDGLDomRXOWUDYLROHWD SHODTXHLPDGRFDUYmRHFRPEXVWtYHLVIyVVHLV SHORVGHWULWRVHFLQ]DVYXOFkQLFDV
Questão 61
1RDQRGHXPYD]DPHQWRHPGXWRVGHyOHRQDEDtD GH *XDQDEDUD 5- FDXVRX XP GRV PDLRUHV DFLGHQWHV DPELHQWDLVGR%UDVLO$OpPGHDIHWDUDIDXQDHDÀRUDR DFLGHQWHDEDORXRHTXLOtEULRGDFDGHLDDOLPHQWDUGHWRGD D EDtD 2 SHWUyOHR IRUPD XPD SHOtFXOD QD VXSHUItFLH GD iJXDRTXHSUHMXGLFDDVWURFDVJDVRVDVGDDWPRVIHUDFRP DiJXDHGHVIDYRUHFHDUHDOL]DomRGHIRWRVVtQWHVHSHODV DOJDV TXH HVWmR QD EDVH GD FDGHLD DOLPHQWDU KtGULFD $OpP GLVVR R GHUUDPDPHQWR GH yOHR FRQWULEXLX SDUD R
envenenamento das árvores e, consequentemente, para a
LQWR[LFDomRGDIDXQDHÀRUDDTXiWLFDVEHPFRPRFRQGX]LX jPRUWHGLYHUVDVHVSpFLHVGHDQLPDLVHQWUHRXWUDVIRUPDV GHYLGDDIHWDQGRWDPEpPDDWLYLGDGHSHVTXHLUD
/$8%,(5/'LYHUVLGDGHGD0DUp1HJUD,Q6FLHQWL¿F$PHULFDQ%UDVLODJRDGDSWDGR
$VLWXDomRH[SRVWDQRWH[WRHVXDVLPSOLFDo}HV
indicam a indeSHQGrQFLD GD HVSpFLH KXPDQD FRP
UHODomRDRDPELHQWHPDULQKR
DOHUWDPSDUDDQHFHVVLGDGHGRFRQWUROHGDSROXLomR DPELHQWDOSDUDUHGXomRGRHIHLWRHVWXID
LOXVWUDPDLQWHUGHSHQGrQFLDGDVGLYHUVDVIRUPDVGH YLGDDQLPDOYHJHWDOHRXWUDVHRVHXKDELWDW LQGLFDPDDOWDUHVLVWrQFLDGRPHLRDPELHQWHjDomR
GRKRPHPDOpPGHHYLGHQFLDUDVXDVXVWHQWDELOLGDGH PHVPRHPFRQGLo}HVH[WUHPDVGHSROXLomR
8P DPELHQWH FDSD] GH DV¿[LDU WRGRV RV DQLPDLV FRQKHFLGRV GR SODQHWD IRL FRORQL]DGR SRU SHOR PHQRV WUrV HVSpFLHV GLIHUHQWHV GH LQYHUWHEUDGRV PDULQKRV 'HVFREHUWRV D PDLV GH P GH SURIXQGLGDGH QR 0HGLWHUUkQHRHOHVVmRRVSULPHLURVPHPEURVGRUHLQR DQLPDO D SURVSHUDU PHVPR GLDQWH GD DXVrQFLD WRWDO GH R[LJrQLR $Wp DJRUD DFKDYDVH TXH Vy EDFWpULDV SXGHVVHP WHU HVVH HVWLOR GH YLGD 1mR DGPLUD TXH RV ELFKRV SHUWHQoDP D XP JUXSR SRXFR FRQKHFLGR R GRV ORULFtIHURV TXH PDO FKHJDP D PP$SHVDU GR WDPDQKR SRVVXHP FDEHoD ERFD VLVWHPD GLJHVWLYR H XPD FDUDSDoD $ DGDSWDomR GRV ELFKRV j YLGD QR VXIRFRpWmRSURIXQGDTXHVXDVFpOXODVGLVSHQVDUDPDV FKDPDGDVPLWRF{QGULDV
/23(65-Italianos descobrem animal que vive em água sem oxigênio'LVSRQtYHO HPKWWSZZZIROKDXROFRPEU$FHVVRHPDEUDGDSWDGR
4XHVXEVWkQFLDVSRGHULDPWHUDPHVPDIXQomRGR2 na
UHVSLUDomRFHOXODUUHDOL]DGDSHORVORULFtIHURV"
S e CH4 S e H e COe CH4 H e CO
Questão 63
$V PLVWXUDV HIHUYHVFHQWHV HP Sy RX HP FRPSULPLGRV VmR FRPXQV SDUD D DGPLQLVWUDomR GH YLWDPLQD & RX GH PHGLFDPHQWRV SDUD D]LD (VVD IRUPD IDUPDFrXWLFD VyOLGD IRL GHVHQYROYLGD SDUD IDFLOLWDU R WUDQVSRUWH DXPHQWDU D HVWDELOLGDGHGHVXEVWkQFLDVHTXDQGRHPVROXomRDFHOHUDUD DEVRUomRGRIiUPDFRSHORRUJDQLVPR
$V PDWpULDVSULPDV TXH DWXDP QD HIHUYHVFrQFLD VmR HP JHUDORiFLGRWDUWiULFRRXRiFLGRFtWULFRTXHUHDJHPFRPXP VDOGHFDUiWHUEiVLFRFRPRRELFDUERQDWRGHVyGLR1D+&23
TXDQGRHPFRQWDWRFRPDiJXD$SDUWLUGRFRQWDWRGDPLVWXUD HIHUYHVFHQWH FRP D iJXD RFRUUH XPD VpULH GH UHDo}HV TXtPLFDVVLPXOWkQHDVOLEHUDomRGHtRQVIRUPDomRGHiFLGRH OLEHUDomRGRJiVFDUE{QLFR²JHUDQGRDHIHUYHVFrQFLD $V HTXDo}HV D VHJXLU UHSUHVHQWDP DV HWDSDV GD UHDomRGDPLVWXUDHIHUYHVFHQWHQDiJXDHPTXHIRUDP RPLWLGRVRVHVWDGRVGHDJUHJDomRGRVUHDJHQWHVH+3A
UHSUHVHQWDRiFLGRFtWULFR
, 1D+&23ĺ1D+ +
,, +CO3U HO + CO
,,, + H+U H
CO3
,9 +3A U 3H+ +
$LRQL]DomRDGLVVRFLDomRL{QLFDDIRUPDomRGRiFLGR H D OLEHUDomR GR JiV RFRUUHP UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH QDV VHJXLQWHVHWDSDV
,9,,,H,,, ,,9,,,H,, ,9,,,,H,, ,,9,,H,,, ,9,,,,H,,
$OJXQV DQItELRV H UpSWHLV VmR DGDSWDGRV j YLGD VXEWHUUkQHD 1HVVD VLWXDomR DSUHVHQWDP DOJXPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRUSRUDLV FRPR SRU H[HPSOR DXVrQFLD GH SDWDV FRUSR DQHODGR TXH IDFLOLWD R GHVORFDPHQWR QRVXEVRORHHPDOJXQVFDVRVDXVrQFLDGHROKRV
6XSRQKD TXH XP ELyORJR WHQWDVVH H[SOLFDU D RULJHP GDV DGDSWDo}HV PHQFLRQDGDV QR WH[WR XWLOL]DQGR FRQFHLWRV GD WHRULD HYROXWLYD GH /DPDUFN$R DGRWDU HVVHSRQWRGHYLVWDHOHGLULDTXH
DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFLWDGDVQRWH[WRIRUDPRULJLQDGDV SHODVHOHomRQDWXUDO
DDXVrQFLDGHROKRVWHULDVLGRFDXVDGDSHODIDOWDGH XVRGRVPHVPRVVHJXQGRDOHLGRXVRHGHVXVR R FRUSR DQHODGR p XPD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD IRUWHPHQWH
adaptativa, mas seria transmitida apenas à
SULPHLUDJHUDomRGHGHVFHQGHQWHV
DV SDWDV WHULDP VLGR SHUGLGDV SHOD IDOWD GH XVR H HP VHJXLGDHVVDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDIRLLQFRUSRUDGDDRSDWULP{QLR JHQpWLFRHHQWmRWUDQVPLWLGDVDRVGHVFHQGHQWHV
DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFLWDGDVQRWH[WRIRUDPDGTXLULGDV SRUPHLRGHPXWDo}HVHGHSRLVDRORQJRGRWHPSR IRUDPVHOHFLRQDGDVSRUVHUHPPDLVDGDSWDGDVDR
ambiente em que os organismos se encRQWUDP
O cresciPHQWR GD SURGXomR GH HQHUJLD HOpWULFD DR
ORQJR GR WHPSR WHP LQÀXHQFLDGR GHFLVLYDPHQWH R SURJUHVVR GD KXPDQLGDGH PDV WDPEpP WHP FULDGR XPD VpULD SUHRFXSDomR R SUHMXt]R DR PHLR DPELHQWH 1RV SUy[LPRV DQRV XPD QRYD WHFQRORJLD GH JHUDomR GHHQHUJLDHOpWULFDGHYHUiJDQKDUHVSDoRDVFpOXODVD FRPEXVWtYHOKLGURJrQLRR[LJrQLR
9,//8//$6+07,&,$1(//,($*21=È/(=(5Química Nova Na Escola. NoPDLR
Com basH QR WH[WR H QD ¿JXUD D SURGXomR GH HQHUJLD
HOpWULFD SRU PHLR GD FpOXOD D FRPEXVWtYHO KLGURJrQLR R[LJrQLRGLIHUHQFLDVHGRVSURFHVVRVFRQYHQFLRQDLVSRUTXH WUDQVIRUPDHQHUJLDTXtPLFDHPHQHUJLDHOpWULFDVHP FDXVDUGDQRVDRPHLRDPELHQWHSRUTXHRSULQFLSDO VXESURGXWRIRUPDGRpDiJXD
FRQYHUWH D HQHUJLD TXtPLFD FRQWLGD QDV PROpFXODV
dos componentes em energia térmica, sem que
RFRUUD D SURGXomR GH JDVHV SROXHQWHV QRFLYRV DR PHLRDPELHQWH
WUDQVIRUPD HQHUJLD TXtPLFD HP HQHUJLD HOpWULFD SRUpPHPLWHJDVHVSROXHQWHVGDPHVPDIRUPDTXHD SURGXomRGHHQHUJLDDSDUWLUGRVFRPEXVWtYHLVIyVVHLV FRQYHUWH HQHUJLD HOpWULFD SURYHQLHQWH GRV FRPEXVWtYHLVIyVVHLVHPHQHUJLDTXtPLFDUHWHQGRRV JDVHVSROXHQWHVSURGX]LGRVQRSURFHVVRVHPDOWHUDU DTXDOLGDGHGRPHLRDPELHQWH
FRQYHUWH D HQHUJLD SRWHQFLDO DFXPXODGD QDV PROpFXODVGHiJXDFRQWLGDVQRVLVWHPDHPHQHUJLD TXtPLFD VHP TXH RFRUUD D SURGXomR GH JDVHV SROXHQWHVQRFLYRVDRPHLRDPELHQWH
Questão 66
3DUD H[SOLFar a DEVRUomR GH QXWULHQWHV EHP FRPR D
IXQomRGDVPLFURYLORVLGDGHVGDVPHPEUDQDVGDVFpOXODV TXHUHYHVWHPDVSDUHGHVLQWHUQDVGRLQWHVWLQRGHOJDGRXP HVWXGDQWHUHDOL]RXRVHJXLQWHH[SHULPHQWR
&RORFRXPƐGHiJXDHPGRLVUHFLSLHQWHV1RSULPHLUR UHFLSLHQWH PHUJXOKRX SRU VHJXQGRV XP SHGDoR GH SDSHOOLVRFRPRQD),*85$QRVHJXQGRUHFLSLHQWHIH]R PHVPRFRPXPSHGDoRGHSDSHOFRPGREUDVVLPXODQGRDV PLFURYLORVLGDGHVFRQIRUPH),*85$2VGDGRVREWLGRV IRUDPDTXDQWLGDGHGHiJXDDEVRUYLGDSHORSDSHOOLVRIRL GHPƐHQTXDQWRSHORSDSHOGREUDGRIRLGHPƐ
),*85$),*85$
GDVPLFURYLORVLGDGHVLQWHVWLQDLVFRPUHODomRjDEVRUomR GH QXWULHQWHV SHODV FpOXODV GDV SDUHGHV LQWHUQDV GR
intestino é a de
PDQWHURYROXPHGHDEVRUomR DXPHQWDUDVXSHUItFLHGHDEVRUomR GLPLQXLUDYHORFLGDGHGHDEVRUomR DXPHQWDURWHPSRGHDEVRUomR PDQWHUDVHOHWLYLGDGHQDDEVRUomR
Questão 67
O abastecimento de nossas necessidades energéticas
IXWXUDV GHSHQGHUi FHUWDPHQWH GR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH WHFQRORJLDV SDUD DSURYHLWDU D HQHUJLD VRODU FRP PDLRU H¿FLrQFLD $ HQHUJLD VRODU p D PDLRU IRQWH GH HQHUJLD PXQGLDO 1XP GLD HQVRODUDGR SRU H[HPSOR DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH N- GH HQHUJLD VRODU DWLQJH FDGD PHWURTXDGUDGRGDVXSHUItFLHWHUUHVWUHSRUVHJXQGR1R HQWDQWRRDSURYHLWDPHQWRGHVVDHQHUJLDpGLItFLOSRUTXH HODpGLOXtGDGLVWULEXtGDSRUXPDiUHDPXLWRH[WHQVDH RVFLODFRPRKRUiULRHDVFRQGLo}HVFOLPiWLFDV2XVR HIHWLYRGDHQHUJLDVRODUGHSHQGHGHIRUPDVGHHVWRFDUD HQHUJLDFROHWDGDSDUDXVRSRVWHULRU
%52:17Química a Ciência Central6mR3DXOR3HDUVRQ3UHQWLFH+DOO
$WXDOPHQWHXPDGDVIRUPDVGHVHXWLOL]DUDHQHUJLDVRODU WHPVLGRDUPD]HQiODSRUPHLRGHSURFHVVRVTXtPLFRV
endotérmicos que mais tarde podem ser revertidos para
OLEHUDU FDORU &RQVLGHUDQGR D UHDomR &+J + HOY +
FDORUU COJ + 3 HJHDQDOLVDQGRDFRPRSRWHQFLDO mecanismo para o aproveitamento posterior da energia
VRODUFRQFOXLVHTXHVHWUata de uma estratégia
inVDWLVIDWyULD SRLV D UHDomR DSUHVHQWDGD QmR
SHUPLWH TXH D HQHUJLD SUHVHQWH QR PHLR H[WHUQR VHMD DEVRUYLGD SHOR VLVWHPD SDUD VHU XWLOL]DGD SRVWHULRUPHQWH
LQVDWLVIDWyULD XPD YH] TXH Ki IRUPDomR GH JDVHV SROXHQWHV H FRP SRWHQFLDO SRGHU H[SORVLYR WRUQDQGRDXPDUHDomRSHULJRVDHGHGLItFLOFRQWUROH LQVDWLVIDWyULDXPDYH]TXHKiIRUPDomRGHJiV&2
TXHQmRSRVVXLFRQWH~GRHQHUJpWLFRSDVVtYHOGHVHU
aproveitado posteriormente e é considerado um gás
SROXHQWH
VDWLVIDWyULD XPD YH] TXH D UHDomR GLUHWD RFRUUH FRP DEVRUomR GH FDORU H SURPRYH D IRUPDomR GDV VXEVWkQFLDV FRPEXVWtYHLV TXH SRGHUmR VHU XWLOL]DGDVSRVWHULRUPHQWHSDUDREWHQomRGHHQHUJLD HUHDOL]DomRGHWUDEDOKR~WLO
Todos os organismos necessitam de água e grande
SDUWHGHOHVYLYHHPULRVODJRVHRFHDQRV2VSURFHVVRV ELROyJLFRV FRPR UHVSLUDomR H IRWRVVtQWHVH H[HUFHP SURIXQGDLQÀXrQFLD QDTXtPLFDGDViJXDVQDWXUDLVHP WRGRRSODQHWD2R[LJrQLRpDWRUGRPLQDQWHQDTXtPLFD H QD ELRTXtPLFD GD KLGURVIHUD 'HYLGR D VXD EDL[D VROXELOLGDGHHPiJXDPJƐD&DGLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH R[LJrQLR QRV HFRVVLVWHPDV DTXiWLFRV HVWDEHOHFH R OLPLWH HQWUH D YLGD DHUyELFD H DQDHUyELFD 1HVVH FRQWH[WRXPSDUkPHWURFKDPDGR'HPDQGD%LRTXtPLFD GH2[LJrQLR'%2IRLGH¿QLGRSDUDPHGLUDTXDQWLGDGH GH PDWpULD RUJkQLFD SUHVHQWH HP XP VLVWHPD KtGULFR $ '%2 FRUUHVSRQGH j PDVVD GH 2 HP PLOLJUDPDV QHFHVViULD SDUD UHDOL]DU D R[LGDomR WRWDO GR FDUERQR RUJkQLFRHPXPOLWURGHiJXD
%$,5'&Quimica Ambiental(G%RRNPDPDGDSWDGR
'DGRV0DVVDVPRODUHVHPJPRO& + 2 6XSRQKDTXHPJGHDo~FDUIyUPXODPtQLPD&+O
HPDVVDPRODULJXDODJPROVmRGLVVROYLGRVHPXP OLWURGHiJXDHPTXDQWRD'%2VHUiDXPHQWDGD"
0,4 mg de OOLWUR
PJGH2OLWUR PJGH2OLWUR PJGH2OLWUR PJGH2OLWUR
Rascunho
2 XVR SURORQJDGR GH OHQWHV GH FRQWDWR VREUHWXGR GXUDQWHDQRLWHDOLDGRDFRQGLo}HVSUHFiULDVGHKLJLHQH UHSUHVHQWDP IDWRUHV GH ULVFR SDUD R DSDUHFLPHQWR GH XPD LQIHFomR GHQRPLQDGD FHUDWLWH PLFURELDQD TXH FDXVD XOFHUDomR LQÀDPDWyULD GD FyUQHD 3DUD LQWHUURPSHU R SURFHVVR GD GRHQoD p QHFHVViULR WUDWDPHQWR DQWLELyWLFR 'H PRGR JHUDO RV IDWRUHV GH ULVFR SURYRFDP D GLPLQXLomR GD R[LJHQDomR FRUQHDQD H GHWHUPLQDP PXGDQoDV QR VHX PHWDEROLVPR GH XP HVWDGR DHUyELFR SDUD DQDHUyELFR &RPR GHFRUUrQFLD REVHUYDVHDGLPLQXLomRQRQ~PHURHQDYHORFLGDGHGH PLWRVHVGRHSLWpOLRRTXHSUHGLVS}HDRDSDUHFLPHQWRGH GHIHLWRVHSLWHOLDLVHjLQYDVmREDFWHULDQD
&5(67$)/HQWHGHFRQWDWRHLQIHFomRRFXODU Revista Sinopse de Oftalmologia.6mR 3DXOR0RUHLUD-UYQDGDSWDGR
$ LQVWDODomR GDV EDFWpULDV H R DYDQoR GR SURFHVVR LQIHFFLRVR QD FyUQHD HVWmR UHODFLRQDGRV D DOJXPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVJHUDLVGHVVHVPLFURUJDQLVPRVWDLVFRPR
$ JUDQGH FDSDFLGDGH GH DGDSWDomR FRQVLGHUDQGR DV FRQVWDQWHV PXGDQoDV QR DPELHQWH HP TXH VH UHSURGX]HPHRSURFHVVRDHUyELFRFRPRDPHOKRU RSomR GHVVHV PLFURUJDQLVPRV SDUD D REWHQomR GH HQHUJLD
$JUDQGHFDSDFLGDGHGHVRIUHUPXWDo}HVDXPHQWDQGR DSUREDELOLGDGHGRDSDUHFLPHQWRGHIRUPDVUHVLVWHQWHVH RSURFHVVRDQDHUyELFRGDIHUPHQWDomRFRPRDSULQFLSDO YLDGHREWHQomRGHHQHUJLD
$ GLYHUVLGDGH PRUIROyJLFD HQWUH DV EDFWpULDV
aumentando a variedade de tipos de agentes
LQIHFFLRVRV H D QXWULomR KHWHURWUy¿FD FRPR IRUPD
de esses microrganismos obterem matéria-prima e
HQHUJLD
2DOWRSRGHUGHUHSURGXomRDXPHQWDQGRDYDULDELOLGDGH JHQpWLFD GRV PLOKDUHV GH LQGLYtGXRV H D QXWULomR KHWHURWUy¿FDFRPR~QLFDIRUPDGHREWHQomRGHPDWpULD SULPDHHQHUJLDGHVVHVPLFURUJDQLVPRV
2DOWRSRGHUGHUHSURGXomRRULJLQDQGRPLOKDUHVGH
descendentes geneticamente idênticos entre si e a
GLYHUVLGDGH PHWDEyOLFD FRQVLGHUDQGR SURFHVVRV DHUyELFRVHDQDHUyELFRVSDUDDREWHQomRGHHQHUJLD