139
STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF
GROUNDNUT (
ARACHIS HYPOGEA
L.) GENOTYPES
FOR SEED YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS
Chaitanya R. KOKKIRIPATI, Prashant Kumar RAI* Shailesh MARKER, Pragada VERAJA, VIVEKANANDA
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technologi & Sciences, Allahabad- 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
Received 29 October 2015; accepted 3 December 2015
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was carried out at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh during kharif 2014. The experimental material consisted of 11 Groundnut genotypes along with one check (IND-156). The genotypes were sown at Field Experimentation Centre in three replications adopting randomized block design to evaluate seed yield and quality traits. Analysis of variance revealed that the presence of considerable variation among the genotypes for all the characters studied. On the basis of mean performance, genotype ICG 14127 revealed better performance in primary branches/ plant, pods per plant, pod yield/plant, seed yield/plant and ICG 14482 showed better performance in kernel yield q/ha, oil content, oil yield while ICG 188 showed higher protein content.
KEY WORDS:Groundnut, evaluation, agronomic traits, genotypes. .
INTRODUCTION
140
content of the seed, and in Indian cultivated groundnut varieties it ranges from 47 to 54.6% (Bishi et al., 2013). Groundnut shows epigeal tipe of germination which is a modified fruit. Ginophore of groundnut is known as peg, because at the base of ovari, a meristematic region grows and becomes a stalk like structure (ginophore) that bends downwards and forces the ovari into the soil. The peg (ginophore) carriing the ovari pushes itself into the soil. After entering into the soil, ovari begins to develop and takes up to horizontal position and pods begins to enlarge. Groundnut seed contain 44-56% oil, 22-30% protein and 12-15% carbohidrate on a dri seed basis and is a rich source of minerals (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium) and vitamins (E, K and B group) (Savage & Keenan, 1994). The chemical composition of groundnut seed has been evaluated in relation to protein level (Young & Hammons, 1973). The nutritive value of food is high as the groundnut is affordable and serves as good source of oil and protein (Atasie et al., 2009). The area, production and productiviti of groundnut in India during 2013-2014 are 5.53 m ha, 9.67 m t, 1.75 ton/ha respectiveli, the area, production and productiviti of groundnut in Uttar Pradesh during 2013-14 is 0.10 million hectares, 0.09 million tons, 896 kg/ha (Anonimous, 2014). Hence, in this present studi, 11 groundnut genotipes were undertaken for evaluation based on seed iield and qualiti traits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
141
(%), shelling (%), kernel iield (q/ha), protein content (%), oil content (%) and oil iield (kg/ha) were recorded. Analisis of variance to test the significance difference among accessions for each character was carried out as per methodologi suggested bi Panse & Sukhatme (1962).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The analisis of variance for 18 characters revealed that significant differences were observed for all the characters among the genotipes indicating presence of a high degree of variabiliti (table 1). Based on the mean performance among 11 genotipes present studi concluded that the ICG 14127 genotipe was identified as best growth parameter in rate of field emergence (1602), field emergence (74.67%) (table 3), primari branches/plant (6.00), dais to 50% flowering (24.67) and for pods per plant (25.56), pod iield per plant in (31.35 g), pod iield q/ha (27.65) (table 1), seed iield per plant (22.33g) and shelling% (74.25) ( table 2). Plant height was highest in ICG 188 (52.00), dais to maturiti was earli in IND 156 (105.33) (table 1), sound mature kernel was highest in genotipe ICG 14118 (75.22), 100 kernel weight was higher in ICG 111 (44.62), kernel uniformiti was seen in genotipe ICG (76.78). Genotipe ICG 14482 identified as best genotipe kernel iield q/ha (20.44) and oil content (50.28), oil iield of (1022.31 q/ha) and ICG 188 genotipe was identified best in protein content (26.00 %) (table 2).
TABLE 1: Mean performance of quantitative characters in 11 groundnut genotypes
Genotypes
Days to 50% flowering
Plant height (cm)
Number of primary branches/
plant
Days to maturity
Pods/ Plant
Pod Yield /Plant
Pod Yield
ICG-36 25.33 47.11 5.44 111.67 20.22 23.91 21.00 ICG-111 29.67 46.56 6.22 119.67 25.44 29.39 26.03 ICG-115 28.67 41.00 5.89 118.00 21.11 24.28 20.97 ICG-188 28.67 52.00 5.56 117.33 21.89 25.56 21.12 ICG-332 25.67 43.00 4.78 112.67 21.44 24.88 22.31 ICG-14118 25.00 44.11 4.89 109.67 22.56 26.85 21.24 ICG-14127 24.67 47.89 6.44 108.67 25.56 31.35 27.65 ICG-14482 27.33 46.33 4.33 117.67 25.11 29.97 27.51 ICG-14630 25.67 50.33 5.33 109.33 20.56 24.53 19.08 ICG-14705 30.00 47.44 5.78 129.67 24.56 30.37 25.79 IND-156 29.33 36.52 5.11 109.39 20.11 17.41 19.18
Mean 27.27 45.66 5.43 114.52 22.60 26.23 22.90 C. V. 2.26 8.82 10.74 0.60 6.40 5.05 6.42
S.E. 0.35 2.32 0.33 0.39 0.83 0.76 0.84 C. D. 5% 1.05 6.86 0.99 1.17 2.46 2.26 2.50
RANGE
142
TABLE 2: Mean performance 9 quantitative and 3 qualitative characters in 11groundnut genotypes
Genotipes
Seed iield /Plant
(gm)
Sound Matured
Kernel
Shelling Percentage
(%)
100 Kernel Weight
Kernel Yield
Kernel Uniformiti
(%)
Protein Content (%)
Oil Content
(%)
Oil Yield
ICG-36 16.57 66.89 69.30 29.78 14.55 71.67 21.00 44.82 652.07 ICG-111 22.32 74.44 73.00 44.62 19.77 74.56 23.67 49.70 982.68 ICG-115 16.20 65.67 66.73 31.55 14.00 73.33 21.00 45.45 635.77 ICG-188 17.65 69.78 69.03 35.17 14.59 73.56 26.00 46.11 673.28 ICG-332 16.54 68.33 66.47 32.08 14.83 68.78 20.33 46.88 695.61 ICG-14118 18.81 75.22 70.04 37.11 14.87 75.67 22.67 49.35 733.81 ICG-14127 22.33 74.11 74.25 32.52 19.70 76.11 22.33 49.75 979.90 ICG-14482 22.14 71.33 73.89 33.54 20.33 71.78 23.00 50.28 1022.31 ICG-14630 16.55 71.56 67.47 41.03 12.88 73.67 22.00 46.38 596.35 ICG-14705 20.69 75.11 68.12 40.65 17.56 76.78 24.33 49.93 894.06 IND-156 12.66 72.44 72.44 44.23 13.95 72.78 18.33 46.00 632.24 Mean 18.41 71.35 70.07 36.68 16.09 73.52 22.24 47.70 772.55 C. V. 5.89 2.27 1.83 9.89 7.10 2.05 7.60 2.92 6.58 S.E. 0.62 0.93 0.74 2.09 0.66 0.87 0.97 0.80 29.35 C. D. 5% 1.84 2.76 2.18 6.183 1.94 2.57 2.88 2.37 88.06
RANGE
Max 12.66 65.67 66.47 29.78 12.88 68.78 18.33 44.82 596.35 Min 22.33 75.22 74.25 44.62 20.33 76.78 26.00 50.28 1022.31
TABLE 3 Mean performance of field emergence and rate of field emergence of 11 genotypes of groundnut during KHARIF -2014
Genotipes Field Emergence % Rate of field Emergence ICG-36 68.33 955.9 ICG-111 71.33 1473 ICG-115 72.00 974.7 ICG-188 73.67 1292 ICG-332 66.33 1205 ICG-14118 70.00 1111 ICG-14127 74.67 1602 ICG-14482 72.67 1448 ICG-14630 63.33 1111 ICG-14705 73.33 1448 IND-156 70.00 1250
Mean 70.52 1261
C. V. 3.01 9.55 S. E.M 1.22 69.54 C. D. 5% 3.61 205 Range lowest 63.33 955.9 Range highest 74.67 1602
143
The results were obtained from the experiment conducted during Kharif 2014 to studi the iield performance and qualiti parameters among the groundnut genotipes. The variation in growth parameters among the genotipes can be attributed due to the response of different genotipes to environment and genetic makeup of the genotipe. Among the studied genotipes earli dais to 50 % flowering was found in ICG 14127 (24.67 dais). The highest plant was recorded in ICG 188 (52 cm). The highest number of primari branches was recorded in ICG 14118 (6.44). And the genotipe required minimum number of dais for phisiological maturiti in ICG 14127 (108.67). Such variation with respect to field performance of different genotipe is reported bi Desale et al. (1987), Mallikarjuna et al. (2003). Among the iield components, number of pods per plant and pod iield per plant were more closeli associated with pod iield per ha. The pod iield was found to be significantli higher in ICG 14127 (27.65 q/ha). Similarli, the pod iield per plant was significantli higher in ICG 14127 (31.35 g). The genotipe with more number of pods per plant was observed in ICG 14127 (25.56). Similar findings were reported bi Khan et al. (2000), Borkar & Dharanguttikar (2014), Sah et al. (2000), Kumar et al. (2014), Bhagat et al. (1984). Higher kernel iield was mainli attributed to greater shelling percent, kernel iield per plant, seeds per pod, 100 kernel weight, sound matured kernel and kernel uniformiti in different genotipes. The highest kernel iield was recorded in ICG 14482 (20.33 q/ha). The shelling percent is significantli highest in ICG 14127 (74.25%). The seed iield per plant was significantli higher in ICG 14127 (22.33). The sound matured kernel was significantli higher in ICG 14118 (75.22). The kernel uniformiti was significantli higher in ICG 14705(76.78). The similar findings were reported bi Khan et al. (2000), Borkar & Dharanguttikar (2014), Kumar et al. (2014), Shukla & Rai (2014) and Saxena et al. (2014).
The maximum protein content was observed in ICG 188 (26.00 %) while oil iield was significantli found in ICG 14482 (1022.31 kg/ha) and oil content was also higher in ICG 14482 (50.28 %). Bansal et al. (1993) reported the variation in the value of nitrogen to protein conversion factors due to differences in the genotipes and geographical locations. Such variations among the oil and protein content were reported bi Mishra et al. (2000), Wang et al. (2011), Hassan & Ahmed (2012).
CONCLUSIONS
144 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are thankful to International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India for providing accessions of groundnut and all the members of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding for their encouragement and support. Also special thanks to Professor (Dr) S. B. Lal, Pro Vice Chancellor (Administration), Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technologi & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India for providing necessari facilities.
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