Int J Anat Res 2015, 3(3):1249-51. ISSN 2321-4287 1249 Original Article
SEXUAL DIM ORPHISM OF CLAVI CLE IN SOU TH I N DIAN
POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Bindhu.S *
1,Blessina Sugandhy
2.
ABSTRACT
Address for Correspondence: Dr. Bindhu.S, Associat e Professor, Depart m ent of Anat omy, Yenepoya M edical College, Yenepoya Universit y, M angalore, Karnat ka, India.
E-M ail: [email protected]
* 1 Associat e Professor,Depart m ent of Anat omy, Yenepoya M edical College,Yenepoya Universit y,
M angalore, India.
2 Final year PG st udent , Depart m ent of Anat omy, Yenepoya M edical College,Yenepoya Universit y,
M angalore, India.
Int roduction:Est im at ion of sex is t he ground for an exact ident ificat ion of unknow n hum an skelet al elem ent s. M et hods for sex assessm ent are based on t he exist ence of m orphological feat ures in t he skelet on t hat m anif est dif ferent ly accor ding t o sex or st at ist ical differences in skelet al m easurem ent s. Due t o t he specif ic pat t ern of ont ogeny and age r elat ed changes of st erna art icular surface dur ing adult hood t he clavicle is w idely used in t he est im at ion of sex at deat h and in living people.
Objectives:To evolve an easi ly applied for m ula t o enable t he assessm ent of sex in unknow n clavicles and t o docum ent t he com parat ive differ ences bet w een right and left clavicles by using m et rical param et ers.
M aterials and M ethods:The cross sect ional st udy w as conduct ed in t he depart m ent of Anat omy, Yenepoya M edical college, M angalore. The present st udy w as conduct ed in 50 adult dry clavicle.M axim um clavicu lar lengt h, m axim um breadt h of st er na end ,m axim um breadt h of acrom ial end and acrom ial surface area w er e m easured by digit al caliper and ost eom et ric board.
Results:The m axim um lengt h of clavicle () w as st at ist ically significant w hen com pared w it h t he clavicle of fem ales. The ot her values like breadt h of st ernal end, breadt h of acr om ial end and acrom ial surface area w ere great er in m ales w hen com pared t o f em ales.
Conclusion:Det erm inat ion of sex t he clavicle has a gr eat m edicolegal im port ance t o t he forensic people. And it also help t he ort hopedic im plant m anufact ures and ort hopedic sur geons t o decide cor rect size and shape of plat es and int ram edullary nails for clavicular fract ures in open reduct ion m et hod.
KEY W ORDS:Clavicle, Acrom ion, Ost eom et ric board, Digital Caliper.
INTRODUCTION
Int ernat ional Journal of Ana tomy and Research,
Int J Anat Res 2015, Vol 3(3):1249-51. ISSN 2321- 4287 DOI: ht t p:/ / dx.doi.org/10.16965/ ijar.2015.204
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Received: 24 Jun 2015 Accept ed: 20 Jul 2015 Peer Review : 24 Jun 2015 Published (O):02 Aug 2015 Revised: None Published (P):30 Sep 2015
Int ernat ional Journal of Anat om y and Research ISSN 2321-4287
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DOI: 10.16965/ ijar.2015.204
Det erm inat ion of sex is t he ground for an exact id ent if i cat ion of un kno w n hum an skelet al elem ent s. Earlier st udies suggest t hat t he pelvic bones show sexual dim orphism t o a great er degree t han any ot her bone, and t he hum an clavicle show s t he least [1]. Est im at ion of age
Int J Anat Res 2015, 3(3):1249-51. ISSN 2321-4287 1250 Bindhu.S, Bl essina Sugandhy. SEXUAL DIM ORPHISM OF CLAVICLE IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.
M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS
RESULTS
The hum an clavicle is a long bone w it h a shaft and t w o ends. The lat eral end of it w ill art iculat e w it h acrom ion process of scapula and f orm acrom io clavicular joint . The acrom io clavicular joint is t he only connect ion of t he scapula t o t he t runk; ot herw ise it at t aches only by m uscles. Bot h clavicle and scapula are very im port ant elem ent s for m ovem ent s of t he upper lim b and t hor asic cage. The com plet e ossif icat ion of clavicle t akes place at t he age 29 years [2]. The pur pose of t his st udy is t o evolve an easily applied formula t o enable t he assessm ent of sex in unknow n clavicles and t o docum ent t he com parat ive differences bet w een right and left clavicles by using m et rical param et ers.
This cross sect ional st udy has been conduct ed at t h e Dep ar t m en t o f anat om y, Yen epo ya M edical College, M angalore. Tot al num ber of 50 dry clavicles (25 m ale and 25 f em ale) w ere collect ed based on t he dat a regist ry of t he depart m ent . Clavicles show ing any pat hology w ere excluded. The m axim um lengt h in cm w as measured wit h t he help of an ost eomet ric board. M axim um breadt h of st ernal end and acrom ial end was m easured by a digit al caliper. Surface area of acrom ial end w as m easured and t hese m easurement s w ere com pared.
St at ist ical analysis has been done by using descript ive st at ist ics by st udent s t t est and p value is considered as <0.001.
Parameters M ale Female p-value
M aximum length of clavicle(cm) 14.43± 0.72 12.8±1.01 0.0001*
M aximum breadth of sternal end 2.07±0.29 1.92±0.32 0.09
M aximum breadth of acromial end 0.97±0.29 0.88±0.28 0.28
M aximum length of acromial end 1.87±.37 1.85±.43 0.86
Surface area of acromial end. 1.86±.72 1.6±.53 0.17
Table 1:Show ing t he various clavicular m easurem ent s in m ale and fem ale.
* st at i st i cal l y si gn i f i cant .
Parameters Right male Right fem ale Left m ale Left female
M axim um length of clavicle(cm) 14.19± 0.76 12.72±0.89 14.54± 0.72 12.9±1.16
M axim um breadth of st ernal end (cm) 2.25±0.27 1.98±0.31 1.98±0.23 1.29±1.16
M axim um breadth of acromial end(cm ) 0.97±.25 0.85±0.11 1.02±0.38 1.1±0.66
M axim um length of acromial end(cm ) 2.01±.32 1.82±.45 1.85±0.39 1.9±.42
Surface area of acromial end.(cm2) 1.95±.62 1.56±.46 1.94±0.90 1.80±0.83
Table 2: Show ing t he v ar i o u s cl avi cu l ar m easurem ent s in right and lef t clavicles. DISCUSSION
-Int J Anat Res 2015, 3(3):1249-51. ISSN 2321-4287 1251 Bindhu.S, Bl essina Sugandhy. SEXUAL DIM ORPHISM OF CLAVICLE IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.
CONCLUSION
Conflicts of Interests: None
REFERENCES
-nt s of m ale clavicle are great er t han fem ale. By m easuring m axim um lengt h of clavicle, w e can assess t he sex and side.
The present st udy concludes t hat t he sex of a hum an body can be det erm ined using clavicular m easurem ent s w it h high relat ive accuracy. And it also help t he ort hopedic im plant m anufa-ct ures and ort hopedic surgeons t o decide correanufa-ct size and shape of plat es and int ram edullary nails f or clavicu lar f r act ur es in open r educt ion method.
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
W e exp ress o u r si n cer e gr at it u d e t o Dr.R.Avadhani, HOD, Dept .of Anat omy, Yenepoya M edical College, M angalore for his support t o carry over t his st udy.
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