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Marvila/Beato. Preliminary Study

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PRELIMINARY

STUDY

Document  produced  for  the  Horizon  2020  project  ‘ROCK’.  

Year:  2018.  Status:  Final.  DisseminaEon  Level:  Public.    

Alberto Barcón

Institute of Social Sciences

University of Lisbon

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CONTEXTUAL FRAMEWORK: ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE PARISHES OF MARVILA AND BEATO. ... 1

 

ANALYSIS OF THE ROCK AREA: MAIN SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. ... 11

 

CONCLUSIONS ... 19

   

   

MAP  1.  LOCATION  OF  THE  NEIGHBOURHOODS  OF  THE  ROCK  AREA  AND  THE  PARISHES  OF  

MARVILA  AND  BEATO  IN  LISBON   __________________________________________________   1    

FIGURE  1.  POPULATION  OF  THE  PARISHES  OF  BEATO  AND  MARVILA  ____________________________   2   FIGURE  2.  POPULATION  PYRAMID  OF  LISBON  (2011)  _________________________________________   3   FIGURE  3.  POPULATION  PYRAMID  OF  THE  PARISH  OF  BEATO  (2011)   ____________________________   3   FIGURE  4.  POPULATION  PYRAMID  OF  THE  PARISH  OF  MARVILA  (2011)   __________________________   3   FIGURE  5.  POPULATION  BY  PARISH  AND  AGE  GROUP  (2011)  ___________________________________   4   TABLE  I.  DIFFERENT  SOCIAL  INDICATORS  (2011)  _____________________________________________   4   FIGURE  6.  NUMBER  OF  FAMILY  UNIT  MEMBERS  BY  PARISH  (2011)  ______________________________   5   FIGURE  7.  ACADEMIC  LEVEL  COMPLETED  BY  PARISH  (2011)  ___________________________________   6   FIGURE  8.  SUMMARY  OF  THE  MAIN  CHARACTERISTICS  BY  PARISH  (2011)   ________________________   6   FIGURE  9.  MODE  OF  HOUSING  TENURE  BY  PARISH  (2011)  _____________________________________   7   FIGURE  10.  HISTORICAL  TREND  OF  BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  BY  PARISH  (2011)   __________________   7   FIGURE  11.  NUMBER  OF  FLOORS  PER  BUILDING  BY  PARISH  (2011)  ______________________________   8   FIGURE  12.  DIMENSION  (M2)  OF  HOUSING  (2011)  ___________________________________________   9   FIGURE  13.  CLASSIFICATION  OF  NUMBER  OF  ROOMS  PER  DWELLING  BY  PARISH  (2011)  _____________   9   FIGURE  14.  RESIDENT  POPULATION  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)   _____________________________   11   FIGURE  15.  POPULATION  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  AND  AGE  GROUP  (2011)   _______________________   12   FIGURE  16.  NUMBER  OF  FAMILY  UNIT  MEMBERS  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)   __________________   12   FIGURE  17.  ACADEMIC  LEVELS  COMPLETED  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)  _______________________   13   FIGURE  18.  MODE  OF  HOUSING  TENURE  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)   _________________________   14   FIGURE  19.  HISTORICAL  TREND  OF  BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)  ________   15   FIGURE  20.  NUMBER  OF  FLOORS  PER  BUILDING  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)   ___________________   16   FIGURE  21.  DIMENSION  (M2)  OF  HOUSING  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)  ________________________   16   FIGURE  22.  CLASSIFICATION  OF  NUMBER  OF  ROOMS  PER  DWELLING  BY  NEIGHBOURHOOD  (2011)   __   18    

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0 1,5 3Kms

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Map   1.   Location   of   the   neighbourhoods   of   the   ROCK   area   and   the   parishes   of   Marvila   and   Beato  in  Lisbon  

Contextual

Framework:

Analysis

of

the

Main

Sociodemographic and Morphological Characteristics of the

Parishes of Marvila and Beato.

 

The  present  analysis  seeks  to  develop  a  local  diagnosis  of  the  intervention  area  of  the  ROCK   project  (Regeneration  and  Optimisation  of  Cultural  heritage  in  creative  and  Knowledge  cities),   located  in  the  parishes  of  Marvila  and  Beato  in  the  city  of  Lisbon  (see  Map  1).  

The   area   in   question   will   be   called   the   "Área   ROCK",   and   will   cover   the   following   neighbourhoods:  

Parish  of  Marvila:  Alfinetes,  M.  de  Abrantes,  Prodac,  Condado-­‐Zona  J,  Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha,   Salgas  e  Quinta  do  Chalé.    

Parish  of  Beato:  Beato  (Sul)    

               

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha   Beato  (Sul)   Condado-­‐Zona  J   Prodac   Alfinetes   Salgadas   M.  de     Abrantes   Quinta   do  Chalé  

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Note:  the  shaded  area  of  green  corresponds  to  the  parish  of  Marvila,  and  the  mauve  to  that  of  Beato.  

We   will   begin   by   establishing   a   small   approach   to   the   sociodemographic   reality   of   both   parishes  to  have  a  global  view  of  the  socio-­‐geographical  structure  that  fits  our  area  of  analysis.   At  first  glance,  we  can  see  at  the  Fig.  1  that  both  parishes  have  been  decreasing  in  population   from   1991   to   2011.   In   that   year,   the   parish   of   Beato   was   2.3%   of   the   population   of   Lisbon   (which  exceeds  half  a  million  in  2011),  while  that  of  Marvila  reaches  7%.  

Figure  1.  Population  of  the  parishes  of  Beato  and  Marvila  

 

The  most  severe  population  drop  takes  place  in  Beato,  where  the  average  annual  growth  rate   is   -­‐1,35%   between   2001   and   2011   and-­‐1,69%   since   1991.   Marvila,   on   the   other   hand,   has   managed   to   reduce   this   decrease   a   little   in   recent   years   (-­‐0,17%   and   -­‐1,13%,   respectively),   losing   less   population   than   the   general   average   of   Lisbon   (-­‐0,30%).   That   is,   the   loss   of   population  is  deeper  and  lasting  in  Beato.      

Regarding   the   way   this   population   is   configured,   it   should   be   noted,   firstly,   that   the   municipality  of  Lisbon  registers  an  alarming  number  of  women  over  75  years  of  age  (see  Fig.   2).   This   tendency   is   reproduced   practically   under   the   same   parameters   in   the   case   of   Beato   (see   Fig.   3).   Marvila,   on   the   other   hand,   has   a   less   regressive   and   more   homogeneous   demographic  composition  (see  Fig.  4).  It  should  be  noted,  moreover,  that  the  distribution  by   gender  is  fairly  balanced  in  the  case  of  parishes,  having  the  female  gender  a  greater  weight  in   the  case  of  the  municipality  of  Lisbon.  

      0   10000   20000   30000   40000   50000   60000   Marvila   Beato   1991   2001   2011  

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-­‐800   -­‐600   -­‐400   -­‐200   0   200   400   600   800   1000   1200   <10   15-­‐19   25-­‐29   35-­‐39   45-­‐49   55-­‐59   65-­‐69   >75   Homens   Mulheres    Men    Women   -­‐30000   -­‐20000   -­‐10000   0   10000   20000   30000   40000   50000   <10   15-­‐19   25-­‐29   35-­‐39   45-­‐49   55-­‐59   65-­‐69   >75   Homens   Mulheres    Men    Women   -­‐2000   -­‐1500   -­‐1000   -­‐500   0   500   1000   1500   2000   2500   <10   15-­‐19   25-­‐29   35-­‐39   45-­‐49   55-­‐59   65-­‐69   >75   Homens   Mulheres    Men    Women  

Figure  2.  Population  Pyramid  of  Lisbon  (2011)  

Figure  3.  Population  pyramid  of  the  parish  of  Beato  (2011)  

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We   also   analysed   the   average   ages   of   each   area,   so   that   the   parish   of   Beato   exceeds,   with   45.52  years,  the  general  average  of  the  municipality  of  Lisbon  (44.44  years),  while  Marvila  has   a  mean  age  well  below  (42.12  years),  which  confirms  a  structure  less  aged  than  the  other  two   areas  of  analysis.  

Figure  5.  Population  by  parish  and  age  group  (2011)  

   

In   short,   the   parishes   of   Beato   and   Marvila   have   a   slightly   aging   social   structure   with   low   relative  weight  of  women  compared  to  the  municipal  trend  (see  Fig.  5).  Marvila  has  a  younger   composition   while   Beato   shows   a   slightly   more   regressive   progression.   These   data   are   also   confirmed  by  observing  the  aging  index  or  the  economic  depend  rate.      

Table  I.  Different  social  indicators1  by  parish  (2011)  

  Aging  

index   Average  age  

Economic   dependency   rate  

School  

dropout  rate1   Unemployment  rate2  

Single-­‐parent   families   without  any   academic  level   Lisboa   185,8%   44,44%   58.18%   1,81%*   11,76%   6,3%   Beato   217,1%   45,52%   62.45%   2,89%   16,57%   8,6%   Marvila   135,0%   42,12%   48.14%   2,09%*   16,72%   11,8%  

1. Data  updated  in  August  2015  

2. Data  updated  in  January  2016  

                                                                                                                         

1   Aging   index:   Expresses   the   relationship   between   the   number   of   older   adults   and   the   number   of   children  and  young  people.  

Economic  dependency  rate:  proportion  of  dependents  (persons  under  16  or  over  64)  over  the  working-­‐ Economic  dependency  rate:  proportion  of  dependents  (persons  under  16  or  over  64)  over  the  working-­‐ age  population  (between  16  and  64  years).    

0.0   10.0   20.0   30.0   40.0   50.0   60.0  

Beato    

Marvila    

Área  ROCK  

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We  can  see  in  Table  I,  that  school  dropout  is  high  in  both  parishes,  especially  in  Beato  waiting   to   get   an   update   of   the   data.   The   unemployment   rate   is   equally   high   in   the   two   areas   compared   to   the   municipal   average.   And,   finally,   the   percentage   of   single-­‐parent   families   without   any   type   of   academic   study   is   significantly   above   the   general   average   of   Lisbon,   especially   in   the   case   of   Marvila.   That   is,   these   indicators   outline   two   areas   with   important   social  problems  in  terms  of  unemployment,  school  dropout  and  family  planning.  

At   the   level   of   the   parish,   families   consisting   mainly   of   small   nuclei,   from   1   to   2   people,   especially  in  the  case  of  the  Beato,  which  exceeds  the  municipal  average.  On  the  other  hand,   Marvila   presents   a   more   balanced   relation   and   a   greater   percentage   of   classic   families   composed  by  3  or  4  people  (see  Fig.  6).    

 

Figure  6.  Number  of  family  unit  members  by  parish  (2011)  

   

As   for   the   educational   level   (see   Fig.   7),   both   parishes   are   above   the   municipal   average   in   terms  of  population  that  does  not  read  or  write.  Of  course,  the  ROCK  area  also  exceeds  the   general  percentage  of  the  municipality  of  Lisbon.  

Similarly,   the   parishes   -­‐and   the   ROCK   area-­‐   exceed   the   municipal   average   in   the   population   with  basic  education  completed  in  any  of  the  three  cycles  that  comprise  it.  That  is,  we  face  a   general  scope  with  a  low  level  of  academic  education  in  relation  to  the  general  average  of  the   municipality   of   Lisbon.   The   population   of   the   parishes/ROCK   area   has   mainly   and   at   a   much   higher  percentage  than  the  municipal  average,  studies  up  to  the  secondary  level.  

Of   course,   the   percentage   of   the   population   with   secondary   or   post-­‐secondary   education   is   progressively  lower  than  what  we  can  find  at  the  municipal  level.  The  difference  is  spectacular   in  relation  to  "Higher  Education",  especially  if  we  compare  the  ROCK  area  with  the  municipality   of  Lisbon,  whose  difference  is  21  percentage  points.  

 

0%   10%   20%   30%   40%   50%   60%   70%   80%   90%   100%   Lisboa  

Beato     Marvila    

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Figure  7.  Academic  level  completed  by  parish  (2011)  

 

Next,  we  will  outline  the  main  characteristics  of  the  parishes  of  Beato  and  Marvila  in  relation   to  their  constructive  activity.  In  Figure  8,  we  can  see  how  Marvila,  with  a  smaller  number  of   buildings,  has  a  series  of  lodgings  and,  consequently,  of  families  and  individuals,  much  superior   to  those  of  Beato.  These  data  may  suggest  notable  differences  in  the  type  of  construction  that   exists  in  both  parishes.  Possibly,  the  buildings  in  Marvila  are  characterized  by  a  greater  height   that  allows  to  house  a  greater  number  of  houses.  

Figure  8.  Summary  of  the  main  characteristics  by  parish  (2011)  

  0   5   10   15   20   25   30   35  

Lisbon   Beato   Marvila     Área  ROCK   Do  not  read  or  write   1st  Cycle  of  Basic  Educanon   2nd  Cycle  of  Basic  Educanon   3rd  Cycle  of  Basic  Educanon   High  school   Post-­‐Secondary  Educanon   Higher  educanon   0   5000   10000   15000   20000   25000   30000   35000   40000  

Buildings   Housings   Families   People   Beato   Marvila  

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The   pattern   of   ownership   regime   in   both   parishes   is   very   similar   (see   Fig.   9),   balancing   the   number   of   rented   accommodation   with   those   occupied   by   the   owner.   In   any   case,   rent   accommodation   has   more   weight,   in   both   areas,   than   those   dwellings   that   inhabit   the   property.  

 

Figure  9.  Mode  of  housing  tenure  by  parish  (2011)  

 

If  we  analyse  the  constructive  periodicity  in  each  of  the  areas  (see  Fig.  10),  we  see  how  the   buildings   located   in   the   parish   of   Beato   are   older   than   those   of   Marvila.   Concretely,   the   constructive  activity  of  the  Beato  is  concentrated  in  the  period  between  half  of  the  last  century   and   decade   of   1970,   date   in   which   the   activity   decays   considerably.   On   the   contrary,   the   number   of   buildings   in   Marvila   was   gradually   increasing   since   the   mid-­‐twentieth   century,   reaching   its   peak   activity   from   the   1970s.   In   both   cases,   the   construction   of   new   buildings   declined  at  the  turn  of  the  century.  

Figure  10.  Historical  trend  of  building  construction  by  parish  (2011)  

  31.3   36.7   22.8   37.4   44.5   55.5   31.3   18.8   21.7   0%   10%   20%   30%   40%   50%   60%   70%   80%   90%   100%   Beato     Marvila     Área  ROCK  

Owner-­‐occupied  dwelling   Rented  housing   Others  

0   10   20   30   40   50   60    before  1919   1919-­‐1945   1946-­‐1970   1971-­‐1990   1991-­‐2000   aoer  2001   Lisboa     Beato     Marvila   Área  ROCK  

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Finally,   we   will   briefly   analyse   only   the   main   characteristics   that   make   up   the   average   residential  area  of  the  two  parishes  and,  in  the  case  of  available  data,  the  ROCK  area.  

In  Figure  11,  it  can  be  seen  how  the  buildings  are  noticeably  larger  in  number  of  floors  (5  or   more)  in  Marvila  than  in  Beato.  This  confirms  the  hypothesis  suggested  above,  that  is,  the  high   number   of   houses   in   Marvila,   compared   with   Beato,   it   is   explained   by   the   high   blocks   of   existing  buildings.    

However,   in   Marvila   the   number   of   buildings   of   only   1   and   2   floors   and   of   5   or   more   is   the   same,   which   suggests   the   coexistence   of   two   parallel   and,   to   some   extent,   complementary,   construction  models.  On  the  one  hand,  the  significant  number  of  buildings  of  5  or  more  floors   agrees  with  the  greater  modernity  of  the  real  estate  stock  compared  to  the  Beato  and  already   observed   in   Figure   9.   However,   this   context   coexists   with   another   type   of   construction,   possibly   old   and   previous   to   the   1970s,   which   shows   a   different   morphology   and   possibly   associated   with   other   socioeconomic   characteristics.   In   the   particular   case   of   Beato,   the   buildings  are  mostly  small  in  height  (1-­‐2  floors).  This  fact  is  explained  largely  by  the  age  of  the   housing  stock.  

     

Of  course,  the  fact  that  the  housing  stock  of  Marvila  be  more  modern  than  the  Beato's  implies   to  assume  that  has  better  characteristics  in  terms  of  size  (see  Figure  12).  The  houses  below  50   square  meters  clearly  predominate  in  Beato,  while  the  percentage  of  houses  in  the  100-­‐200   meter  range  is  quite  scarce.    

Both  types  of  housing  are  differentiated  from  the  pattern  developed  by  the  other  areas,  where   the  dimension  of  housing  is  broader  in  general,  especially  in  relation  to  the  Lisbon  average.  

39   65   46   31   22   9   30   13   46   0%   10%   20%   30%   40%   50%   60%   70%   80%   90%   100%   Lisboa   Beato   Marvila  

1-­‐2  floors   3-­‐4  floors   5  or  more  floors  

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Finally,  and  in  coherence  with  the  above  mentioned,  we  verified  how  the  number  of  divisions   of   each   floor   is   different   between   the   two   parishes   (see   Fig.   13).   In   the   case   of   Beato,   and   confirming  the  data  that  point  to  the  fact  that,  in  a  generalized  way,  the  houses  have  smaller   dimensions,  the  predominant  number  of  divisions  is  of  3-­‐4.  However,  in  Marvila  most  of  the   dwellings  have  4-­‐5  divisions.  

  13   65   22   0  

Marvila  

até  50m2   50  a  100m2   101  a  200m2   sup  200m2   17   49   31   4  

Lisboa  

até  50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2    sup  200  m2   17   66   17   0  

Área  Rock  

até  50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2    sup  200  m2   30   54   14   1  

Beato  

até  50m2   50  a  100m2   101  a  200m2   sup  200m2  

Figure  12.  Dimension  (m2)  of  housing  (2011)  

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52   47   2  

Marvila  

5  ou  +  divisões   3  a  4  divisões   1  a  2  divisões  

31  

62   7  

Beato  

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ANALYSIS OF THE ROCK AREA: MAIN SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC

AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.

 

Next,   we   will   analyse   the   so-­‐called   "ROCK   area",   which   covers   these   neighbourhoods,   or   specific   subareas   within   them,   that   are   the   scope   of   the   research   project   study.   We   must   clarify,  previously,  that  this  brief  analysis  is  made  based  on  the  statistical  data  obtained  for  the   year   2011.   It   has   been   impossible   to   obtain   official   data   at   this   level   of   territorial   disaggregation  in  relation  to  other  censuses  (1991  and  2001).    

The  search  and  management  of  statistical  data,  together  with  an  earlier  cartographic  analysis,   allowed   us   to   break   parishes   at   the   level   of   the   subsection.   In   this   way,   it   was   possible   to   delimit   neighbourhoods   or   subareas   that,   we   believe,   should   be   analysed   independently   because  they  have  particular  characteristics.  This  is  the  case,  for  example,  of  Quinta  do  Chalé,   belonging  to  the  district  of  M.  de  Abrantes,  but  which,  however,  we  analyse  autonomously.   In  this  way,  we  will  start  by  observing  the  population  levels  of  each  area  (see  Fig.  14).  The  total   population   of   the   ROCK   Area   amounts   to   14,148   residents   in   2011.   The   neighbourhood   of   Condado   is   the   most   populous   while   the   Quinta   do   chalet,   which   we   identified   as   an   independent   entity,   although,   strictly   speaking,   belonging   to   the   neighbourhood   of   M.   de   Abrantes,  it  would  demographically  be  the  smallest  one.  

Figure  14.  Resident  population  by  neighbourhood  (2011)  

  The   lack   of   access   to   official   statistical   data   at   the   subsection   level   prevented   us   from   conducting  a  detailed  analysis  of  the  socio-­‐demographic  reality  of  the  neighbourhoods.  In  any   case,  we  present  below  a  classification  of  the  social  structure  of  each  area  by  large  age  groups   (see  Fig.  15).   3663   2589   2038   2025   1714   1273   513   333   0   500   1000   1500   2000   2500   3000   3500   4000   Condado  -­‐  Zona  J   Alfinetes   M.  de  Abrantes   PRODAC   Marvila  Velha   Beato  (Sul)   Salgadas   Quinta  do  Chalé  

(14)

   

The  size  of  the  families  is  mostly  small  (1  or  2  people)  (see  Fig.  16).  These  data  are,  in  general,   in   tune   with   the   means   observed   for   each   of   the   parishes.   However,   there   are   some   differences  that  deserve  to  be  highlighted.  Thus,  the  area  of  Ribeirinha  (Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha  and   Beato  (Sul))  has  a  smaller  family  dimension,  in  percentage  terms,  than  the  rest  of  the  parish.   This   is   especially   evident   in   the   case   of   Beato   (Sul).   On   the   other   hand,   the   Alfinetes   neighbourhood  is  the  only  one  in  the  entire  ROCK  area  that  escapes  this  trend  and  shows  a   large  family  size  (3  or  4  people).  

                              0.0   10.0   20.0   30.0   40.0   50.0   60.0   70.0   Alfinetes   Beato  (Sul)   M.  de  Abrantes   Prodac   Condado  -­‐  Zona  J   Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha   Salgadas   Quinta  do  Chalé  

0-­‐24   25-­‐64   65  and  more   41.5   77.4   50.0   59.5   53.2   66.3   50.0   66.9   47.2   19.0   39.1   33.5   36.7   29.1   36.3   28.4   0%   10%   20%   30%   40%   50%   60%   70%   80%   90%   100%   Alfinetes   Beato  (Sul)   M.  de  Abrantes   PRODAC   Condado  -­‐  Zona  J   Marvila  Velha   Salgadas   Quinta  do  Chalé  

1-­‐2  pessoas  people   3-­‐4  pessoas  people  

(15)

 

Within   the   configuration   of   these   classic   families,   it   is   important   to   analyse   how   many   members   are   over   65   years   old.   At   the   parish   level,   differences   are   again   evident   between   Beato  (42.2%)  and  Marvila  (35.7%),  with  the  municipal  average  at  38.5%  and  the  ROCK  area  at   38.9%.   In   this   area,   the   neighbourhoods   of   Prodac   and   Quinta   do   Chalé   have   the   highest   percentage   of   families   with   a   65-­‐year-­‐old   member   (57.1%   and   53.4%,   respectively).   On   the   opposite  side,  we  find  again  the  neighbourhood  of  Alfinetes,  which  with  only  22.9%,  denotes   the  existence  of  young  families  with  a  low  presence  of  members  over  65  years.  

On   the   other   hand,   the   percentage   of   classic   families   that   do   not   have   any   unemployed   members  is  similar  to  the  average  presented  at  parish  level  (with  86.2%  for  Beato  and  82.4%   for  Marvila)  and  89.0%  at  the  municipal  level.  Only  Alfinetes  has  a  differentiated  percentage   (78.7%),   that   is,   it   has   a   smaller   percentage   of   families   with   all   its   members   employed.   Similarly,  4.3%  of  the  Alfinetes  families  have  more  than  one  unemployed  person,  well  above   2.9%  of  the  general  average  of  Marvila's  parish.  

With  regard  to  the  degree  of  academic  instruction  (see  Fig.  17),  we  can  divide  the  area  into   two   large   blocks.   The   first   block,   composed   by   Beato   (Sul),   Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha,   Alfinetes   and   Condado,   has   academic   levels   of   higher   grades   in   percentage   than   the   second   group,   composed  by  M.  de  Abrantes,  Prodac,  Salgadas  and  Quinta  do  Chalé.  However,  in  both  cases   they  are  well  below  the  general  average  of  the  parishes  of  Marvila  and  Beato,  indicating  that   we  are  facing  an  area  with  low  levels  of  academic  development.  

Figure  17.  Academic  levels  completed  by  neighbourhood  (2011)  

  In   all   cases,   the   percentage   of   people   who   cannot   read   or   write   is   above   the   municipal   average.  The  same  happens  in  the  three  cycles  of  Basic  Education.  As  a  result,  as  explained  in   the   general   case   of   parishes,   the   percentage   of   people   with   secondary,   post-­‐secondary   and   tertiary  education  completed  is  clearly  below  the  municipal  average,  especially  in  the  case  of   higher  education.   0   5   10   15   20   25   30   35   40   45  

Alfinetes   Beato  (Sul)   M.  de  

Abrantes   Prodac   Condado  -­‐  Zona  J   Marvila  Velha   Salgadas   Quinta  do  Chalé   Do  not  read  or  write   1st  Cycle  of  Basic  Educanon   2nd  Cycle  of  Basic  Educanon   3rd  Cycle  of  Basic  Educanon   High  school   Post-­‐Secondary  Educanon   Higher  educanon  

(16)

level,  it  is  confirmed  that  the  ROCK  area  is  an  area  with  unquestionably  low  levels  of  academic   instruction  in  relation  to  the  entire  municipality  and,  in  particular,  to  the  rest  of  the  parishes  of   Marvila  and  Beato.  

Figure  18.  Mode  of  housing  tenure  by  neighbourhood  (2011)  

  We   can   observe   in   residential   tenure   mode   (Fig.   18)   that   the   housing   property   is   in   clear   minority   in   each   of   the   neighbourhoods   that   constitute   the   ROCK   Area.   This   is   normal   if   we   take   into   account   that   most   of   the   houses   are   municipal   property,   social   housing,   and   that   there  is  a  strong  presence  of  cooperative  property  models.  

With   respect   to   the   construction   date   of   the   buildings   (see   Fig.   19),   there   are   different   dynamics  within  the  ROCK  area.  In  the  case  of  Salgadas,  Quinta  do  Chalé,  Condado  and  Prodac   neighbourhoods,  the  majority  of  their  buildings  were  built  between  1970  and  1990.  The  area   of  Ribeirinha  (Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha  and  Beato  (Sul))  is  much  older,  especially  Beato,  since  most  of   its  buildings  were  built  in  the  second  half  of  the  nineteenth  or  early  twentieth  century.  Finally,   the  neighbourhoods  of  Alfinetes  and  M.  de  Abrantes  are  the  most  recent  and  its  buildings  date   mostly  from  the  end  of  the  last  century.  

33.9   14.6   13.1   32.2   22.3   18.5   6.8   34.9   46.5   46.6   74.6   49.8   60.5   49.9   77.8   48.8   19.5   38.8   12.3   18.0   17.3   31.6   15.5   16.3   0%   10%   20%   30%   40%   50%   60%   70%   80%   90%   100%   Alfinetes   Beato  (Sul)   M.  de  Abrantes   Prodac   Condado  -­‐  Zona  J   Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha   Salgadas   Quinta  do  Chalé  

(17)

 

Figure  19.  Historical  trend  of  building  construction  by  neighbourhood  (2011)  

  Regarding   building   typologies,   the   buildings   that   make   up   the   ROCK   area   are   generally   characterized   by   a   very   polarized   height   structure,   something   that   can   be   easily   checked   visually  in  case  of  a  short  walk  through  the  area.  

In  percentage  terms,  the  buildings  with  the  highest  number  of  floors  (5  or  more)  are  located  in   the   neighbourhoods   of   Salgadas,   Alfinetes,   Quinta   do   Chalé   and   Condado   (see   Fig.   20).   The   area  of  Ribeirinha  (Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha  and  Beato  (Sul))  has  a  greater  number  of  small  buildings  (1   or  2  floors),  which  makes  sense  if  we  observe  that  it  is  a  traditionally  industrial  and  storage   area  that  recently  increased  its  residential  functions.  Finally,  the  Prodac  neighbourhood,  with   its  characteristic  physiognomy  like  a  small  urbanization  of  small  single-­‐family  houses,  registers   92%  of  the  buildings  with  one  or  two  floors.  

                    0   20   40   60   80   100   120    before  1919   1919-­‐1945   1946-­‐1970   1971-­‐1990   1991-­‐2000   aoer  2001   Alfinetes   Beato  (Sul)   M.  de  Abrantes   PRODAC  

(18)

                       

We   are   going   to   finish   the   analysis   of   the   ROCK   Area,   observing   its   main   characteristics   in   terms  of  the  dimension  of  the  houses  by  neighbourhood  and,  finally,  the  number  of  rooms  in   which  they  are  divided.    

Regarding  the  first  objective,  to  analyse  the  average  size  of  the  homes  in  the  ROCK  Area  (see   Fig.  21),  we  can  see  how  there  are  practically  no  houses  larger  than  200  square  meters.  The   areas  that  stand  out  for  the  dimension  of  their  homes  are  Alfinetes  and  Condado,  in  any  case   well  below  the  general  average  observed  for  the  city  of  Lisbon.  Quinta  do  Chalé,  Prodac  and   Salgadas  are  the  neighbourhoods  that  have  a  smaller  percentage  of  homes  over  100  square   meters.  

With  regard  to  the  percentage  of  homes  below  50  square  meters,  the  neighbourhoods  of  the  

Ribeirinha   stand   out   clearly   (Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha   and   Beato   (Sul)),   well   above   of   the   17%   of   the  

municipality.                 11   61   28   0  

Alfinetes  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2   21   69   9   1  

Salgadas  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2   4   73   10   92   11   73   0   11   4   18   30   0   8   22   7   0   92   9   60   8   81   5   93   89   0%   10%   20%   30%   40%   50%   60%   70%   80%   90%   100%   Alfinetes   Beato  (Sul)   M.  de  Abrantes   PRODAC   Condado  -­‐  Zona  J   Marvila  Velha   Salgadas   Quinta  do  Chalé  

1-­‐2  pisos  floors   3-­‐4  pisos  floors   5  ou  +  pisos  or  more  floors  

Figure   21.   Dimension   (m2)   of   housing   by   neighbourhood  (2011)  

(19)

                                                 

We  will  finish,  as  we  have  already  said,  classifying  the  number  of  rooms  per  dwelling  (see  Fig.   21).  It  should  be  noted  that,  despite  the  fact  that  the  percentage  of  houses  with  only  1  or  2   rooms  is  very  small,  it  is  in  any  case  clearly  above  the  general  percentages  observed  previously   for  the  total  of  each  parish.  The  neighbourhoods  of  Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha  and  Beato  (Sul)  stand  out   for  having  a  higher  percentage  of  homes  with  only  1  or  2  rooms.  This  data  agrees  completely   with   the   scarce   surface   that   many   of   their   houses   possess   and   that   has   been   studied   in   the   previous  figure.     17   75   8   0  

Prodac  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2   6   73   21   0  

Condado  -­‐  Zona  J  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2   34   52   13   1  

Beato  (Sul)  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2   39   47   14   0  

Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2   14   72   14   0  

M.  de  Abrantes  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2   23   72   5  0  

Quinta  do  Chalé  

<50m2   50-­‐100  m2   101-­‐200  m2   >200  m2  

(20)

 

Figure  22.  Classification  of  number  of  rooms  per  dwelling  by  neighbourhood  (2011)  

                                                    rooms   3   15   4   3   1   11   3   4   97   85   96   97   99   89   97   96   0   20   40   60   80   100   120   Al fin ete s   Be ato  (S ul )   M.  d e   Ab ran te s   Pr od ac   Co nd ad o   -­‐  Z on a   J   Mar vi la-­‐ a-­‐ Ve lh a   Sal gad as   Q ui nta   do  C hal é  

(21)

 

CONCLUSIONS

 

As   a   conclusion,   we   can   confirm   that   the   ROCK   area   is   an   area   that   has   some   notable   differences  in  relation  to  the  parishes  that  encompass  it  or  at  the  municipal  level.  It  is  an  area   determined   by   districts   with   different   dimensions,   being   the   district   of   Condado   the   most   populous  and  Quinta  do  Chalé  the  smallest.    

In  terms  of  their  social  structure,  the  districts  of  Alfinetes  and  M.  de  Abrantes  are  those  with  a   younger  demographic  composition,  both  with  respect  to  the  percentage  of  individuals  under   24  years  and  over  65.  

Alfinetes   is   the   only   neighbourhood   that   have   most   families   with   a   size   between   3   and   4   members,  compared  to  the  smaller  size  of  the  rest  (1  or  2),  especially  the  Beato  (Sul).  Again,   the   family   cores   of   Alfinetes   are   those   that   have   a   smaller   percentage   of   members   over   65   years  old  compared  to  cases  like  Prodac  or  Quinta  do  Chalé.  

That  is,  Alfinetes  develops  socio-­‐demographic  dynamics  clearly  differentiated  from  the  rest  of   the  ROCK  area  and,  of  course,  from  the  parishes  of  Marvila  and  Beato.  It  is  a  neighbourhood   with  a  young  demographic  structure,  constituted  by  extensive  family  nuclei.  However,  it  is  also   the   area   with   the   highest   percentage   of   families   with   an   unemployed   member,   even   more   evident  if  we  speak  of  more  than  one  member  in  this  situation.  

Regarding  the  educational  level,  there  is  a  block  formed  by  Alfinetes,  Beato  (Sul),  Marvila-­‐a-­‐ Velha   and   Condado,   that   have   the   highest   educational   level   within   the   ROCK   area.   On   the   opposite  side,  we  find  the  neighbourhoods  of  M.  de  Abrantes,  Prodac,  Salgadas  and  Quinta  do   Chalé.   In   any   case,   the   ROCK   area   as   a   whole,   and   also   individually,   is   an   area   with   an   educational  level  that  is  noticeably  below  the  municipal  average  and  the  parishes  of  Marvila   and  Beato  and  with  even  alarming  levels  in  most  cases  of  illiterate  population.  In  the  absence   of  data  in  this  regard  at  the  subsection  level,  we  already  verified  that  are  dealing  with  parishes   with   very   high   ratios   of   school   dropout   and   unemployment,   besides   having   percentages   of   single-­‐parent  families  without  any  academic  level  well  above  the  Lisbon  average  

Regarding  the  morphology  of  the  house,  the  ROCK  area  is  very  polarized  between  buildings  of   high   height   (5   or   more   floors),   as   is   the   case   of   Salgadas,   Alfinetes,   Quinta   do   Chalé   and   Condado,   and   small   buildings   (1-­‐   2   floors)   as   in   the   case   of   Ribeirinha   (Marvila-­‐a-­‐Velha   and   Beato   (Sul)),   and   in   particular   Prodac.   The   buildings   in   the   area   of   Ribeirinha   stand   out   for   being   very   old   and   with   an   industrial   functionality   that   explains   their   small   dimensions.   The   most  modern  zone  is  located  in  Alfinetes  and  M.  de  Abrantes.  This  fact  can  be  related  to  the   type  of  family,  especially  in  the  case  of  Alfinetes,  that  resides  there  and  that  was  studied  in   detail  in  this  report.  Most  of  the  rest  of  the  neighbourhood  buildings  were  built  between  1970   and  1990,  when  the  relocation  process  occurred  in  the  area.  

It   is   mainly   social   housing,   so   the   mode   of   tenancy   is   basically   based   on   rent.   Alfinetes   and   Condado  stand  out  above  the  rest  in  terms  of  breadth  of  housing,  while  in  the  case  of  Marvila-­‐ a-­‐Velha   and   Beato   (Sul)   predominate   homes   less   than   50   square   meters.   In   any   case,   the   figures  are  significantly  below  the  general  average  of  Lisbon.  

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