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Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor,
através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC.
Machado, Lucas
IMPACTO DE TERMINALIA CATAPPA L. NA REGENERAÇÃO DE RESTINGA NO SUL DO BRASIL. / Lucas Machado ; orientadora, Marina Hirota Magalhães, coorientadora, Michele de Sá Dechoum, 2019.
63 p.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Florianópolis, 2019.
Inclui referências.
1. Ecologia. 2. ECOLOGIA VEGETAL. 3. ESPÉCIE EXÓTICA INVASORA. 4. RESTINGA. 5. COMUNIDADE VEGETAL. I. Hirota Magalhães, Marina. II. de Sá Dechoum, Michele. III. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia. IV. Título.
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7DEHOD 9DORUHV PpGLRV (3 GD iUHD EDVDO DOWXUD H GD iUHD GD FRSD GDV iUYRUHV DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD HP )ORULDQySROLV VXO GR %UDVLO
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(VSpFLHV TXH FKDPDPRV GH H yWLFDV WDPEpP SRGHP VHU FRQKHFLGDV FRPR HVSpFLHV QmR QDWLYDV HVSpFLHV LQWURGX LGDV RX HVSpFLHV DOyFWRQHV 5LFKDUGVRQ HW DO %ODFNEXUQ HW DO 9LWXOH 3URGRFLPR 'LIHUHQWHV FRQFHLWRV H GHILQLo HV SRGHP VHU DWULEXtGRV D HVVHV WHUPRV 9LWXOH 3URGRFLPR &RQWXGR GH DFRUGR FRP DV GHILQLo HV DGRWDGDV SHOD Convenção Internacional sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB 1992): “uma espécie é FRQVLGHUDGD H yWLFD RX LQWURGX LGD TXDQGR VLWXDGD HP XP ORFDO GLIHUHQWH DR GH VXD GLVWULEXLomR QDWXUDO SRU FDXVD GH LQWURGXomR PHGLDGD YROXQWiULD RX LQYROXQWDULDPHQWH SRU ações humanas”. Uma espécie pode ser considerada exótica mesmo dentro de uma PHVPD UHJLmR ELRJHRJUiILFD FRQWLQHQWH ELRPD EDFLD KLGURJUiILFD RX SDLVDJHP DVVLP FRPR GHQWUR GH XPD PHVPD FRQILJXUDomR JHRSROtWLFD FDVR HVWHMD IRUD GD VXD iUHD GH GLVWULEXLomR QDWXUDO 9LWXOH 3URGRFLPR 3DUD XPD HVSpFLH H yWLFD VH WRUQDU LQYDVRUD HVWD GHYH SDVVDU SRU WUrV HWDSDV SULPHLUDPHQWH GHYH WHU VLGR LQWURGX LGD HWDSD HP TXH D HVSpFLH RX VHXV SURSiJXORV XOWUDSDVVD EDUUHLUDV JHRJUiILFDV DWUDYpV GR WUDQVSRUWH SRU KXPDQRV ORJR DSyV D HVSpFLH SRGH RX QmR VH HVWDEHOHFHU QR ORFDO RQGH IRL LQWURGX LGD 'XUDQWH R VHX HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR TXH FRPHoD TXDQGR EDUUHLUDV ELyWLFDV H DELyWLFDV SDUD VREUHYLYrQFLD VmR
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&RQVHTXHQWHPHQWH D IRUPDomR GH IORUHVWDV HP DPELHQWHV RULJLQDOPHQWH VHP iUYRUHV SRGH DOWHUDU FLFORV GH QXWULHQWHV UHGX LU R DUPD HQDPHQWR GH FDUERQR GR VROR H DOWHUDU D KLGURORJLD
9HOGPDQ HW DO
2 LPSDFWR GH HVSpFLHV LQYDVRUDV JHUDOPHQWH p PDLRU TXDQGR D HVSpFLH LQYDVRUD DGLFLRQD XPD QRYD IXQomR RX FDUDFWHUtVWLFD D XP HFRVVLVWHPD %HHVW HW DO VVLP FUHVFHQWH LQWHUHVVH FLHQWtILFR WHP VLGR YHULILFDGR QD UHVSRVWD GH FRPXQLGDGHV YHJHWDLV IUHQWH j LQYDVmR SRU iUYRUHV LQWURGX LGDV HP XPD SHUVSHFWLYD IXQFLRQDO 5LFKDUGVRQ 5HMPiQHN %UDYR 0RQDVWHULR HW DO HMGD HW DO (P HVWXGR UHDOL DGR QD 3DWDJ QLD QR &KLOH D SUHVHQoD GD HVSpFLH DUEyUHD LQYDVRUD LQ V FRQWR WD HP iUHDV GH HVWHSH VHP iUYRUHV QDWXUDOPHQWH RFDVLRQRX D GLPLQXLomR GD ULTXH D GH HVSpFLHV UHVXOWDQGR QD H FOXVmR GH PDLV GH GDV HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV GDTXHOH ORFDO 7DO UHVXOWDGR IRL DWULEXtGR j FREHUWXUD GD FRSD GH FRQWR WD (VVH PHVPR HVWXGR PRVWURX TXH D LQYDVmR SRU FRQWR WD WHYH FRPR FRQVHTXrQFLD D DOWHUDomR GH WUDoRV IXQFLRQDLV GH HVSpFLHV FRP R DXPHQWR GD FREHUWXUD GH FRSD GD LQYDVRUD SURPRYHQGR D RFRUUrQFLD GH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HP HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV UHODFLRQDGDV D WROHUkQFLD j VRPEUD DOpP GH DVSHFWRV OLJDGRV D HVWUDWpJLDV UHSURGXWLYDV %UDYR 0RQDVWHULR HW DO ,QYDV HV FRPR HVWD SRGHP UHVXOWDU HP PXGDQoDV QD FRPXQLGDGH GH SODQWDV H HP VHXV SDGU HV IXQFLRQDLV SUHMXGLFDQGR R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GH HFRVVLVWHPDV 9LROOH HW DO %UDYR 0RQDVWHULR HW DO 8PD GDV PDQHLUDV GH VH HVWXGDU R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GRV HFRVVLVWHPDV p DJUXSDQGR DV HVSpFLHV TXH SRVVXHP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV H IXQo HV VHPHOKDQWHV (VVHV JUXSRV IXQFLRQDLV UHVSRQGHP D SUHVV HV DPELHQWDLV H DIHWDP SURFHVVRV HFRVVLVWrPLFRV GH PDQHLUD VLPLODU 0HQH HV HW DO
0DKGDYL VVLP HVWXGRV TXH DERUGHP SDGU HV IXQFLRQDLV GH XPD FRPXQLGDGH SRGHP VHU FRPSOHPHQWDUHV D XWLOL DomR GH SDUkPHWURV FRPR ULTXH D FREHUWXUD GLYHUVLGDGH H FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV SDUD UHVSRQGHU TXHVW HV LPSRUWDQWHV HMGD HW DO )LVFKHU HW DO
0DUFKDQWH HW DO
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(FRVVLVWHPDV FRVWHLURV VmR FRQVLGHUDGRV DPELHQWHV FRP DOWD SULRULGDGH SDUD FRQVHUYDomR JOREDOPHQWH SRU VXD DOWD GLYHUVLGDGH GH KiELWDWV H SRU PDQWHUHP D LQWHJULGDGH
GD RQD FRVWHLUD SURPRYHQGR D IRUPDomR H D GLQkPLFD GH GXQDV H IXQFLRQDQGR FRPR EDUUHLUDV FRQWUD R DXPHQWR GR QtYHO GR PDU 0DUFKDQWH HW DO 0DUFKDQWH HW DO
'HQWUH RV HFRVVLVWHPDV FRVWHLURV RV DPELHQWHV GH GXQDV VmR YXOQHUiYHLV D LPSDFWRV SRU PHLR GH GLVW UELRV SURYRFDGRV QDWXUDOPHQWH RX SHOR VHU KXPDQR &DUWHU 0DUFKDQWH HW DO
GLYHUVLGDGH GH HVSpFLHV GH SODQWDV QDWLYDV QHVVHV ORFDLV p PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH SDUD HVWDELOL DU D DUHLD H PLQLPL DU RV HIHLWRV GH HURVmR QHVVHV DPELHQWHV 0DUFKDQWH HW DO
(FRVVLVWHPDV FRVWHLURV GH YiULDV SDUWHV GR SODQHWD VRIUHUDP FRP LQ PHUDV LQWURGXo HV GH SODQWDV H yWLFDV VHQGR R REMHWLYR SULQFLSDO GDV LQWURGXo HV R GH HVWDELOL DU GXQDV XOPH HW DO 0DUFKDQWH HW DO &RP LVVR PXLWDV HVSpFLHV VH WRUQDUDP LQYDVRUDV H GHJUDGDUDP D YHJHWDomR FRVWHLUD GH PRGR TXH HFRVVLVWHPDV GH GXQDV FRVWHLUDV HVWmR HQWUH RV DPELHQWHV PDLV WUDQVIRUPDGRV JOREDOPHQWH 0DUFKDQWH HW DO 0DUFKDQWH HW DO
6HJXQGR 'RRG RQDV FRVWHLUDV SURPRYHP XP FDQDO GH HQWUDGD SDUD PXLWDV LQYDV HV GHYLGR j VXD SUR LPLGDGH FRP R PDU R TXDO DWXD FRPR XP PHLR GH WUDQVSRUWH D SURSiJXORV GH PXLWDV HVSpFLHV OpP GLVVR XP IDWRU TXH IDYRUHFH R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH SODQWDV H yWLFDV HP HFRVVLVWHPDV FRVWHLURV p D GLQkPLFD GH WDLV DPELHQWHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH GXQDV FRVWHLUDV SURSLFLDGD SHOD DomR GH RQGDV SHOD YDULDomR GD PDUp SHOD DomR GRV YHQWRV H SRU HYHQWRV H WUHPRV FRPR HQFKHQWHV H WVXQDPLV 'RRG 4XDQWR PDLV GLVW UELRV PDLRU D GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH UHFXUVRV FRPR HVSDoR QXWULHQWHV H iJXD UHSUHVHQWDQGR XPD MDQHOD GH RSRUWXQLGDGH SDUD R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH HVSpFLHV H yWLFDV LQYDVRUDV TXH FRQVHJXHP UHVLVWLU PHOKRU DRV LPSDFWRV 'LH HW DO i LQGtFLRV GH TXH SODQWDV H yWLFDV GHYHP VHU IDYRUHFLGDV DSyV (&(V (YHQWRV &OLPiWLFRV ( WUHPRV SRLV HODV WHQGHP D DSUHVHQWDU PDLRUHV WROHUkQFLDV DPELHQWDLV FRPSDUDGDV DV HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV DVVLP FRPR DWULEXWRV TXH IDYRUHFHP D UiSLGD DEVRUomR GH UHFXUVRV FUHVFLPHQWR H FRORQL DomR GH iUHDV SHUWXUEDGDV 'LH HW DO
PDLRU GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH UHFXUVRV DSyV GLVW UELRV HVWi UHODFLRQDGD FRP D UHPRomR GD FREHUWXUD GD FRSD GDV SODQWDV DSyV YHQWRV IRUWHV SRU H HPSOR H FRP D JUDQGH PRUWDOLGDGH GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV REEV XHQQHNH VVLP (&(V DIHWDP R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR H R FUHVFLPHQWR GH SRSXODo HV GH LQYDVRUDV devido a essa “janela de invasão”, como sugere Diez et al. (P HFRVVLVWHPDV GH GXQDV FRVWHLUDV DPELHQWHV HVWHV FRP VRORV SREUHV HP QXWULHQWHV D DGLomR GH QXWULHQWHV UHSUHVHQWD XP GLVW UELR H SURPRYH D LQYDVmR SRU HVSpFLHV H yWLFDV REEV XHQQHNH 0XGDQoDV QR UHJLPH QDWXUDO KLVWyULFR GH GLVW UELRV GH XP HFRVVLVWHPD FRP UHODomR DR WLSR IUHTXrQFLD RX LQWHQVLGDGH GR UHJLPH GHYHP DOWHUDU D FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV SRU HOLPLQDU HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV
H RX FULDU RSRUWXQLGDGHV SDUD HVSpFLHV LQYDVRUDV REEV XHQQHNH V HVSpFLHV PPRS LOD D HQD LD LSSRS DH DPQRLGHV H FDFLD VSS HVWmR HQWUH DV LQYDVRUDV PDLV GLVWULEXtGDV SHOR SODQHWD H DSUHVHQWDP LPSDFWRV DGYHUVRV HP VLVWHPDV GH GXQDV 'RRG
LQYDVmR GH GXQDV QD FRVWD SRUWXJXHVD SRU LQGLYtGXRV GR JrQHUR FDFLD QDWLYRV GD XVWUiOLD DVVLP FRPR QD FRVWD GD IULFD GR 6XO H GD 7XUTXLD RFDVLRQD GHQVDV IRUPDo HV GH iUYRUHV UDSLGDPHQWH H HP DOJXQV FDVRV HOLPLQD H VXEVWLWXL FRPSOHWDPHQWH D YHJHWDomR QDWLYD 'RRG &RPR FRQVHTXrQFLD GD LQYDVmR HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV IRUDP VXEVWLWXtGDV SHOD LQYDVRUD H D YHJHWDomR QDWXUDO WHP VH WRUQDGR HVFDVVD 0DUFKDQWH HW DO 'H PDQHLUD VLPLODU D HVSpFLH PPRS LOD D HQD LD p XPD JUDPtQHD LQYDVRUD LQWURGX LGD HP GXQDV FRVWHLUDV IRUD GD (XURSD VHX FRQWLQHQWH GH RULJHP HP ORFDLV FRPR D XVWUiOLD PpULFD GR 1RUWH PpULFD GR 6XO H IULFD 1D FRVWD RHVWH GD PpULFD GR 1RUWH HVVD HVSpFLH H FOXLX H VXEVWLWXLX D HVSpFLH H P V PROOLV JUDPtQHD DQWHULRUPHQWH GRPLQDQWH QD UHJLmR DOpP GH HOLPLQDU RXWUDV HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV 'RRG 2 IDWR GD JUDPtQHD LQYDVRUD VH DGDSWDU PXLWR EHP DR VRWHUUDPHQWR SHOD DUHLD H DSUHVHQWDU FUHVFLPHQWR UiSLGR IDFLOLWRX VHX VXFHVVR FRPR LQYDVRUD H RFDVLRQRX RV LPSDFWRV FLWDGRV 'RRG ( HPSORV GH HVSpFLHV DUEXVWLYDV FRPR LQYDVRUDV HP GXQDV WDPEpP VmR FRPXQV FRPR p R FDVR GH LSSRS DH DPQRLGHV 1DWLYD GH iUHDV FRVWHLUDV GD )UDQoD GR VXGRHVWH GD ,QJODWHUUD GD 1RUXHJD H GH WHUUDV GR 0DU %iOWLFR VH HVWHQGHQGR DWp &KLQD H 5 VVLD D HVSpFLH IRL LQWURGX LGD H VH WRUQRX LQYDVRUD HP PXLWRV ORFDLV SHOR PXQGR LQFOXLQGR iUHDV GD ,UODQGD GR 1RUWH SyV DQRV GH LQWURGXomR QDTXHOH ORFDO VXD SUHVHQoD SURYRFRX D VXEVWLWXLomR GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV GH GXQDV FRPR PPRS LOD D HQD LD DR ID HU VRPEUD H LQLELU D UHJHQHUDomR QDWXUDO DOpP GH FULDU IRUPDo HV PRQRHVSHFLILFDV RQGH VH GHVHQYROYH FRPR LQYDVRUD 'RRG
&RPR IRL REVHUYDGR HP HVWXGR HP GXQDV FRVWHLUDV QR QRUWH GD UJHQWLQD D LQWURGXomR GDV HVSpFLHV RS O V DOED H FDFLD ORQ LIROLD OHYRX j WUDQVIRUPDomR GD YHJHWDomR QDWLYD GDV GXQDV UHGX LQGR D FREHUWXUD GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV DVVLP FRPR D ULTXH D H D GLYHUVLGDGH ORFDLV OEHULR &RPSDUDWRUH -i HP YHJHWDomR GH RQD FRVWHLUD QD &DOLIyUQLD IRUDP REVHUYDGDV GLIHUHQoDV QD HVWUXWXUD GH SODQWDV KHUEiFHDV H QD VXD FRPSRVLomR QXPD FRPSDUDomR GH iUHDV GH YHJHWDomR DEHUWD FDPSRV DEHUWRV FRP iUHDV GH VXE ERVTXH VRE D FRSD GH iUYRUHV GH H F V VSS 0DUDQyQ %DUWRORPH OHORSDWLD UHGXomR GD OXPLQRVLGDGH D DOWHUDomR GH FLFORV ELRJHRTXtPLFRV H D LQWHUIHUrQFLD GD UDL VmR RV SULQFLSDLV UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD DOWHUDomR GD YHJHWDomR QDWLYD REVHUYDGD HP ORFDLV QD &DOLIyUQLD RQGH HVSpFLHV LQYDVRUDV GH H F V RFRUUHP 3DUNHU 0XOOHU &DOODZD HW DO
(P DPELHQWHV GH GXQDV FRVWHLUDV QR VXO GR %UDVLO )LVFKHU HW DO EXVFDUDP HQWHQGHU FRPR D HVSpFLH LQYDVRUD LQ V WDHGD / DOWHUD D FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV HP FRPXQLGDGHV GH SODQWDV QDWLYDV H VHXV DWULEXWRV IXQFLRQDLV &RPR UHVXOWDGR D FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV H RV DWULEXWRV IXQFLRQDLV VRE D FRSD GH WDHGD DSUHVHQWDUDP GLIHUHQoD FRPSDUDGRV jV iUHDV VHP D HVSpFLH LQYDVRUD 6HJXQGR RV DXWRUHV GR UHIHULGR HVWXGR RV LQGLYtGXRV GH WDHGD SRGHP PXGDU DV FRQGLo HV DPELHQWDLV DEDL R GDV VXDV FRSDV H EHQHILFLDU HVSpFLHV FRP FHUWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV DOpP GH DXPHQWDU D GLYHUVLGDGH IXQFLRQDO GH SODQWDV TXH QmR VmR WtSLFDV GH FRPXQLGDGHV GH GXQDV
&RPXQLGDGHV GH GXQDV FRVWHLUDV VmR PDLV VXVFHWtYHLV D LQYDVmR SRU ERQV FRPSHWLGRUHV TXH VmR FDSD HV GH OLGDU FRP DV FRQGLo HV DELyWLFDV OLPLWDQWHV GHVWHV DPELHQWHV )LVFKHU HW DO (VSpFLHV GH iUYRUHV LQYDVRUDV VmR H HPSORV GH ERQV FRPSHWLGRUHV HP PXLWRV FDVRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP DPELHQWHV TXH QmR DSUHVHQWDP QDWXUDOPHQWH HVSpFLHV DUEyUHDV 5XQGHO HW DO DOWHUDomR GH IDWRUHV OLPLWDQWHV DR FUHVFLPHQWR GH iUYRUHV FRPR SHUtRGRV GH VHFD EDL D GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH QXWULHQWHV WHPSHUDWXUDV IULDV H WUHPDV IRJR H RXWUDV FRQGLo HV DELyWLFDV SRGH DOWHUDU DV FRQGLo HV SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR H R FUHVFLPHQWR GH iUYRUHV H IDYRUHFHU D WUDQVLomR GH DPELHQWHV QDWXUDOPHQWH VHP iUYRUHV SDUD HFRVVLVWHPDV GRPLQDGRV SRU WDLV IRUPDV YHJHWDLV 5XQGHO HW DO
3ODQWDV LQYDVRUDV GHYHP FRH LVWLU FRP SODQWDV QDWLYDV TXH DSUHVHQWDP QLFKR GLIHUHQWH R TXH H SOLFD RV FDVRV GH LQYDVmR SRU iUYRUHV HP ORFDLV FRP YHJHWDomR KHUEiFHD RX DUEXVWLYD RQGH DV GLIHUHQWHV IRUPDV GH YLGD FRH LVWHP 5XQGHO HW DO &RQWXGR HP RXWURV FDVRV R VRPEUHDPHQWR FDXVDGR SHODV iUYRUHV OHYD j H FOXVmR FRPSHWLWLYD GH PXLWDV HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV VVLP LQYDV HV EHP VXFHGLGDV SRU iUYRUHV HP iUHDV QDWXUDOPHQWH VHP HVSpFLHV DUEyUHDV VH GHYHP D XP RX GRLV GRV VHJXLQWHV IDWRUHV HVSpFLHV LQYDVRUDV DUEyUHDV DSUHVHQWDP YDQWDJHP GH ILWQHVV VREUH DV HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV H RX HVWmR VH YDOHQGR GH XP QLFKR DEHUWR YD LR 5XQGHO HW DO
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H PLQDOLD FDWDSSD / &RPEUHWDFHDH p XPD HVSpFLH DUEyUHD GHFtGXD H RULJLQiULD GH HFRVVLVWHPDV FRVWHLURV GD 0DOiVLD 0DEEHUOH 7DQJ (P HVFDOD JOREDO HQFRQWUD VH DPSODPHQWH GLVWULEXtGD HP UHJL HV WURSLFDLV H VXEWURSLFDLV KDYHQGR UHJLVWURV GH LQYDVmR
SHOD HVSpFLH HP iUHDV OLWRUkQHDV QD PpULFD &HQWUDO PpULFD GR 6XO H HP LOKDV GR &DULEH 6DQFKHV HW DO 5LFKDUGVRQ 5HMPiQHN 8PD GDV KLSyWHVHV VREUH D FKHJDGD GD HVSpFLH QR FRQWLQHQWH DPHULFDQR VXJHUH TXH D DUHLD GDV SUDLDV GD VLD HUD XWLOL DGD FRPR ODVWUR HP QDYLRV TXH FDUUHJDYDP PXLWDV YH HV RV IUXWRV GH FDWDSSD SyV D FKHJDGD GRV QDYLRV RV IUXWRV QD DUHLD DFDEDYDP SRU VHU GHVSHMDGRV DR PDU H DOFDQoDYDP R OLWRUDO 6DQFKHV HW DO
1R %UDVLO UHSHWLGDV LQWURGXo HV GH FDWDSSD HP iUHDV FRVWHLUDV RFRUUHUDP SDUD ILQV RUQDPHQWDLV H SDUD REWHQomR GH VRPEUD GHYLGR jV IROKDV JUDQGHV FRSD GHQVD H DPSOD FRP UDPRV GLVSRVWRV KRUL RQWDOPHQWH %DFNHV ,UJDQJ 7KRPVRQ (YDQV 6DQFKHV
HVSpFLH p PXLWR SODQWDGD HP SDUTXHV XUEDQRV H DR ORQJR GD FRVWD /RUHQ L %DFNHV VHQGR FRQVLGHUDGD LQYDVRUD QR %UDVLO SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP HFRVVLVWHPDV FRVWHLURV OpP GLVVR RV IUXWRV GD HVSpFLH VmR QXWULWLYRV H XWLOL DGRV QD DOLPHQWDomR KXPDQD SULQFLSDOPHQWH QR VHX ORFDO GH RULJHP 7KRPVRQ (YDQV
H PLQDOLD FDWDSSD GHVHQYROYH VH EHP HP UHJL HV FRP FOLPD WURSLFDO H VXEWURSLFDO H R SRWHQFLDO GH LQYDVmR SHOD HVSpFLH HP UHVWLQJD VH GHYH SRU VXD WROHUkQFLD jV FRQGLo HV GH YHQWRV LQWHQVRV DOWD VDOLQLGDGH H DOWD OXPLQRVLGDGH HQFRQWUDGRV QHVVH DPELHQWH DOpP GH VXD IiFLO JHUPLQDomR H FUHVFLPHQWR UiSLGR 7KRPVRQ (YDQV 3OXFrQLR HW DO 1D VXD iUHD GH GLVWULEXLomR QDWXUDO LQGLYtGXRV GH FDWDSSD FUHVFHP PDLV UDSLGDPHQWH FRP JUDQGHV TXDQWLGDGHV GH VRO H UHJHQHUDP SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP DPELHQWHV DEHUWRV H EHP LOXPLQDGRV 7KRPVRQ (YDQV &RQWXGR HP IDVH GH JHUPLQDomR D HVSpFLH SUHIHUH VRPEUD 7KRPVRQ (YDQV FRQGLomR HVVD TXH p SURSRUFLRQDGD D FDWDSSD SRU LQGLYtGXRV GH DOEH LD HFDVWDS OO P HP VXDV iUHDV GH RFRUUrQFLD QR %UDVLO 7LHW H (P UHVWLQJDV QR VXO GR %UDVLO DOEH LD HFDVWDS OO P p XPD HVSpFLH DUEXVWLYD PXLWR FRPXP )DONHQEHUJ 3OXFrQLR HW DO j TXDO FDWDSSD SDUHFH HVWDU DVVRFLDGD QRV HVWiJLRV LQLFLDLV GH VHX GHVHQYROYLPHQWR IDFLOLWDQGR R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR H D LQYDVmR SHOD HVSpFLH 7LHW H
2XWUR DVSHFWR TXH IDYRUHFH D HVSpFLH HP RQDV FRVWHLUDV p R IDWR GH VXDV VHPHQWHV DSUHVHQWDUHP GLVSHUVmR VHFXQGiULD SHOD iJXD H SHUPDQHFHUHP YLiYHLV DWp VHUHP MRJDGDV QD SUDLD XQQ HW DO 7KRPVRQ (YDQV SUDLD GD 'DQLHOD ORFDOL DGD QR QRURHVWH GD LOKD GD 6DQWD &DWDULQD )ORULDQySROLV 6& p XP H HPSOR GH ORFDO TXH SRVVXL UHVWLQJD DPHDoDGD SRU LQYDVmR SRU UHFHEHU XP JUDQGH DSRUWH GH VHPHQWHV GH FDWDSSD 3OXFrQLR HW DO
SDUWLU GLVVR HVWXGRV VXJHUHP TXH FDWDSSD LQYDGH HFRVVLVWHPDV GH UHVWLQJD H FRPSHWH FRP D YHJHWDomR QDWLYD QR SURFHVVR GH VXFHVVmR QDWXUDO SRGHQGR SUHMXGLFDU D
UHJHQHUDomR QDWXUDO HP IXQomR GR VRPEUHDPHQWR FDXVDGR SHOD VXD FRSD H SRU DOHORSDWLD %DUDWHOOL V FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRQIHULGDV SHOR SRUWH DUEyUHR GH FDWDSSD WDLV FRPR D VXD FRSD H IROKDV ODUJDV VmR SRWHQFLDOPHQWH GHWHUPLQDQWHV SDUD DV DOWHUDo HV REVHUYDGDV QD YHJHWDomR TXH RFRUUH ORJR DEDL R GD VXD FRSD 6WHHUV HW DO LQGD D SUHVHQoD GH FDWDSSD SRGH UHSUHVHQWDU XP QRYR JUXSR IXQFLRQDO LQWURGX LGR QD FRPXQLGDGH ORFDO TXH p KHUEiFHR DUEXVWLYD SRGHQGR PXGDU IXQo HV LPSRUWDQWHV GR HFRVVLVWHPD 9LROOH HW DO
&RQWXGR DSHVDU GR UHJLVWUR GH LQYDVmR SRU FDWDSSD VHU PXLWR IUHTXHQWH HP RQDV FRVWHLUDV SRU WRGR R SODQHWD VmR HVFDVVDV LQIRUPDo HV D UHVSHLWR GDV FRQVHTXrQFLDV H GRV UHDLV LPSDFWRV GD HVSpFLH QD HVWUXWXUD H DVSHFWRV IXQFLRQDLV GD YHJHWDomR QDWLYD GH UHVWLQJDV
VVLP H LVWH XPD JUDQGH QHFHVVLGDGH GH HVWXGRV TXH FRODERUHP SDUD D FRPSUHHQVmR GRV HIHLWRV GH FDWDSSD HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP ORFDLV FRPR D UHJLmR VXO GR %UDVLO TXH DSUHVHQWD LQ PHURV UHJLVWURV GD HVSpFLH PDV TXH DWp R PRPHQWR QmR GLVSXQKD GH WUDEDOKRV TXH DERUGHP DV DOWHUDo HV SURYRFDGDV SHOD LQYDVRUD HP WHUPRV HVWUXWXUDLV H IXQFLRQDLV GD YHJHWDomR QDWLYD
2 REMHWLYR JHUDO GR WUDEDOKR IRL DYDOLDU R HIHLWR GH FDWDSSD VREUH D YHJHWDomR QDWLYD HP GXQDV IURQWDLV HP UHVWLQJD ORFDOL DGD QD LOKD GH 6DQWD &DWDULQD VXO GR %UDVLO &RPR REMHWLYRV HVSHFtILFRV DYDOLDPRV D ULTXH D FREHUWXUD GLYHUVLGDGH FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV H JUXSRV IXQFLRQDLV HP iUHDV FRP D HVSpFLH LQYDVRUD VRE D FRSD H VHP D LQYDVRUD 3DUD WDQWR IRUDP WHVWDGDV DV KLSyWHVHV GH TXH Ki GLPLQXLomR QD ULTXH D FREHUWXUD H GLYHUVLGDGH GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV TXH RFRUUHP VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD HP FRPSDUDomR D VtWLRV VHP D SUHVHQoD GD HVSpFLH Ki GLIHUHQoD TXDQWR j FRPSRVLomR H TXDQWR DRV JUXSRV IXQFLRQDLV GDV HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV TXH RFRUUHP QDV iUHDV FRP H VHP FDWDSSD
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SUDLD GD 'DQLHOD VLWXD VH HP XP HVSRUmR DUHQRVR GHVLJQDGR FRPR 3RQWDO GD 'DQLHOD &DVWHOODQL 6DQWRV ORFDOL DGR QD UHJLmR QRURHVWH GD LOKD GH 6DQWD &DWDULQD
SDUWH VXGRHVWH GD SUDLD HVWi LQVHULGD QD (VWDomR (FROyJLFD GH &DULMyV (6(& )LJXUD XQLGDGH GH FRQVHUYDomR IHGHUDO DGPLQLVWUDGD SHOR ,QVWLWXWR &KLFR 0HQGHV GH &RQVHUYDomR GD %LRGLYHUVLGDGH ,&0%LR SRUomR SUy LPD j UHVWLQJD TXH p PDLV XUEDQL DGD RFRUUH j QRUGHVWH 3OXFrQLR HW DO )LJXUD 2 HVSRUmR DUHQRVR DSUHVHQWD XP FRPSULPHQWR GH DSUR LPDGDPHQWH TXDWUR TXLO PHWURV 3OXFrQLR HW DO H ODUJXUD GH WUrV PHWURV HP SDUWHV PDLV HVWUHLWDV H GH DWp PHWURV HP iUHDV PDLV ODUJDV 6RX D HW DO 2 FOLPD QD FLGDGH GH )ORULDQySROLV RQGH VH LQVHUH D SUDLD GD 'DQLHOD p VHJXQGR D FODVVLILFDomR GH . SSHQ GR WLSR &ID PHVRWpUPLFR PLGR FRP YHU HV TXHQWHV H FKXYDV EHP GLVWULEXtGDV DR ORQJR GR DQR FRP WHPSHUDWXUD PpGLD DQXDO GH & PpGLD SDUD R YHUmR GH & H SDUD R LQYHUQR GH & ,10(7 XPLGDGH ORFDO ILFD HP WRUQR GH &(&&
FRP PpGLD GH SUHFLSLWDomR DQXDO GH PP ,10(7
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7DEHOD UXSRV IXQFLRQDLV FRQVLGHUDGRV SDUD FODVVLILFDU DV HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV
7ROHUk FLD j VRPEUD 6t GURPH GH GLVSHUVmR
U SR I FLR DO ) VLP =RRFyULFD U SR I FLR DO ) VLP QHPRFyULFD U SR I FLR DO ) VLP XWRFyULFD U SR I FLR DO ) QmR =RRFyULFD U SR I FLR DO ) QmR QHPRFyULFD U SR I FLR DO ) QmR XWRFyULFD )RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
5(68 7 '26
2 Q PHUR WRWDO GH LQGLYtGXRV DPRVWUDGRV IRL LQGLYtGXRV GLYLGLGRV HQWUH DV FRQGLo HV FRQWUROH H VRE D FRSD -i R Q PHUR WRWDO GH HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV IRL VHQGR TXH QD FRQGLomR VRE D FRSD IRUDP UHJLVWUDGDV HVSpFLHV H QD FRQGLomR FRQWUROH HVSpFLHV 'HQWUH DV HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV VmR QDWLYDV H GXDV VmR H yWLFDV 1mR IRL SRVVtYHO FKHJDU DR QtYHO GH HVSpFLH SDUD QRYH GDV PRUIRHVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV &RQWXGR RV LQGLYtGXRV DPRVWUDGRV H LQGLFDGRV como ‘indeterminados’ QH R , DSHVDU GH WDPEpP QmR HQWUDUHP QDV DQiOLVHV, foram considerados ‘nativos’ com base na recomendação de especialistas FRQVXOWDGRV
4XDQWR jV GXDV HVSpFLHV H yWLFDV RW RVFR G P EL DO H / %ULWWRQ IRL HQFRQWUDGD DSHQDV VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD H L P F PLQL / 6NHHOV HP iUHDV VRE D FRSD H FRQWUROH 'HQWUH DV HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV IRUDP UHJLVWUDGDV H FOXVLYDPHQWH VRE D FRSD GH LQGLYtGXRV GH FDWDSSD GHQWUH DV TXDLV DV TXH DSUHVHQWDUDP PDLRU FREHUWXUD IRUDP
DVVLIOR D V EH RVD 3DVVLIORUDFHDH DQLF P DFHPRV P 3RDFHDH H ,OH W HH DQV TXLIROLDFHDH QH R , -i QDV iUHDV FRQWUROH IRUDP HQFRQWUDGDV HVSpFLHV H FOXVLYDV VHQGR DV HVSpFLHV TXH DSUHVHQWDUDP PDLRU FREHUWXUD :HGHOLD W LOREDWD VWHUDFHDH
OHRSHOWLV OHSLGRSWH LV 3RO SRGLDFHDH H LWH PH DSRWDPLFD /DPLDFHDH )RUDP REVHUYDGDV HVSpFLHV HP FRPXP QDV GXDV FRQGLo HV FRQVLGHUDQGR DSHQDV QDWLYDV
2V YDORUHV PpGLRV WRWDLV SRU FRQGLomR FRQWUROH H VRE D FRSD GH FDGD YDULiYHO DELyWLFD DPRVWUDGD SRU XQLGDGH DPRVWUDO SDUFHOD HQFRQWUDP VH QD 7DEHOD SRUFHQWDJHP GH VROR H SRVWR IRL PDLRU VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD GR TXH QR FRQWUROH W JO S H R PHVPR SDGUmR IRL REVHUYDGR SDUD D YDULiYHO HVSHVVXUD GD VHUDSLOKHLUD W JO S 7DEHOD YDULiYHO XPLGDGH GR VROR QmR DSUHVHQWD GLIHUHQoD HQWUH DV FRQGLo HV W JO S
2V YDORUHV PpGLRV (3 PtQLPRV H Pi LPRV GD iUHD EDVDO DOWXUD H GD iUHD GD FRSD GDV iUYRUHV GH FDWDSSD DPRVWUDGDV VmR DSUHVHQWDGRV QD 7DEHOD 3RGH VH SHUFHEHU TXH Ki XPD DPSOD YDULDomR HVSHFLDOPHQWH GRV YDORUHV GH iUHD EDVDO H iUHD GD FRSD GDV iUYRUHV DPRVWUDGDV SHVDU GD WDEHOD QmR DSUHVHQWDU FODUDPHQWH D UHODomR HQWUH WDLV YDULiYHLV YHULILFDPRV TXH RV PDLRUHV YDORUHV GH iUHD EDVDO H iUHD GD FRSD IRUDP HQFRQWUDGRV HP iUYRUHV PDLV DOWDV
7DEHOD 9DORUHV PpGLRV (3 SRU FRQGLomR FRQWUROH H VRE D FRSD GDV YDULiYHLV DPELHQWDLV VROR H SRVWR VHUDSLOKHLUD XPLGDGH GR VROR DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD QR 3RQWDO GD 'DQLHOD )ORULDQySROLV 6& VXO GR %UDVLO V SDUFHODV SDUHDGDV IRUDP LQVWDODGDV VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD H HP iUHDV FRQWUROH DGMDFHQWHV VHP D SUHVHQoD GD HVSpFLH 9DORUHV VHJXLGRV SRU OHWUDV GLIHUHQWHV VmR HVWDWLVWLFDPHQWH GLIHUHQWHV
6ROR H SRVWR 6HUDSLOKHLUD FP 8PLGDGH GR VROR
&R WUROH 6RE D FRSD
)RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
7DEHOD 9DORUHV PpGLRV (3 GD iUHD EDVDO DOWXUD H GD iUHD GD FRSD GDV iUYRUHV DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD HP )ORULDQySROLV VXO GR %UDVLO
UHD EDVDO OW UD UHD GD FRSD
0pGLD FP P P
9DULDomR GRV
DORUHV PL PD FP P P
)RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
&RP UHODomR j SRUFHQWDJHP GH FREHUWXUD GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV R YDORU PpGLR GD FREHUWXUD WRWDO IRL (3 2 YDORU PpGLR GH FREHUWXUD QD FRQGLomR FRQWUROH IRL GH H VRE D FRSD IRL GH 4XDQWR j ULTXH D GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV R YDORU PpGLR WRWDO GR Q PHUR GH HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV IRL 3RU FRQGLomR R YDORU PpGLR GH ULTXH D QD FRQGLomR FRQWUROH IRL GH H QD FRQGLomR VRE D FRSD 7DQWR D ULTXH D TXDQWR D FREHUWXUD GH LQGLYtGXRV GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV IRUDP PDLRUHV QD FRQGLomR FRQWUROH GR TXH VRE D FRSD GH LQGLYtGXRV GH FDWDSSD 7DEHOD )LJXUD ULTXH D GH HVSpFLHV H DV HVWLPDWLYDV GH GLYHUVLGDGH SHORV tQGLFHV GH 6KDQQRQ H 6LPSVRQ QmR YDULDUDP HQWUH DV FRQGLo HV VRE D FRSD H FRQWUROH )LJXUD
7DEHOD (VWDWtVWLFD GR PRGHOR OLQHDU JHQHUDOL DGR PLVWR /00 SDUD FRPSDUDomR GRV YDORUHV PpGLRV GD ULTXH D H GD SRUFHQWDJHP GH FREHUWXUD GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD QR 3RQWDO GD 'DQLHOD )ORULDQySROLV 6& VXO GR %UDVLO V SDUFHODV SDUHDGDV IRUDP LQVWDODGDV VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD H HP iUHDV FRQWUROHV DGMDFHQWHV VHP D SUHVHQoD GD HVSpFLH FRQGLomR IRL FRQVLGHUDGD FRPR HIHLWR IL R H RV SDUHV FRPR HIHLWR DOHDWyULR
&RQGLomR &RHILFLHQWH (UUR SDGUmR = 3
5LTXH D &RQWUROH 6RE D FRSD &REHUWXUD &RQWUROH
6RE D FRSD
)RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
)LJXUD 5LTXH D H SRUFHQWDJHP GH FREHUWXUD % GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD QR 3RQWDO GD 'DQLHOD )ORULDQySROLV 6& VXO GR %UDVLO V SDUFHODV SDUHDGDV IRUDP LQVWDODGDV VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD H HP iUHDV FRQWUROH DGMDFHQWHV VHP D SUHVHQoD GD HVSpFLH
)LJXUD 5LTXH D GLYHUVLGDGH HVWLPDGD SHOR tQGLFH GH 6KDQQRQ % H GLYHUVLGDGH HVWLPDGD SHOR tQGLFH GH 6LPSVRQ & GH HVSpFLHV QDWLYDV DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD QR 3RQWDO GD 'DQLHOD )ORULDQySROLV 6& VXO GR %UDVLO V SDUFHODV SDUHDGDV IRUDP LQVWDODGDV VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD H HP iUHDV FRQWUROH DGMDFHQWHV VHP D presença da espécie. Interpolação (“interpolation”) representa os valores resultantes das 30 parcelas controle e 30 SDUFHODV VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD; e extrapolação (“extrapolation”) representa a previsão dos resultados caso as DPRVWUDJHQV FRQWLQXDVVHP
)RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
SHVDU GH KDYHU VREUHSRVLomR FRQVLGHUiYHO HQWUH DV FRQGLo HV VRE D FRSD H FRQWUROH )LJXUD GH DFRUGR FRP D QiOLVH GH 9DULkQFLD 0XOWLYDULDGD 3HUPXWDFLRQDO KRXYH GLIHUHQoD QD FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV HQWUH DV PHVPDV ) 5 S
'HVWDFD VH TXH RV HL RV H GD 3&R H SOLFDUDP H GR WRWDO GH YDULkQFLD UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
)LJXUD 'LDJUDPD GH RUGHQDomR GH QiOLVH GH &RRUGHQDGDV 3ULQFLSDLV 3&R GHWDOKDQGR D SRVLomR GDV XQLGDGHV DPRVWUDLV GH FDGD FRQGLomR FRQWUROH H VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD TXDQWR j FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV
)RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
QiOLVH GH &RUUHVSRQGrQFLD &DQ QLFD && PRVWURX TXH GD YDULDomR GD PDWUL GH HVSpFLHV p H SOLFDGD SHODV YDULiYHLV XWLOL DGDV 2V GRLV SULPHLURV HL RV UHSUHVHQWDP GD YDULDomR H SOLFDGD && H && )LJXUD OpP GLVVR R WHVWH ) PRVWURX FRUUHODo HV VLJQLILFDWLYDV GD FREHUWXUD GDV HVSpFLHV SUHVHQWHV FRP GXDV GDV YDULiYHLV XWLOL DGDV VRPHQWH DV YDULiYHLV VROR H SRVWR ) S H DOWXUD GDV iUYRUHV ) S H SOLFDP D YDULDomR GD FRPSRVLomR GH HVSpFLHV YDULiYHO PDLV FRUUHODFLRQDGD FRP R SULPHLUR HL R IRL D DOWXUD GDV iUYRUHV P VHQGR VHJXLGD HP RUGHP GHFUHVFHQWH SRU VHUDSLOKHLUD FP VROR H SRVWR XPLGDGH GR VROR H iUHD GD FRSD P V YDULiYHLV PDLV FRUUHODFLRQDGDV FRP R VHJXQGR HL R GD && IRUDP HP RUGHP GHFUHVFHQWH D DOWXUD GDV iUYRUHV P D VHUDSLOKHLUD FP iUHD GD FRSD P D XPLGDGH GR VROR H R VROR H SRVWR
7DEHOD 9DULiYHLV DELyWLFDV H ELyWLFDV XWLOL DGDV QD QiOLVH GH &RUUHVSRQGrQFLD &DQ QLFD && VXDV FRUUHODo HV FRP RV HL RV GH RUGHQDomR H D VXD VLJQLILFkQFLD QD FREHUWXUD GDV HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV WHVWH GH SHUPXWDomR ) HP SDUFHODV LQVWDODGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD HP )ORULDQySROLV VXO GR %UDVLO 9DORUHV VLJQLILFDWLYRV GH S HVWmR HP QHJULWR
3DUkPHWURV &RUUHODo HV S
&& && && && && 6ROR H SRVWR 6HUDSLOKHLUD FP 8PLGDGH GR VROR OWXUD GDV iUYRUHV P UHD GD FRSD P )RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
4XDQWR j RUGHQDomR GDV HVSpFLHV H VXD UHODomR FRP DV YDULiYHLV DELyWLFDV H ELyWLFDV )LJXUD DV HVSpFLHV (SLGHQG P E DGHDQ P V F RW LD FD W D HQHQVLV Q RQL P DQ VWDW P D OOLQLD W L RQLD ( HQLD PEHOOLIOR D RODQ P DPH LFDQ P GHQWUH RXWUDV HVWmR DVVRFLDGDV D ORFDLV FRP SRUFHQWDJHQV PDLV DOWDV GH VROR H SRVWR -i GHQWUH DV HVSpFLHV DVVRFLDGDV SRVLWLYDPHQWH jV iUYRUHV PDLV DOWDV GH FDWDSSD HVWmR ( W R O P DPSOLIROL P ( W R O P D HQWLQ P DFF D LV VLQ OD LV H ( HQLD PEHOOLIOR D HQTXDQWR XP JUDQGH JUXSR GH HVSpFLHV p QHJDWLYDPHQWH LQIOXHQFLDGR SHOD DOWXUD
)LJXUD 'LDJUDPD GH RUGHQDomR GDV XQLGDGHV DPRVWUDLV VRPHQWH GD FRQGLomR VRE D FRSD SDUD RV GRLV SULPHLURV HL RV GD QiOLVH GH &RUUHVSRQGrQFLD &DQ QLFD && H VXD FRUUHODomR FRP RV IDWRUHV DELyWLFRV VROR H SRVWR VHUDSLOKHLUD H XPLGDGH GR VROR H ELyWLFRV DOWXUD H iUHD GD FRSD GDV iUYRUHV DPRVWUDGDV DPRVWUDGRV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD HP )ORULDQySROLV VXO GR %UDVLO
)RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
)LJXUD 'LDJUDPD GH RUGHQDomR GDV HVSpFLHV SDUD RV GRLV SULPHLURV HL RV GD QiOLVH GH &RUUHVSRQGrQFLD &DQ QLFD && H VXD FRUUHODomR FRP RV IDWRUHV DELyWLFRV VROR H SRVWR VHUDSLOKHLUD H XPLGDGH GR VROR H ELyWLFRV DOWXUD H iUHD GD FRSD GDV iUYRUHV DPRVWUDGDV DPRVWUDGRV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD HP )ORULDQySROLV VXO GR %UDVLO V HVSpFLHV VmR SR SRF QDFHDH H HFDFHDH PDF LVWRORF LD PDF R D G D DFF D LV G DF QF OLIROLD VLQ DFF D LV VLQ OD LV FI QQ VS FI QQRQD VS FI ( PE FI ( HQLD PEHOOLIOR D FI D FI DSL D &RP VS &RPPHOLQD VS & F &R GLD F DVVD LFD & H & SDQLD H QDOLV & D & SH V D H DW V & IOD & WRSRGL P IOD P HFD DOEH LD HFDVWDS OO P DG LRGLD DG OD LV
RGRQDHD LVFRVD ( E D (SLGHQG P E DGHDQ P ( DPS ( W R O P DPSOLIROL P ( D ( W R O P
D HQWLQ P ( PE ( HQLD PEHOOLIOR D ( QL ( HQLD QLIOR D ( FDV ( SDWR L P FDVD HWWRL SDO
RPLGHVLD SDO VW LV RSS DSL D RSSRVLWD ERQ G RFRW OH ERQD LHQVLV , W H ,OH W HH DQV ,QGHW
,QGHWH PLQDGR ,SR VS ,SRPRHD VS FDP DQWDQD FkPD D D D DFHDH E D LW HD E DVLOLHQVLV
DF LF R DPPD DFFLQLLIROLD FI LQ LNDQLD FI LQ RO F DWD LQ LNDQLD LQ RO F DWD PLF
LNDQLD PLF DQW D RQ PRQRFRWLOHG QHD H F QD HQV SD VLQH SD LIROLD VS
VLQH VS HQ VLQH HQRVD S O FRWHD S OF HOOD DF DQLF P DFHPRV P HG DVVLIOR D
HG OLV DV VS DVVLIOR D VS V E DVVLIOR D V EH RVD W L D OOLQLD W L RQLD F LW HFRFWHQL P
F FL H P OHS OHRSHOWLV OHSLGRSWH LV VHO Q V VHOOR LL FD V F RW LD FD W D HQHQVLV WH
F LQ V WH HELQW LIROL V SHQ HQQD SHQG OD FDP PLOD FDPSHVW LV DPH RODQ P DPH LFDQ P WRP
RS R D WRPHQWRVD FLO SD WLQD FLOLDWD VHF WHQRWDS P VHF QGDW P W FLO WL PDS OORQ FLOLDW P
RP D V RPDQ RIILDQD DQ Q RQL P DQ VWDW P LO VS LOODQGVLD VS FI VFR H QRQLD
FI VFR SLRLGHV VFR H QRQLD VFR SLRLGHV PH LWH PH DSRWDPLFD I L LHVHD I LE HQVLV : W L
)RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
FREHUWXUD GDV HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV DSUHVHQWRX GLIHUHQWHV YDORUHV QRV JUXSRV IXQFLRQDLV QRV TXDLV FODVVLILFDPRV DV HVSpFLHV 7DEHOD
7DEHOD 0pGLD GD FREHUWXUD GDV HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV SRU JUXSR IXQFLRQDO TXDQWR j WROHUkQFLD j VRPEUD WROHUDQWH RX LQWROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H VtQGURPH GH GLVSHUVmR RRFyULFD DQHPRFyULFD RX DXWRFyULFD QDV FRQGLo HV FRQWUROH H VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD V HVSpFLHV IRUDP DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD HP )ORULDQySROLV VXO GR %UDVLO
6RE FRSD 7RWDO &RQWUROH 7RWDO 7ROHUDQWH j VRPEUD ,QWROHUDQWH j VRPEUD 7ROHUDQWH j VRPEUD ,QWROHUDQWH j VRPEUD RRFyULFD DQHPRFyULFD DXWRFyULFD 7RWDO )RQWH (ODERUDomR SUySULD
&RQWXGR D FREHUWXUD QRV JUXSRV IXQFLRQDLV FRQVLGHUDGRV QHVWH WUDEDOKR ) WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H RRFyULFD ) WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DQHPRFyULFD ) WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DXWRFyULFD ) QmR WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H RRFyULFD ) QmR WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DQHPRFyULFD ) QmR WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DXWRFyULFD QmR DSUHVHQWD GLIHUHQoD HQWUH DV
FRQGLo HV FRQWUROH H VRE D FRSD GH DFRUGR FRP D QiOLVH GH 9DULkQFLD 0XOWLYDULDGD 3HUPXWDFLRQDO 3HUPDQRYD )LJXUD
)LJXUD 'LDJUDPD GH RUGHQDomR GH QiOLVH GH &RRUGHQDGDV 3ULQFLSDLV 3&R XWLOL DQGR GLVVLPLODULGDGH GH %UD FXUWLV DSUHVHQWDQGR D VLPLODULGDGH QD FREHUWXUD GDV HVSpFLHV QRV VHLV JUXSRV IXQFLRQDLV FRQVLGHUDGRV ) WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H RRFyULFD ) WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DQHPRFyULFD ) WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DXWRFyULFD ) QmR WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H RRFyULFD ) QmR WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DQHPRFyULFD
) QmR WROHUDQWH j VRPEUD H DXWRFyULFD HQWUH DV FRQGLo HV FRQWUROH H VRE D FRSD GH FDWDSSD V HVSpFLHV IRUDP DPRVWUDGDV HP iUHD GH UHVWLQJD HP )ORULDQySROLV VXO GR %UDVLO
