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TESE_Análise Espacial e de Vizinhança no Melhoramento Genético de Plantas

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(134). HPTXH \pRYHWRUGDVREVHUYDo}HVGHGLPHQV}HV Q

(135) [ 

(136) . ; p D PDWUL] GH LQFLGrQFLD GRV HIHLWRV IL[RV SRU H[HPSOR ORFDLV

(137)  GR GHOLQHDPHQWRGHGLPHQV}HV Q

(138) [ X

(139) . E p R YHWRU GH HIHLWRV IL[RV GHVFRQKHFLGRV D VHUHP HVWLPDGRV SRU H[HPSOR HIHLWRDVHUHVWLPDGRSDUDRORFDOORFDOHWF

(140) GHGLPHQV}HV X

(141) [ 

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(143)  GR GHOLQHDPHQWRGHGLPHQV}HV Q

(144) [ Y

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(146)  GH GLPHQV}HV Y

(147)  [ 

(148) . H pRYHWRUGHHUURVDOHDWyULRVGHGLPHQV}HV Q

(149) [ 

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(154)  Ha 1 5

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(160) @ V  HPTXH I G

(161)  p XPD IXQomR GD GLVWkQFLD G

(162)  HQWUH GXDV SDUFHODV YHMD PDLV GHWDOKHV QR LWHP

(163) . 1RV PRGHORV OLQHDUHV GH *DXVV 0DUNRY IL[RV HP TXH \ ;EH FRP. Ha1  5. ,V 

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(165) -iHPXPPRGHOR. PLVWR GH DFRUGR FRP 'XDUWH 

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(167) . .

(168) $V (TXDo}HV GH 0RGHORV 0LVWRV (00

(169)  EDVHDGDV QR PRGHOR HP 

(170) . VmRGDGDVSRU. ; 5  ; = 5. . ;. ER. ; 5  =. = 5. . =*. SÖ. . ; 5  \. =5 \. . 

(171). 5RELQVRQ 

(172)  FKDPD D DWHQomR SDUD RV FDVRV HP TXH D PDWUL] *. WHQGH SDUD D PDWUL] QXOD 1HVWHV FDVRV DV HTXDo}HV HP 

(173)  WHQGHP SDUD DV. HTXDo}HV GH TXDGUDGRV PtQLPRV JHQHUDOL]DGRV SDUD HVWLPDU E H S TXDQGR RV FRPSRQHQWHVGHS VmRFRQVLGHUDGRVGHHIHLWRVIL[RV (IHWXDQGRDPXOWLSOLFDomRHP 

(174) WrP VH ; 5  ;E R  ; 5  =SÖ. ; 5  \ . = 5  ;E R  = 5  =  * 

(175) SÖ. = 5  \ . 

(176). 

(177). +HQGHUVRQ HW DO 

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(179)  ; 9  \ . SÖ & 9  \  ;E R

(180) . 

(181). 

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(183) . 2FRUUH TXH PXLWRV SHVTXLVDGRUHV DOHJDP HQFRQWUDU GLILFXOGDGHV. FRPSXWDFLRQDLV QR SURFHVVR GH LQYHUVmR GD PDWUL] 9 QRUPDOPHQWH GH JUDQGH GLPHQVmR Q[Q

(184) 3RUWDQWRH[LVWHP RXWUDVDOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDREWHQomRGR%/83 DSHVDUGHHVWDDOHJDomRQmRVHUPDLVWmRLPSRUWDQWHQRVGLDVGHKRMH .

(185) 5RELQVRQ 

(186)  DSUHVHQWD TXDWUR GHULYDo}HV SDUD REWHQomR GR %/83. GHQWUH DV TXDLV GHVWDFDVH D VHJXLU D GHULYDomR GH Pi[LPD YHURVVLPLOKDQoD SULPHLUDMXVWLILFDWLYDGH+HQGHUVRQ

(187) . +HQGHUVRQ 

(188)  GHVFUHYH DV HVWLPDWLYDV %/83 FRPR VHQGR. ³HVWLPDWLYDVGHPi[LPDYHURVVLPLOKDQoDFRQMXQWDV´+HQGHUVRQ 

(189) DVVXPLX HPVXDGHULYDomRTXHSHH VmRQRUPDOPHQWHGLVWULEXtGRV $IXQomRGHQVLGDGHFRQMXQWDGH\ HS p. ) \S

(190).

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(192) . HP TXH I p XPD PDWUL] QXOD H RV GHPDLV WHUPRV Mi IRUDP GHVFULWRV DQWHULRUPHQWH. 2DXWRUPD[LPL]DDHTXDomR 

(193) HPUHODomRD E HSRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHD. PLQLPL]DU. S § · ¨¨ ¸¸   © \ ; =S ¹. ª* «I ¬. Iº » 5¼. . S § · ¨¨ ¸¸   © \ ; =S ¹. S *  S  \  ;  =S

(194) 5  \  ;  =S

(195) . 'HULYDQGR HVWD IXQomR HP UHODomR D E H S H LJXDODQGR DV GHULYDGDV D. ]HURFKHJDVHjVHTXDo}HVGRPRGHORPLVWRGH+HQGHUVRQHP 

(196) H 

(197)  SRU. 'HDFRUGRFRP$QGUp 

(198) GH 

(199) SRGH VHREWHUDVROXomRSDUDE GDGD. ER. ; 5  ;

(200)  ; 5  \  ; 5  =SÖ

(201) . . 

(202).

(203) 6XEVWLWXLQGR 

(204) HP 

(205) WrPVH = 5   ; ; 5   ;

(206)  ; 5   \  ; 5   = SÖ

(207)  = 5   =  *  

(208) SÖ. = 5  \ . = 5; ; 5;

(209) ; 5\  = 5; ; 5;

(210) ; 5=SÖ  = 5=  *

(211) SÖ = 5\ >= 5 =  = 5  ; ; 5  ;

(212)  ; 5 =  * @SÖ = 5 \  = 5  ; ; 5  ;

(213)  ; 5 \ ^= >5  5; ; 5;

(214)  ; 5@=  *`SÖ = >5  5; ; 5;

(215)  ; 5@\  

(216). )D]HQGR 6 5   5  ; ; 5  ;

(217)  ; 5  HVXEVWLWXLQGR6HP 

(218) WrPVH = 6=  * 

(219) SÖ = 6\  ,VRODQGR SÖ FKHJDVHjVROXomRGHTXDGUDGRVPtQLPRVJHQHUDOL]DGRVSDUD. RVHIHLWRVDOHDWyULRVGDGDSRU. SÖ = 6=  * 

(220) = 6\ . 

(221). 6XEVWLWXLQGR SÖ HP 

(222)  FKHJDVH j VROXomR GH TXDGUDGRV PtQLPRV. JHQHUDOL]DGRVSDUDRVHIHLWRVIL[RVGDGDSRU. ER ^; >5  5= = 5=  *

(223) = 5@;`; >5  5= = 5=  *

(224) = 5@\  

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(226) 9DOHUHVVDOWDUTXHDLQYHUVDGDPDWUL] 9 SRGHVHUREWLGDSRU 9 . 5   5 = = 5  =  * 

(227) = 5  . 'XDUWH 

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(229) p FKDPDGR PHOKRU HVWLPDGRU OLQHDU QmR YLHVDGR %/8( ± %HVW /LQHDU 8QELDVHG (VWLPDWRU

(230)  GH E. RX GH / E R

(231)  H SÖ p GLWR PHOKRU SUHGLWRU OLQHDU QmR YLHVDGR %/83 ± %HVW /LQHDU 8QELDVHG 3UHGLFWRU

(232)  GH S 2 DXWRU VXJHUH TXH TXDQGR * H 5 VmR. Ö H5 Ö  GHYHVH GHVFRQKHFLGDV GLVSRQGRVH DSHQDV GH VXDV HVWLPDWLYDV * VXEVWLWXLU RV WHUPRV %/8( H %/83 SRU (%/8( (PSLULFDO %HVW /LQHDU 8QELDVHG (VWLPDWRU

(233)  H (%/83 (PSLULFDO %HVW /LQHDU 8QELDVHG 3UHGLFWRU

(234)  UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH. 8VDQGR XP HQIRTXH GD (VFROD &OiVVLFD +HQGHUVRQ 

(235)  WDPEpP. PRVWURX XVDQGR RV PXOWLSOLFDGRUHV GH /DJUDQJH TXH DV HVWLPDWLYDV %/83 GH. FRPELQDo}HV OLQHDUHV GH HIHLWRV IL[RV H DOHDWyULRV VmR DV HVWLPDWLY DV TXH VDWLVID]HP RV UHTXLVLWRV GH VHUHP OLQHDUHV QmR WHQGHQFLRVDV H SRVVXtUHP TXDGUDGRPpGLRGRHUURPtQLPR. +DUYLOOH 

(236)  PRVWURX TXH D VROXomR GR PRGHOR GH *DXVV 0DUNRY. SRGHVHUHVWHQGLGDSDUDRVFDVRVHPTXHDVPDWUL]HV * H5 QmRDSUHVHQWDPSRVWR FRPSOHWR. 8PDDSUR[LPDomRPDLVLQWXLWLYDSDUDPRVWUDUTXHDVHVWLPDWLYDV%/83. WrPTXDGUDGRPpGLRGRHUURPtQLPRGHQWURGDFODVVHGHHVWLPDWLYDVOLQHDUHVQmR WHQGHQFLRVDVIRLDSUHVHQWDGDSRU+DUYLOOH 

(237) . :KLWH  +RGJH 

(238)  DSUHVHQWDUDP HQWUH RXWUDV DV VHJXLQWHV. YDQWDJHQVGR%/83TXDQGRXVDGRQRPHOKRUDPHQWRJHQpWLFRYHJHWDO. .

(239)  SHUPLWH D HVWLPDomR H SUHGLomR QmR YLHVDGDV HP DSHQDV XP SURFHGLPHQWROLQHDU.  SRGH OHYDU HP FRQWD HIHLWRV GH VHOHomR H HQGRJDPLD DR ORQJR GDV. JHUDo}HVGHVGHTXHRJUDXGHUHODFL RQDPHQWRJHQpWLFR SDUHQWHVFR

(240)  HQWUHRVLQGLYtGXRVDYDOLDGRVVHMDFRQKHFLGR.  D FRUUHODomR HQWUH RV YDORUHV JHQpWLFRV YHUGDGHLURV H RV SUHGLWRV p. Pi[LPD GHQWUH WRGDV DV FODVVHV GH SUHGLWRUHV OLQHDUHV QmR WHQGHQFLRVRV.  SRGHVHSUHGL]HURYDORUJHQpWLFRGHLQGLYtGXRVREVHUYDGRVRXQmR.  DVYDULkQFLDVHRVHUURVGDVSUHGLo}HV%/83VmRPHQRUHVHPUHODomR DRXWURVPpWRGRV. :KLWHHWDO 

(241) GHPRQVWUDUDPTXHQRVHQVDLRVHPTXHVHWrPSRXFDV. REVHUYDo}HV DV SUHGLo}HV GH TXDGUDGRV PtQLPRV RUGLQiULRV VmR PHQRV. FRQILiYHLV H RV HUURV DVVRFLDGRV FRP HVWDV SUHGLo}HV VmR PDLRUHV &RQWUDULDPHQWH TXDQGR RV %/83¶V IRUDP REWLGRV XWLOL]DQGR DV SRXFDV REVHUYDo}HV H[LVWHQWHV DV YDULkQFLDV HQWUH DV SUHGLo}HV IRUDP PHQRUHV H RV. HUURVDVVRFLDGRVDHVWDVSUHGLo}HVIRUDP PLQLPL]D GRV$VVLPXPD YH]TXHRV PHOKRULVWDV GH SODQWDV IUHTHQWHPHQWH GHVHMDP PHOKRUDU RV YDORUHV SUHGLWRV. SDUD YiULRV LQGLYtGXRV TXH QmR IRUDP DYDOLDGRV SRU PHLR GR VHX SUySULR GHVHPSHQKRR%/83WHULDXPDVLJQLILFDWLYDYDQWDJHPVREUHRVRXWURVPpWRGRV GHPHOKRUDPHQWRGHYDORUHVSUHGLWRV. %HUQDUGR 

(242) DYDOLRXDXWLOLGDGHGR%/83HPSUHGL]HUFUX]DPHQWRV. QmRUHDOL]DGRVXVDQGRGDGRVGHPDUFDGRUHVPROHFXODUHVGRWLSR5)/3HWDPEpP. XVDQGRDLQIRUPDomRGHSDUHQWHVFRJHQpWLFRHQWUHOLQKDJHQVGHPLOKR2DXWRU. YHULILFRX TXH QmR KRXYH GLIHUHQoDV VLJQLILFDWLYDV HQWUH RV UHVXOWDGRV GRV GRLV. SURFHGLPHQWRV $VVLP R XVR GH PDUFDGRUHV PROHFXODUHV SRGH VHU XPD DOWHUQDWLYD TXDQGR QmR VH GLVS}H GD JHQHDORJLD HQWUH RV PDWHULDLV JHQpWLFRV D VHUHPXWLOL]DGRVQRHVWXGRSRUpPHV WDDOWHUQDWLYDLPSOLFDHPHOHYDGRVFXVWRV .

(243) 3DQWHU  $OOHQ D

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(245)  FRPSDURX DV PHWRGRORJLDV GH TXDGUDGRV PtQLPRV. RUGLQiULR 2/6

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(247)  0RGHODJHQVHVSDFLDLV. 8PD GDV SUHVVXSRVLo}HV SDUD D YDOLGDGH GH XPD DQiOLVH GH YDULkQFLD. FRQYHQFLRQDO p D LQGHSHQGrQFLD HQWUH RV HUURV H[SHULPHQWDLV 0XLWRV. SHVTXLVDGRUHV DFUHGLWDP TXH D SUiWLFD GD FDVXDOL]DomR QHXWUDOL]D DOJXPD FRUUHODomR TXH SRVVD KDYHU HQWUH RV HUURV H[SHULPHQWDLV UHVXOWDQGR QD. LQGHSHQGrQFLDHQWUHHOHV$FRQWHFHTXHDLQGDDVVLPSRGH VHGHWHFWDUFRUUHODomR HVSDFLDOHQWUHSDUFHODVYL]LQKDV SULQFLSDOPHQWHHPH[SHULPHQWRVFRPSDUFHODV PXLWR SHTXHQDV H RX FRP WUDWDPHQWRV GLVWULEXtGRV VLVWHPDWLFDPHQWH 9iULRV. DXWRUHVFRPR0DWKHURQ 

(248)  %URZQLHHWDO 

(249)  DILUPDPTXHTXDQGRRV. FDPSRVH[SHULPHQWDLVQmRVmRXQLIRUPHVDFRUUHODomRHQWUH REVHUYDo}HVWHQGHD VHU PDLRU SDUD SDUFHODV YL]LQKDV H GLPLQXL j PHGLGD TXH D GLVWkQFLD HQWUH DV SDUFHODVDXPHQWD1HVWHVFDVRVDXWLOL]DomRGHPpWRGRVHVWDWtVWLFRVDOWHUQDWLYRV. TXH SURFXUDP HOLPLQDU RV HIHLWRV GD FRUUHODomR HVSDFLDO FRQKHFLGRV FRPR. PpWRGRV GH DQiOLVHV GH YL]LQKDQoD H PpWRGR GH DQiOLVH HVSDFLDO SRGHP DXPHQWDU D SUHFLVmR GDV HVWLPDWLYDV GH FRQWUDVWHV HQWUH WUDWDPHQWRV H GH SDUkPHWURVJHQRWtSLFRVHIHQRWtSLFRV. %URZQLHHWDO 

(250) UHIRUoDPTXHRDUJXPHQWRSDUDXVDUHVWHVPpWRGRV. DOWHUQDWLYRV GH DQiOLVH HVWDWtVWLFD p TXH PDLRUHV JDQKRV QD SUHFLVmR SRGHP VHU REWLGRVFRPSDUDWLYDPHQWHjDQiOLVHFRQYHQFLRQDO2VDXWRUHVUHODWDPDLQGDTXH. WDLV PpWRGRV SRGHP VHU DSOLFDGRV DRV GDGRV REWLGRV GH XP GHOLQHDPHQWR H[SHULPHQWDOFOiVVLFRDSHQDVPHOKRU DQGRDVHVWLPDWLYDV. 2VPpWRGRVGHDQiOLVHGHYL]LQKDQoDGHLQWHUHVVHSDUWLFXODUFRQVLVWHP. QR DMXVWH GH XPD FRYDULiYHO SDUD R FRQWUROH ORFDO FRP EDVH QDV PpGLDV REVHUYDGDVGDVSDUFHODVYL]LQKDV 5LFNH\

(251) RXQDVPpGLDVGRVUHVtGXRVGH. SDUFHODV YL]LQKDV 3DSDGDNLV 

(252)  -i QD UHDOL]DomR GH XPD DQiOLVH HVSDFLDO FRQVLGHUDPVH DV FRRUGHQDGDV JHRJUiILFDV TXH VHUmR GHQRPLQDGDV DGLDQWH GH .

(253) OLQKDHFROXQD

(254) GRFHQWURGHFDGDSDUFHODGRH[SHULPHQWRQRFiOFXORGDPDWUL]GH. YDULkQFLDVHFRYDULkQFLDVUHVLGXDLV SRUPHLRGDTXDOpPRGHODGDDGHSHQGrQFLD HVSDFLDO. $PDLRULDGHVWHVPpWRGRVIRLGHVHQYROYLGDH[WUDSRODQGRRVFRQFHLWRVGH. VpULHVWHPSRUDLVHJHRHVWDWtVWLFDSDUDH[SHULPHQWDomRDJUtFRODRVTXDLVIRUDPD. EDVH SDUD D FRQVWUXomR GRV PRGHORV GH WHQGrQFLD QR VROR H GRV HUURV FRUUHODFLRQDGRV HQWUH SDUFHODV YL]LQKDV TXH VmR DV SULQFLSDLV IRQWHV GH KHWHURJHQHLGDGH HVSDFLDO 7DLV PRGHORV VmR GH LQWHUHVVH SDUD R PHOKRUDPHQWR YHJHWDOVHQGRSRUWDQWRWUDWDGRVDVHJXLU. 7DQWRRVPRGHORVGHDQiOLVHGHYL]LQKDQoDR GHPpGLDVPyYHLV 00

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