Study of ecological succession of benthic communities macoinvertebrados in the process of colonization of a small watercourse after a long droughtstudy of ecological succession of benthic communities macoinvertebrados in the process of colonization of a s

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6 - 11 July 2014, Santander, Spain

XVI Congress of the Iberian Association of Limnology

Teresa Jesus

STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF BENTHIC COMMUNITIES

MACOINVERTEBRADOS IN THE PROCESS OF COLONIZATION OF A

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Introduction

Benthic Macroinvertebrates

 Group of organisms that present a great diversity of anatomical, physiological and ecological

characteristics

 They colonize every kind of aquatic ecosystems

Good indicators of Water Quality

Richness

and diversity

indexes

Metrics

Biotic

Indexes

Structure of

communities

Teresa Jesus XVI Congress of the Iberian Association of Limnology Santander– July’14

Flow patterns changes

 depends on their resistance (capacity of remain with the same structure face a

disturb) and resilience (recuperation capacity face to a disturbs)

 Impose changes on biological processes and patterns

 Has a preponderant role on the communities distribution

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Objectives

 Study the changes on the structure of benthic

macroinvertebrate

communities

along

the

recolonization time after a period of total drought of a

section of the Poço Negro creek, a small water

course in the North of Portugal

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Parameters



Number of organisms and taxa



Biotic indexes: IPtI

_N

and IBMWP



Shannon-Weaver diversity index

and Pielou eveness index



Some metrics



Substrate composition



Width and Depth



Habitat Quality

Index and metrics

Nov-09 to May-10; Oct-10 to May-11;

Mar-12; Dec-12 to May 13;

Oct-13 to May-14



Sampling with a hand net

Data analysis



Temporal variation of all parameters



N-MDS analysis of macroinvertebrates

grouped into their functional groups



Validation and determination of the main

groups responsible for the differentiation

of the sample points using ANOSIM and

CLUSTER analysis

Methodology

Benthic macroinvertebrates

Hydromorfological parameters

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Poço Negro creek

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

0 0,5

1 1,5

2 2,5

3 3,5

4 4,5

5 5,5

6 Distance to source (Km)

A

lti

tud

e

(m

)

Sampling site

1:25 000

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Samplig site characterization

Teresa Jesus XV Congress of the Iberian Association of Limnology Ponta Delgada– July’10

QBR:

95 (Not disturbed, natural state)

EPA, 1999:

182 (Not disturbed,

considered as a reference

stream)

%macrophytes: 65%

%canopy: 90%

Average pH: 6,4

Average %O

₂

: 97%

Average O

₂

: 9,8 mg/L

Average condutivity: 56

m

S/cm

Blocks

Pebbles

Gravel

Depth

(m

)

1,8

1,6

1,2

1,4

1,0

0,8

0,6

0,2

0,4

0,0

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Monthly precipitation

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450 Jul Aug Sep O

ct

No

v

De

c

Jan Fe

b

Mar Apr May Jun Ju

l

Aug Sep O

ct

No

v

De

c

Jan Fe

b

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep O

ct

No

v

De

c

Jan Fe

b

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep O

ct

No

v

De

c

Jan Fe

b

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Au

g

Sep O

ct

Nov De

c

Jan Fe

b

Mar Apr May

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

Tota

l prec

ipit

ation

(mm)

Data (year/month)

Jan’14

Dec’09

Jan’10

Mar’10

_Nov’10

Oct’10

Dec’10

Feb’11

Mar’11

May’11

_Mar’12

Dec’12

Jan’13

Feb’13

Apr’13

May’13

Oct’13

Nov’13

Dec’13

Mar’14

May’14

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Results

Abundance and richness

Diversity and eveness

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0

5

10

15

20

25

30 Dec'

09 J

an

'1

0 M

ar

'1

0 Oct

'1

0 Nov'

10 Dec'

10 Fe

b'

11 M

ar

'1

1 M

ay

'1

1 M

ar

'1

2 Dec'

12 J

an

'1

3 Fe

b'

13 A

pr

'1

3 M

ay

'1

3 O

ct

'1

3 No

v'13

De

c'13

Ja

n'

14 Mar'

14 May'

14 Number

of

organi

sms

Number

of

fam

ilies

Sampling dates

Number of families

Number of organisms

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

Dec'

09 J

an

'1

0 M

ar

'1

0 Oct

'1

0 Nov'

10 Dec'

10 Fe

b'

11 M

ar

'1

1 M

ay

'1

1 M

ar

'1

2 Dec'

12 J

an

'1

3 Fe

b'

13 A

pr

'1

3 M

ay

'1

3 O

ct

'1

3 No

v'13

De

c'13

Jan

'1

4 Mar'

14 May'

14 Pielo

u

ev

en

es

s

Sh

an

no

n-W

ea

ve

r d

ive

rs

ity

Sampling dates

Shannon-Weaver diversity

Pielou eveness

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Results

Metrics

Water Quality Indexes

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

Dec'

09 J

an

'1

0 M

ar

'1

0 O

ct

'1

0 Nov'

10 Dec'

10 Fe

b'

11 M

ar

'1

1 M

ay

'1

1 M

ar

'1

2 Dec'

12 J

an

'1

3 Fe

b'

13 A

pr

'1

3 M

ay

'1

3 O

ct

'1

3 No

v'13

De

c'13

Jan

'1

4 Mar'14

May'1

4 %

Sampling dates

%EPT family

%Diptera family

%Reophil (taxa)

% Branchial + cutaneous (taxa)

Dec’

09 Jan‘

10 Mar‘

10 Oct‘

10 Nov‘

10 Dec‘

10 Feb‘

11 Mar‘

11 May‘

11 Mar‘

12 Dec‘

12 Jan‘

13 Feb‘

13 Apr‘

13 May‘

13 Oct‘

13 Nov‘

13 Dec‘

13 Jan‘

14 Mar‘

14 May‘

14 IBMWP

_{74 102 106}

_{83 21 142 149 135 143}

₃₂

_{45 89 85 106 143}

_{49 49 55 68 116 137}

RQE

_{0,55 0,69 0,55 0,52 0,32 0,80 0,86 0,86 0,80 0,30 0,46 0,54 0,64 0,63 0,79 0,44 0,47 0,58 0,60 0,79 0,80}

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Results

Teste ANOSIM: R

_global

= 0,848

Taxonomic composition

Dec'09

Jan'10

Mar'10

Oct'10

Nov'10

Dec'10

Feb'11

Mar'11

May'11

Mar'12 Dec'12

Jan'13

Feb'13

Apr'13

May'13

Oct'13

Nov'13

Dec'13

Jan'14

Mar'14

May'14

_{Stress: 0,08}

Mean of each taxa in each cluster

Annelida

Crustacea

Ephemeroptera

Plecoptera

Other insects

Coleoptera

Trichoptera

Diptera

Taxa composition

0

20

40

60

80 %

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

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Results

Teste ANOSIM: R

_global

= 0,907

Breathing groups

Dec'09

Jan'10

Mar'10

Oct'10

Nov'10

Dec'10

Feb'11

Mar'11

May'11

Mar'12

Dec'12

Jan'13

Feb'13

Apr'13

May'13

Oct'13

Nov'13

Dec'13

Jan'14

Mar'14

May'14

Stress: 0,1

Mean of each taxa in each cluster

Aerial

Branchial

Branchial & cutaneous

Cutaneous

Pulmonar

Special

Breathing groups

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 %

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

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Results

Teste ANOSIM: R

_global

= 0,697

Feeding groups

%

Dec'09

Jan'10

Mar'10

Oct'10

Nov'10

Dec'10

Feb'11

Mar'11

May'11

Mar'12

Dec'12

Jan'13

Feb'13

Apr'13

May'13

Oct'13

Nov'13

Dec'13

Jan'14

Mar'14

May'14

Stress: 0,04

Mean of each flow group mode in each cluster

Collectors Limnivores Predators Scrapers Shredders

Feeding groups

0

20

40

60

80 Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

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Results

Teste ANOSIM: R

_global

= 0,740

Locomotion/habitat

Dec'09

Jan'10

Mar'10

Oct'10

Nov'10

Dec'10

Feb'11

Mar'11

May'11

Mar'12

Dec'12

Jan'13

Feb'13

Apr'13

May'13

Oct'13

Nov'13

Dec'13

Jan'14

Mar'14

May'14

Stress: 0,09

Mean of each locomotion group mode in each cluster

Clingers

Burrowers

Divers

Swimmers

Sprawlers

Skaters

Climbers

Habitat/Locomotion

0

20

40

60

80 %

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

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Results

Teste ANOSIM: R

_global

= 0,891

Flow preferences

Dec'09

Jan'10

Mar'10

Oct'10

Nov'10

Dec'10

Feb'11

Mar'11

May'11

Mar'12

Dec'12

Jan'13

Feb'13

Apr'13

May'13

Oct'13

Nov'13

Dec'13

Jan'14

Mar'14

May'14

Stress: 0,05

Mean of each flow group mode in each cluster

Limnophiles Most limnophiles Reophiles Most reophiles

Flow preferences

0

20

40

60

80 %

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

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Conclusions



After the drought period (June to October), generally, there are a strong rainfall which

cause a great increase in flow that tend to stabilize during the Winter and tend to

decrease in the late Spring



These conditions promote changes on the habitat structure:



a large increase in flow until the beginning of Spring, followed by a a slow decline

by June

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Conclusions

Teresa Jesus XVI Congress of the Iberian Association of Limnoly Santander– July’14