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, 5 1980 . . .
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.
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,
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-, , .
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.
,
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-,
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-,
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.
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-
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-.
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.
.
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-.
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-,
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,
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,
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-,
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,
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- , .
-
-.
-,
.
,
.
(Pinus pityusa Steven)
.
-–
. .
-130–150 . ,
5–7 . 140–150
36–40 65–80 .
(Carpinus orientalis MТХХ.),
-, (Acer campestre L.),
(Quercus hartwissiana Steven).
: ( .1).
: Porodaedalea pini (Brot.) Murrill, Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. (11.5%),
88.5%
, 26 .
,
24 . 1-
. 2-
-: Hyphodontia aspera (Fr.) J. Erikss, Schizopora flavipora (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Cooke) Ryvarden, Schizophyllum commune Fr.
(3- ) Phellinus ferruginosus
(Schrad.)Pat., Phlebia rufa (Pers.) M.P. Christ, Diplomitoporus lenis (P. Karst) Gilb. &
Ryvarden, Gloeophyllum protractum (Fr.) Imazeki. 4-
-Diplomitoporus lenis. Postia
rennyi (Berk. & Broome) Rajchenb, Oxyporus corticola (Fr.) Ryvarden,
Hyphoderma-mutatum (Peck) Donk. ,
11.5 10.9
0 5
9.5
0 88.5 89.1
100
95
90.5
100
.1
(%)
. 1
( ) ( )
-*
-
-- - -
-5/19.2 4/8.7 – 4/10 23/25 2/11.8
21/80.8 42/91.3 16/100 36/90 69/75 15/88.2
* , %: – , – .
ferruginosus, Diplomitoporus lenis, Phlebia rufa, Schizopora flavipora.
,
: Schizopora flavipora, Trametes hirsuta
(Wulfen) Lloyd. Postia hibernica (Berk. & Broome) Julich,
Antrodia vaillantii (DC.) Ryvarden, Datronia mollis (Sommerf.) Donk, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden .
26
( ) 21
(80.8%) 5 (19.2%) ,
( .1). ,
-.
, ,
.
( ) ,
. 80–90 . . .
(Carpinus caucasia Grossh.),
(Quercus iberica Steven),
Pojark.), , . , (Arbutus andrachne L.), .
:
( .1).
Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With., Inonotus dryadeus (Pers.) Murrill, Ganoderma resinaceum Boud., Ganoderma lipsiens (Batsch) G.F. Atk., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill. (10.9%).
41 (89.1%) ,
46 .
-Quercus iberica–33 ,
Carpinus caucasia – 23 .
Quercus iberica Fistulina hepatica, Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers., Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Dicks.) LцЯ., Stereum gausapatum (Fr.) Fr.
, -
-, – Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar, Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr., Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst, Ganoderma lipsiens, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst, Lenzites betulinus (L.) Fr., Trametes pubescens (Schumach.) PТХпЭ, Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden.
1- Quercus iberica Chondrostereum
purpureum, Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) PОrs.
-. 2- Stereum
hirsutum, Stereum gausapatum, Trichaptum biforme, Irpex lacteus, Trametes pubescens, Daedalea quercina, Ganoderma lucidum, Radulomyces molaris (Chaillet ex Fr.) M.P. Christ, Stereum subtomentosum Pouzar, Oxyporus obducens (Pers.) Donk, Ceriporiopsis mucida (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden .
3-, Stereum
hirsutum, Trametes gibbosa, Stereum gausapatum, Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton) J. SМСröЭ., Schizopora flavipora, Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lipsiens, Fomes fomentarius, Punctularia strigosozonata (Schwein.) P.H.B. Talbot . 4-
Daedalea quercina,
Climacodon pulcherrimus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)Nicol., Hymenochaeta rubiginosa, Trichaptum biforme, Stereum hirsutum, Stereum gausapatum .
(5- ) Daedalea quercina, Trichaptum
bi-forme, Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers.) Gray, Stereum hirsutum.
– Daedalea quercina 5 , Trichaptum
biforme, Hymenochaeta rubiginosa 4–5 , Stereum gausapatum
(Fr.) Fr. 3 ,
Quercus iberica. Fistulina
hepatica 3 .
-, Quercus
iberica :
Daedalea quercina, Stereum hirsutum, Stereum gausapatum, Trichaptum biforme, Hymenochaeta rubiginosa.
Carpinus caucasia 23
2- Trichaptum biforme, Stereum hirsutum,
Stereum subtomentosum, Schizophyllum commune,
Chondrostereum purpureum, Trametes gibbosa, Junghuhnia semisupiniformis (Murrill)
Ryvarden, Climacodon pulcherrimus. (3-
) Stereum hirsutum, Trichaptum biforme
4–5 ; : Phellinus punctatus (PТХпЭ) Murrill, Lenzites betulinus, Fomes fomentarius, Phylloporia ribis (Schumach.) Ryvarden, Polyporus tuberaster (Jacq. ex Pers.) Fr., Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., Oxyporus obducens, Phlebia rufa (Pers.) M.P. Christ., Trametes versicolor, Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller.,
Schizopora flavipora. : Trametes
versicolor, Phellinus punctatus, Phlebia rufa, Schizopora flavipora.
4-Carpinus caucasia Trichaptum biforme, Phellinus punctatus, Trametes ochracea, Fomitopsis pinicola, Lenzites betulinus. Carpinus
caucasia 5- ,
Tomentella terrestris (Berk. & Broome) M.J. Larsen. ,
, Carpinus
caucasia, - ,
-: Trichaptum biforme, Stereum hirsutum, Trametes versicolor.
46 ,
,
( ) 42 (91.3%) 4 (8.7%)
( .1). ,
-.
30
650–700 .
-.
2911 , 0.8%
, 70% .
110–112 . ,
:
-- .
(Fagus orientalis), (Acer pseudoplatanus),
(Tilia caucasica), (Alnus barbata),
(Buxus colchica Pojark.), (Staphylea
colchica), (Ruscus aculeatus).
.
-, 300 .
7–8
14–16 .
,
-,
Corticiaceae.
5-. 2- Buxus colchica
: Amphinema byssoides (Pers.) J. Erikss., Peniophora
cinerea (Pers.) Cooke. 3-
-: Byssomerulium corium, Hyphodontia nespori (Bres.) J. Erikss. & Hjortstam, Phellinus ferruginosus (Schrad.) Pat., Peniophora laeta (Fr.) Donk, Schizopora flavipora, Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.) Donk, Skeletocutis lenis (P. Karst.) NТОЦОХт, Trechispora farinacea (Pers.) Liberta, Tomentella terrestris.
4- Buxus colchica Amphinema
byssoides, Mycoacia uda, Peniophora cinerea, Schizopora flavipora, Schizopora
paradoxa, Steccherinum ochraceum. Buxus colchica
13 , ,
.
Carpinus caucasia
6 ,
: Phellinus ferruginosus, Schizopora flavipora. 2-
Carpinus caucasia – Datronia mollis (Sommerf.) Donk.
3- ,
,
: Phellinus ferruginosus, Schizopora flavipora, Trametes trogi Berk., Trametes tricolor (Bull.) Lloyd.
Carpinus caucasia 4- Schizopora flavipora,
Trametes gibbosa. Carpinus caucasia
.
, ,
16 ( . 1).
( .1).
, .
– - ,
-(Carpinus caucasia), (Castanea
sativa MТХХ.), (CШrвХus ХurЧК, . КЯeХХКЧК),
-(Laurocerasus officinalis) .
-: .
-Abortiporus biennis, Fistulina hepatica
(5%) , 95%
-,
40 .
- Carpinus
caucasia 32 .
-, . 1- Carpinus
caucasia . 2- Trametes
ochracea, Datronia mollis, Stereum hirsutum, Lenzites betulinus, Trametes tricolor (Bull.) Lloyd, Stereum subtomentosum Pouzar, Trametes trogi Berk., Byssomerulium corium, Irpex lacteus.
Trechispora farinacea, Ganoderma lucidum, Antrodia gossypium (Speg.) Ryvarden, Trametes pubescens (Schumach.) PТХпЭ, Ceriporia excelsa S. Lundell ex Parmasto, Polyporus alveolaris (DC.) Bondartsev & Singer, Trichaptum biforme, Fomes fomentarius, Trametes gibbosa, Datronia mollis, Schizopora flavipora, Trametes ochracea, Hyphodontia arguta (Fr.) J. Erikss., Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst, Stereum hirsutum, Trametes tricolor, Phlebia tremellosa (Schrad.) Nakasone & Burds, Trametes trogi, Trametes versicolor, Stereum subtomentosum .
Trichaptum biforme, Trametes versicolor 3 ,
Stereum hirsutum 4 . Carpinus caucasia 4-
Ceriporiopsis resinascens (Romell) DШЦКńsФТ, Ceriporia excelsa, Ganoderma lipsiens, Lenzites betulinus, Trichaptum biforme, Bjerkandera adusta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes pubescens, Trametes ochracea, Trametes trogi, Phel-linus ferruginosus, Phlebiopsis ravenelii (Cooke) Hjortstam. 5-
-Trametes gibbosa, Datronia mollis. Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer.
(Castanea sativa)
-, 10 .
1- Castanea sativa . 2-
-:Laetiporus sulphureus, Schizophyllum commune, Stereum
hirsutum. 3-
-: Phellinus laevigatus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin,
Schizopora flavipora, Trametes gibbosa. 4- Castanea sativa
Antrodiella semisupina (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ryvarden, Bjerkandera adusta, Trichaptum biforme.
,
, Carpinus
caucasia Castanea sativa 2- 4- , Bjerkandera adusta,
Schizopora flavipora, Stereum hirsutum, Trametes gibbosa, Trichaptum biforme.
40 , ,
36 (90%) 4 (10%)
( .1). , -
-.
650–700 1700–2100 .
- 800–
1600 ,
-. - ,
557 1650 .
.
-. , - - ,
- .
(
-)
Д10Ж. ,
. -
(Carpinus
caucasia), 1400 . . ., (Castanea sativa),
1200 , ,
(Tilia rubra, . platiphyllos), , , .
(Picea orientalis), (Betula
verrucosa, . litwinowii). , ,
.
-95 ,
-: Fagus orientalis Abies Nordmanniana.
-:
. 9.5%
, Fistulina hepatica, Fomes fomentarius,
Ganoderma lucidum, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Phellinus hartigii, Phellinus chrysoloma (Fr.) Donk, Phellinus igniarius (L.) QЮцХ., Phaeolus schweinitzii, Heterobasidion
annosum (Fr.) BrОП. 90.5%
( . 1).
Abies Nordmanniana 51
. 1- : Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.)Donk.,
Phellinus hartigii (Allesch. & Schnabl) PКЭ.
2-Pycnoporellus fulgens, Phellinus hartigii, Ischnoderma trogii (Fr.) Teixeira, Gloeophyllum odoratum (Wulfen) Imazeki, Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schwein.), Fomitopsis pinicola, Hymenochaete cruenta (Pers.) Donk, Postia caesia (Schrad.) P. Karst., Postia stiptica (Pers.) JüХТМС, Pycnoporellus alboluteus (Ellis & Everh.) Kotl. & Pouzar, Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen) P. KКrsЭ. .
3- : Physisporinus sanguinolentus
(Alb. & Schwein.) PТХпЭ, Trichaptum abietinum, Skeletocutis subincarnata (Peck) Jean Keller, Rigidoporus crocatus (Pat.) Ryvarden, Pycnoporellus fulgens, Phellinus hartigii, Ischnoderma trogii, Hapalopilus ochraceo lateritius (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & Singer, Gloeophyllum odoratum, Ganoderma lipsiens, Fomitopsis rosea, Fomitopsis pinicola, Cylindrobasidium evolvens (Fr.) JüХТМС, Crustomyces subabruptus (Bourdot et Galzin) JüХТМС, Coniophora olivacea (Fr.) P. Karst., Ceriporia purpurea (Fr.) Komarova, Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.) P. Karst., Antrodia crassa (P. Karst.) Ryvarden, Vesiculomyces citrinus (Pers.) Hagstr., Phlebia mellea OЯОrС. .
4-Antrodia serialis (Fr.) Donk, Antrodia crassa, Antrodiella fissiliformis (PТХпЭ) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Ceriporia tarda (Berk.) Ginns, Crustoderma dryinum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)Parmasto, Cystostereum murrayi (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pouzar, Erastia salmonicolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) NТОЦОХт & KТЧЧЮЧОЧ, Physisporinus sanguinolentus, Postia floriformis (QЮцХ.) JüХТМС, Skeletocutis alutacea, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Gloeophyllum odoratum, Fomitopsis rosea, Fomitopsis pini-cola, Phellinus hartigii, Ganoderma lucidum, Rigidoporus crocatus . 5-
Abies Nordmanniana Phellinus hartigii, Ganoderma lucidum, Postia floriformis, Gloeophyllum odoratum, Ischnoderma benzoinum,
Ceri-poria viridans (Berk. & Broome) Donk. Fomitopsis
pinicola 4–5 ; Phellinus hartigii, Ischnoderma benzoinum
Abies Nordmanniana , Phellinus hartigii, Fomitopsis pinicola, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Gloeophyllum odoratum, Pycnoporellus
fulgens. ( ) Sparasis laminose Fr., Sparassis crispa
(Wulfen) Fr. Hydnellum: Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch)
P. Karst. Hydnellum sp.
Fagus orientalis
. 1-
-: Steccherinum ochraceum, Polyporus ciliatus Fr.
2-Fagus orientalis Datronia mollis, Ganoderma lipsiens, Schizophyllum commune, Stereum hirsutum, Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) P. Karst., Trichaptum biforme, Trametes pubescens, Plicatura crispa (Pers.) Rea, Lenzites betulinus, Laxitectum bicolor, Junghuhnia separabillima (Pouzar) Ryvarden, Inonotus nodulosus (Fr.) P. Karst., Inonotus cuticularis (Bull.) P. Karst., Fomes fomentarius, Ceriporiopsis resinascens (Romell) DШЦКńsФТ, Aporpium caryae (Schwein.) Teixeira & D.P. Rogers,
Antrodia albida (Fr.) Donk. 3-
-: Irpex lacteus, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Trichaptum biforme, Trametes pubescens, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsute (Wulfen) Lloyd, Trametes ochracea, Steccherinum litschaueri (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Erikss., Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller, Polyporus ciliatus, Phlebia tremellosa, Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P. Karst., Phlebia radiate Fr., Phlebia rufa, Ganoderma lipsiens, Fomes fomentarius, Antrodiella pallescens (PТХпЭ)
NТОЦОХт & MТОЭЭТЧОЧ . 4- Fagus orientalis
Antrodia malicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Donk, Bjerkandera adusta, Fomes fomen-tarius, Polyporus varius, Ganoderma lipsiens, Fomitopsis pinicola, Ganoderma
lu-cidum, Phlebia tremellosa. 5-
-: Fomes fomentarius, Ischnoderma resinosum, Phlebia tremellosa. Fomes fomen-tarius, Ganoderma lipsiens 4 , Stereum hirsutum
3 . , ,
-Fagus orientalis 2- 5- , Fomes
fomentarius, Ganoderma lipsiens, Trametes gibbosa. ( )
-Calocera viscosa (Pers.) Fr., Bondarzewia mesenterica (Schaeff.) Kreisel., Romaria sp.
- 69 (75%)
( ), 23 (25%) – ,
( . 1). ,
-.
, ,
1800 2200–2400 . . .
-. , ,
,
, ,
-, , .
-(Betula litwinowii Doluch.) .
1850 1980 . . .
.
, (Salix
caprea L.), (Sorbus boissieri C.K. Schneid.).
10 ,
. 1900 . . .
-.
17 . Betula litwinowii
15 .
2-Antrodiella sp., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst., Tyromyces kmetii (Bres.) Bondartsev & Singer, Polyporus ciliatus Fr., Schizophyllum commune Fr., Stereum
hirsutum. 3- Betula litwinowii Datronia sp., Fomes
fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Lenzites betulinus, Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., Schizophyllum commune, Trametes hirsuta.
4-– Fomitopsis pinicola. Fagus orientalis
: 7 ,
Betula litwinowii.
2-Fagus orientalis Fomes fomentarius
-: Bjerkandera adusta, Polyporus ciliatus, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes
ochracea. 3- Fomes fomentarius.
-Fomes fomentarius, Trametes hirsuta
3 . Fomes fomentarius
.
-, 17 (100%) .
15 (88.2%), 2 (11.8%) –
-( .1).
-.
ч
-, ,
( . 1).
( , ),
- ,
-.
,
Д4Ж.
-
,
. ,
[2].
-.
-.
( . 1).
, ,
,
. ,
- ,
.
-,
,
.
,
-,
.
, .
-,
, ,
.
Daedalea quercina, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma
lipsiens, Trametes gibbosa, Trichaptum biforme.
Fomitopsis pinicola, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Gloeophyllum odoratum, Phellinus hartigii, Phellinus ferruginosus.
.
,
-.
–
,
Д2Ж.
,
-.
(95) - (557–1650 . . .).
(80–90 . . .) 46 ,
(110–112 . . .) 40 .
,
.
(1850–1980 . . .) –17 .
-,
. ,
--
-,
.
1. . ., я . ., . . . -
/ . . . . – .: , 1987. – 190 .
2. . . - . –
: « », 1993.–231 .
3. . .
- : . . … . . . – .: ,
1979. – 20 .
4. . . . – :
, 2003. – 269 .
5. . ., . . . – .:
, 1979. – 99 .
6. Е. .
// /
. . . . . – : , 2000. – . 31–41.
7. . ., я . .
. – .: , 1969. – 325 .
8. . .– .: - , 1967. –
276 .
9. . . - . – .: , 1986.–222 .
10. . ., я . ., . . . – :
-, 1961. –342 .
11. Ryvarden L., Gilberston R.L. European polypores. Part 1. Abortiporus–Lindtneria // Synop-sis Fungorum 6. – Oslo: Fungiflora, 1993. – P. 1–387.
12. Ryvarden L., Gilberston R.L. European polypores. Part 2. Meripilus–Tyromyces // Synopsis Fungorum 7. – Oslo: Fungiflora, 1994. – P. 388–743.
17.10.14
Х ч –
-, ( ) , . , .
* * *
WAYS OF MYCOGENETIC DECOMPOSITION OF WOOD
IN THE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA
S.I. Khacheva
This paper discusses ways of mycogenetic decomposition of wood (saprotrophic, phytopathogenic, corrosive, and destructive) in different forest ecosystems within the specially protected natural territories of the Republic of Abkhazia with regard to the ecological and biological features of xylotrophic fungi. Data on the distribution of aphyllophoroid fungi along the forest types, as well as their spread depending on habitat conditions in the altitude range from 5 to 1980 m above sea level, are discussed. It has been the first time when the methodical study of the species composition of aphyllophoroid fungi was performed. Regularities of their substrate confinement have been determined. The dominant complex of fungi species destructing the main wood substrates in different forest associations has been revealed.
Keywords: biodiversity, aphyllophoroid fungi, successions.
References
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Mid-dle Sikhote-Alin region. Extended Abstract of Cand. Biol. Sci. Diss. Moscow, Moscow State Univ.,
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in Nature. Leningrad, Nauka, 1969. 325 p. (In Russian)
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12. Ryvarden L., Gilberston R.L. European polypores. Part 2. Meripilus–Tyromyces. Synopsis
Fun-gorum 7. Oslo, Fungiflora, 1994, pp. 388–743.
Received October 17, 2014
KСКМСОЯК SopС’вК IllКrТonoЯnК– PhD Student, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
