,•ÂœÀ» ﻦﻳاياﺮﺑ هدﺮﮔزا
هﺪﺷهﺪﻳﺮﺑهزﺎﺗﻪﻨﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿودﺎﺑ
ﻲﻤﺳا 5 / 2 و 5 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻚﺸﺧﻚﻳردﺲﭙﺳوﺪﺷﻪﻴﻬﺗﺮﺘﻣ ﻦﻛ
يﺎﻣدردﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ
° c 40 ﻲﺒﺴﻧﺖﺑﻮﻃر و 50
ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺗ
ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﺖﺑﻮﻃر 6
ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻚﺸﺧ
.
ﻃر
جوﺮﺧ
يﻮﮕﻟا
،ﺎﻣد
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
،ﺖﺑﻮ
رد
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻧ
نﺎﻳداﺮﮔ
يﺎﺘﺳار
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
و
ﺎﻫ
ﺮﻋ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
و
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻲﺿ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﺎﻫ
هزاﺪﻧا
ﺪﺷ
يﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﻪﻛ
داد
نﺎﺸﻧ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﺎﺑ
،ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
جوﺮﺧ
خﺮﻧ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
رد
هﮋﻳو
ﻪﺑ
ﻊﻓد
و
بﺬﺟ
)
ﻚﻴﭙﻜﺳوﺮﮕﻴﻫ
(
و
هﺪﺷ
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
نﺎﻳداﺮﮔ
ﺐﻴﺷ
و
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺖﺤﺗ
ﺎﻣد
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
ﻲﻟ
راﺮﻗ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﺖﻓﺮﮕﻧ
.
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
زﺮﻤﻣ
بﻮﭼ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
و
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﺎﺑ
2
m
19 -10 × 91 / 2 و
1
-s
2
m
9 -10 × 29 / 3
هزاﺪﻧا
ﺪﺷ
يﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻦﻳا
،زﺮﻤﻣ
بﻮﭼ
ﻢﻛ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻪﺑ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﺎﺑ
ﺔﺳﻼﻛ
رد
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ا
ﺖﺨﺳ
ﻲﺑﻮﭼ
يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ
راﺮﻗ
بﻮﭼ
ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ
ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
رد
عﺎﺒﺷ
دﺮﻴﮔ
.
بﻮﭼ
،نآ
ﻢﻛ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻞﻴﻟد
ﻪﺑ
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ
رد
ياﺮﺑ
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﻲﻳﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ
ﻲﻣ
دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ
،ﺖﺳا
بآ
رﺎﺨﺑ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ
رد
ﻻﺎﺑ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﻪﺑ
زﺎﻴﻧ
ﻪﻛ
دﻮﺷ
.
يﺎﻫ
هژاو
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ
:
بﻮﭼ
زﺮﻤﻣ
،
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
،
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
،
)
ﻚﻴﺘﻨﻴﺳ
(
ﻚﺸﺧ
نﺪﺷ
* تﺎﺒﺗﺎﻜﻣلﻮﺌﺴﻣ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
زا
ﻲﻜﻳ
ﻞﮕﻨﺟ
ﺐﻟﺎﻏ
يﺎﻫ
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ناﺮﻳا
لﺎﻤﺷ
يﺎﻫ
لﺎﻤﺷ
يﺎﻬﻠﮕﻨﺟ
زا
ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﻪﻛ
ﺖﺳا
)
457
راﺰﻫ
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ
(
و
هداد
صﺎﺼﺘﺧا
دﻮﺧ
ﻪﺑ
ار
33
ﺪﺻرد
بﻮﭼ
ﻢﺠﺣ
ﻫد
ﻲﻣ
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ
ار
لﺎﻤﺷ
يﺎﻬﻠﮕﻨﺟ
يﺎﭘ
ﺮﺳ
ﺪ
]
1
[
.
بﻮﭼ
،نﺎﻤﻠﺒﻣ
ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ
،يﺮﮔدورد
رد
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
و
ﺶﻛور
ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ
،ﻪﻳﻻ
ﺎﺳ
ﺐﻟﺎﻗ
يزﺎﺳﻮﻛﺎﻣ
و
يز
يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ
يدﺎﻳز
دراد
.
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
يرﺎﻤﺷﺮﭘ
ﺮﺑ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو
يور
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻦﻳا
ﻢﻬﻣ
يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺷ
مﺎﺠﻧا
ﻲﺑﻮﭼ
.
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
هوﮋﭘﺎﺳرﺎﭘ
)
1990
(
نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻪﻛ
داد
ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ
ﻚﺸﺧ
و
ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ
رد
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
12
ﺪﺻرد
ياﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
79
/
0
و
83
/
0
3 kg/cmو
ناﺰﻴﻣ
نآ
يرﻮﺤﻣ
و
ﻲﺳﺎﻤﻣ
،ﻲﻤﺠﺣ
ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺸﻜﻤﻫ
ﻪﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
8
/
18
،
8
/
6
و
5
/
0
ﺖﺳا
ﺪﺻرد
.
ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻦﻴﻤﻫ
لوﺪﻣ
،فﺎﻴﻟا
يزاﻮﻣ
ﺶﺸﻛ
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻲﻧﺎﺴﺸﻛ
،
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
نآ
فﺎﻴﻟا
ﺎﺑ
يزاﻮﻣ
رﺎﺸﻓ
و
ﺶﻤﺧ
1350
،
162000
،
1600
و
820
2 kg/cmﺪﺷ
شراﺰﮔ
]
2
[
.
لﻮﻃ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
فﺎﻴﻟا
ﺮﻄﻗ
،
ﺣ
هراﻮﻳد
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
و
ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ
هﺮﻔ
ﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ياﺮﺑ
زﺮﻤ
ﺪﻧزﺎﻣ
ﺮﺴﻳو
هﺎﮕﺸﻳور
زا
نار
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
ﺎﺑ
1400
،
18
و
37
/
3
نوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
و
ﻦﻴﻨﮕﻴﻟ
و
ﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳ
ﺪﺻرد
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
نآ
5
/
48
و
5
/
17
ﺪﺻرد
هﺪﺷ
شراﺰﮔ
ﺖﺳا
]
3
[
.
ﻲﻋﺎﻔﺗرا
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﻪﺳ
زا
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
درﻮﻣ
رد
ﻞﮕﻨﺟ
ﻢﻟﺎﺳا
يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
لوﺪﻣ
،ﻚﻴﺗﺎﺘﺳا
ﺶﻤﺧ
يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻧﺎﺴﺸﻛ
ﻣ
رﺎﺸﻓ
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
و
فﺎﻴﻟا
ﻪﺑ
يزاﻮ
ﺮﺗ
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ
رد
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
51
/
68
،
5
/
9070
و
56
/
22
رد
و
لﺎﮕﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
دازآ
ياﻮﻫ
رد
هﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ
52
/
130
،
5
/
15607
و
36
/
41
ﻴﻌﺗ
لﺎﮕﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ
ﻴ
ﺪﺷ
ﻦ
]
4
[
.
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
يورﺮﺑ
صاﻮﺧ
يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
داد
نﺎﺸﻧ
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻪﻛ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
فﺎﻴﻟا
لﻮﻃ
ناﻮﺟ
بﻮﭼ
ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
047
/
1
لﻮﻃ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
و
ﻎﻟﺎﺑ
بﻮﭼ
نآ
828
/
1
ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ
ﺖﺳا
]
5
[
.
ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ
صاﻮﺧ
بﻮﻃﺮﻣ
يﺎﻬﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳور
رد
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ
و
ﺮﺗ
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺪﺷ
شراﺰﮔ
]
6
[
.
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ
رد
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻦﻳا
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
رد
ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ
ﻪﮕﻧ
يراد
ﺦﻴﻣ
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﺪﺷ
ﺮﺗ
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ
رد
ﺦﻴﻣ
ندﺮﻛ
وﺮﻓ
ﻪﻛ
ﺖﺨﺳ
ﻲﺳﺎﻤﻣ
ﺖﻬﺟ
رد
ﺖﺳا
نآ
ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺷ
ﺖﻬﺟ
زا
ﺮﺗ
]
7
[
.
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
رد
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺎﻫ
يورﺮﺑ
هﺪﺷ
مﺎﺠﻧا
ي
ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻣ
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﺺﺨﺸ
ﻪﻛ
ﺪﺷ
ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ
ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ
بﻮﭼ
ﺪﺻرد
و
دراد
يدﻮﻌﺻ
ﺮﻴﺳ
نآ
ﻦﺑ
ﺖﻤﺳ
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺧرد
جﺎﺗ
زا
زﺮﻤﻣ
]
8
[
.
ﺎﺑ
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
دﻮﺟو
رﺎﻤﺷﺮﭘ
زﺮﻤﻣ
بﻮﭼ
يور
ﺮﺑ
ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻛ
ﺪﺷ
هرﺎﺷا
ﺎﻬﻧآ
زا
ﻲﻀﻌﺑ
،
)
ﻚﺘﻴﻨﻴﺳ
(
ﺐﺋاﺮﺿ
و
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻦﻳا
مﺮﺟ
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺸﻧ
.
آ
زا
ﻲﻫﺎﮔ
)
ﻚﺘﻴﻨﻴﺳ
(
ﻲﻣ
ﻲﺑﻮﭼ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻚﻳ
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
رد
ار
ﺎﻣ
ﻚﻤﻛ
نآ
ياﺮﺑ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﻲﻨﻛ
ﻚﺸﺧ
بﻮﭼ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﻦﻳوﺪﺗ
ﺪﻨﻛ
.
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
1
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
و
2
ﺐﺋاﺮﺿ
زا
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
بﻮﭼ
ﻢﻬﻣ
مﺮﺟ
رﺎﻤﺷ
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻳآ
.
ترﺎﺒﻋ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ا
لﺎﻴﺳ
رﻮﺒﻋ
رد
ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ
هدﺎﻣ
ﻚﻳ
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ
و
ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ
زا
ﺖﺳ
آ
زا
ترﺎﺒﻋ
بﻮﭼ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
و
ن
ا
ﻪﺑ
نآ
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ
زا
ﺖﺳ
ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ
يﺎﻫراﺪﺟ
زا
بآ
رﺎﺨﺑ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
.
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
عﺎﺒﺷا
ظﺎﺤﻟ
ﻪﺑ
بﻮﭼ
ياﺮﺑ
ﻊﻳﺎﻣ
ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ
داﻮﻣ
ﺎﺑ
نآ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳﻮﭘ
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
رد
ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ
ياراد
ﺖﺳا
ﺖﻴﻤﻫا
.
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ
ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ
رد
ﺰﻴﻧ
بﻮﭼ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
داﻮﻣ
يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ
،يﺪﻨﺑ
و
ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ
ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ
ﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ
و
ن
ﻲﺑﻮﭼ
يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺖﺳا
.
ا
ﺎﺑ
،ﻦﻳا
ﺮﺑ
هوﻼﻋ
ﺳ
و
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﺋاﺮﺿ
زا
هدﺎﻔﺘ
ﻲﻣ
بﻮﭼ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ار
نآ
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
ناﻮﺗ
دﺮﻛ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ
.
ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﺋاﺮﺿ
-يﺎﻫ
هزاﺪﻧا
ار
ﻲﺑﻮﭼ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
هدﺮﻛ
يﺮﻴﮔ
ﺪﻧا
.
ياﺮﺑ
لﺎﺜﻣ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
بﻮﭼ
شار
) F. silvatica (
رد
ﺖﻬﺟ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
2m
17-10
×
2
/
1
ﺎﺗ
2m
17-10
×
25
و
رد
بﻮﭼ
طﻮﻠﺑ
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
2m
16-10
×
68
/
0
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺷ
شراﺰﮔ
]
10
،
9
[
.
ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺮﺛﻮﻣ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
رد
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
بﻮﭼ
ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ
ﻲﻣ
نآ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
و
بﻮﭼ
يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ
ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ
ﺮﺘﻤﻛ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
زا
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
]
12
،
11
[
.
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
يﺎﻫ
يدﺎﻳز
ياﺮﺑ
هزاﺪﻧا
يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
يﺎﻫ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺷ
مﺎﺠﻧا
.
ياﺮﺑ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
لﺎﺜﻣ
شار
(
F.silvatica)
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
0076
/
0
.
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺷ
شراﺰﮔ
]
13
[
.
ﻦﻳا
ﺪﻫ
ﺎﺑ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
ف
)
ﻚﻴﺘﻨﻴﺳ
(
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
3زﺮﻤﻣ
بﻮﭼ
(Carpinus betulus)هزاﺪﻧا
و
ﺐﺋاﺮﺿ
يﺮﻴﮔ
مﺮﺟ
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
4)
ﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
و
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔ
(
ﻪﺑ
نآ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو
ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
و
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ
مﺎﺠﻧا
ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻦﻳا
لﺎﻴﺳ
دﻮﺷ
.
Permeability 1 Diffusion coefficient 2 3 Drying kinetics 4
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ
)
1
(
:
ﻞﻜﺷ 2
-ﻪﺘﺨﺗردﻞﭘﻮﻛﻮﻣﺮﺗﺐﺼﻧزاﻲﻳﺎﻤﺷ
يﺎﻫ 5 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ يﺮﺘﻣ
هزاﺪﻧا
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
يﺮﻴﮔ
ﺲﭘ
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
زا
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑدﺮﮔ
ﻪﺘﻣ
زا
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺎﺑ
،
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻫ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا
يﺎ
لﻮﻃ
ﺎﺑ
ﻞﻜﺷ
يا
20
ﺖﻬﺟ
رد
ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ
ﺪﺷ
ﻪﻴﻬﺗ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
.
رد
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
يزﺎﺳ
نﺎﺴﻜﻳ
ياﺮﺑ
ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻪﻤﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻫ
،
تﺪﻣ
ﻪﺑ
ﺎﻬﻧآ
12
ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻤﻴﻠﻛ
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
رد
زور
ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
65
يﺎﻣد
و
ﺪﺻرد
c
°
20
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ
راﺮﻗ
.
رد
ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ
حﻮﻄﺳ
ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﺷ
دوﺪﻧا
ﻲﺴﻛﻮﭘا
ﻦﻳزر
ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫ
لﺎﻴﺳ
نﺎﻳﺮﺟ
ﺎﺗ
)
اﻮﻫ
(
ﻬﻨﺗ
ﺎ
رد
ﻚﻳ
ﺪﻫد
خر
ﺖﻬﺟ
.
،ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ذﻮﻔﻧ
نآ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ
هزاﺪﻧا
هﺎﮕﺘﺳد
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺑﺎﺟ
بآ
ﻢﺠﺣ
شور
ﻪﺑ
يزﺎﮔ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
بآ
زا
هﺪﺷ
ﺎﺟ
لﺎﺣ
رد
هزاﺪﻧا
طﻮﻘﺳ
ﺪﺷ
يﺮﻴﮔ
)
ﻲﻘﺗ
يرﺎﻳ
،
2008
،
ﻞﻜﺷ
3
(
]
14
[
.
هزاﺪﻧا
يزﺎﮔ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
يﺮﻴﮔ
شور
ﻪﺑ
بآ
نﻮﺘﺳ
)
بآ
طﻮﻘﺳ
لﺎﺣ
رد
نﻮﺘﺳ
(
ا
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺎﺑ
لﻮﻣﺮﻓ
ز
)
ﻮﺳ
،
1984
(
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ندروآ
ﺖﺳد
ﻪﺑ
ياﺮﺑ
يﺮﻫﺎﻇ
)
K
g(
مﺎﺠﻧا
ﺪﺷ
]
15
[
.
ياﺮﺑ
ﺮﻳز
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ
زا
هزاﺪﻧا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
يﺮﻫﺎﻇ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
يﺮﻴﮔ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ
)
2
(
.
هزاﺪﻧا
هﺎﮕﺘﺳد
زا
ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻞﻜﺷ
رد
3
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺷ
هداد
نﺎﺸﻧ
.
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ
)
2
(
:
رد
ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ
:
=K
gهﮋﻳو
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﻲﻟﻮﻃ
ي
)
2(m
= r
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ
عﺎﻌﺷ
هزاﺪﻧا
ي
يﺮﻴﮔ
(m)
(m
3)
π
r
2∆
z
=V
d ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﺖﺑﻮﻃر–
ﻪﻴﻟواﺖﺑﻮﻃر
نﺪﺷﻚﺸﺧنﺎﻣز
)
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
( =
ندﺮﻛﻚﺸﺧخﺮﻧ
C = 1 + V
r(0.074
∆
z)
V
d(P
atm– 0.074⎯z)
(%/h)
kg = Vd C L (Patm-0.074⎯z ) × 0.760m Hg
ﻞﻜﺷ 3
-هزاﺪﻧاهﺎﮕﺘﺳدزاﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧ
يﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧﺐﻳﺮﺿيﺮﻴﮔ
ﻞﻜﺷ 4
-هزاﺪﻧاهﺎﮕﺘﺳد
ﻧاﺐﻳﺮﺿيﺮﻴﮔ
نﺎﺠﻨﻓشورﺎﺑرﺎﺸﺘ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺚﺤﺑ
و
ﻨﻴﺳ
ﻴﺘ
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
ﻚ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
يﻮﮕﻟا
ﻪﺑ
طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﺎﻫ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺰﻴﻧ
و
ﻞﻜﺷ
رد
ﺎﻬﻧآ
رد
ﺎﻣد
5
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺷ
هداد
نﺎﺸﻧ
.
،رﺎﻈﺘﻧا
ﻖﺒﻃ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﻲﻤﺳا
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫ
5
/
2
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
رد
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﻲﻤﺳا
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺎﺑ
يا
5
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺮﺗدوز
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻪﺑ
ﺳر
ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ
ﺪﻧﺪﻴ
.
ﻟوا
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
ﻪﻴ
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ
42
دﻮﺑ
ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
و
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫ
5
/
2
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺲﭘ
زا
168
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
و
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺎﺑ
ي
5
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺮﺘﻣ
زا
ﺲﭘ
312
ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
6
ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳر
ﺪﺻرد
.
يﻮﮕﻟا
ﻪﺘﺨﺗ
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
رﺎﺘﻓر
ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫ
يدﺎﻋ
ﻚﻳ
ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﻪﺑ
بﻮﭼ
نﺪﺷ
ﻚﺸﺧ
ﻲﻃ
ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ
هدﺎﻣ
ياﻮﻫ
ﻲﻳﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ
شور
ﻪﺑ
RH2
ﻪﻧزور
ﻲﺑﻮﭼﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
Naclعﺎﺒﺷالﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﺸﻴﺷنﺎﺠﻨﻓ
يا
ﻲﺳيوﻲﭘ
RH1
ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻻ ﻲﻧورد بآيدورونﺰﺨﻣ
ﻲﺑﻮﭼﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺐﺼﻧﻞﺤﻣ
ﺎﻫﺮﮕﺴﺣ
ﻞﻜﺷ 5
-ﻪﺘﺨﺗنﺪﺷﻚﺸﺧيﻮﮕﻟا
نﺪﺷﻚﺸﺧﻲﻃﺎﻣدرﺎﺸﺘﻧاوﺎﻫ
ﻞﻜﺷ 6
-يﺎﻫﻪﺘﺨﺗﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿردﻲﺋﺎﻬﻧﺖﺑﻮﻃرنﺎﻳداﺮﮔ
25 و 50 يﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗﺰﻐﻣ
25 ﻲﻤﺳاﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑﻪﺘﺨﺗ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ 25
ﻲﻤﺳاﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑﻪﺘﺨﺗ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ 50
ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ
ﻪﺘﺨﺗﺰﻐﻣ 50 ﻪﺘﺨﺗﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ 50
ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﺘﺨﺗﺢﻄﺳ
لوﺪﺟ 2
-ﺮﮕﻳدﻲﺑﻮﭼيﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣردزﺮﻤﻣبﻮﭼﻲﺿﺮﻋيﺮﻳﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧﺐﻳﺮﺿﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺶﻴﭘ
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻲﻣ
ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻦﻳا
يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
عﺎﺒﺷا
ﻪﻛ
دﻮﺷ
ﻊﻳﺎﻣ
ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ
داﻮﻣ
ﺎﺑ
،ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻲﺑﻮﭼ
راﻮﺷد
و
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
رد
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫ
دﺎﻳ
هﺪﺷ
هدﺎﻣ
ﻖﻳرﺰﺗ
ياﺮﺑ
يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
يژﺮﻧا
ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
زﺎﻴﻧ
بﻮﭼ
نورد
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ
.
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
رد
ﺎﻫ
1
-s
2m
9-10
×
61
/
2
ﻲﻟا
1-s
2m
9-10
×
4
دﻮﺑ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
.
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪﻤﻫ
رد
،ﺎﻫ
رد
ياﺪﺘﺑا
،ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ
نﺎﺳﻮﻧ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ
نزو
دﻮﺑ
دﺎﻳز
ﺎﻫ
.
ﻪﻤﻫ
رد
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ
،ﺎﻫ
ﺲﭘ
زا
ﺖﺷﺬﮔ
20
،زور
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
و
نز
ﻲﺘﺑﺎﺛ
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺒﺛ
ﺪﻴﺳر
.
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ناﺰﻴﻣ
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ
نزو
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺮﻫ
رد
ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ياﺮﺑ
زور
يﺎﻫ
5
و
5
/
2
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
ﺎﺑ
005
/
0
و
007
/
0
مﺮﮔ
دﻮﺑ
.
ﻣ
ﻧﺎﻴ
بﻮﭼ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻦﻴﮕ
ﺖﻬﺟ
رد
زﺮﻤﻣ
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
1
-s
2m
9-10
×
46
/
3
دﻮﺑ
.
رد
لوﺪﺟ
4
د
زﺮﻤﻣ
بﻮﭼ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ر
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﺮﮕﻳد
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲﺑﻮﭼ
يﺎﻫ
)
ﻞﺋﻮﻧ
و
ﺮﺑﻮﻨﺻ
،شار
(
ﻪﺋارا
ﺖﺳا
هﺪﺷ
.
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
رد
زﺮﻤﻣ
بﻮﭼ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ
دﺎﻳ
ﻲﻣ
ناﻮﺗ
ﺶﻴﭘ
ﻪﻛ
دﺮﻛ
ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
رد
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
،نﺎﺴﻜﻳ
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
رد
زﺮﻤﻣ
بﻮﭼ
ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺎﻫ
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻪﻛ
ﺪﻧراد
يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﻲﺿﺮﻋ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﻲﮕﺘﺸﻏآ
بآ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
رد
ﺮﻳد
ﺮﺗ
ﺪﺷ
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لوﺪﺟ 3 -ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻋرﺎﺸﺘﻧا هزاﺪﻧاﻲﺿﺮ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧياﺮﺑپﺎﻛشورﻪﺑهﺪﺷيﺮﻴﮔ
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) Carpinus betulus ( ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ) cm ( هﮋﻳومﺮﺟ ﻲﻧاﺮﺤﺑ 3 gr/cm
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) 2 m ( ﻖﻘﺤﻣ طﻮﻠﺑ ) Qurecus rubra ( 16 -10 × 68 / 0
Chen et al. (1996)
شار ) Fagus sylvatica ( 17 -10 × 18 / 2 17 -10 × 2 / 1 ﺎﺗ 17 -10 × 25
Tarmian & Perre (2009)
ﺮﺑﻮﻨﺻ ) P. robusta ( 16 -10 × 18 / 0 نوﺮﺑبﻮﭼ 16 -10 × 05 / 5 ﺎﺗ 16 -10 × 57 / 1
Rousset et al. (2004)
نوردبﻮﭼ 17 -10 × 7 / 0 زﺮﻤﻣ 19 -10 × 91 / 2 ﺮﺿﺎﺣﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻞﺋﻮﻧنوﺮﺑبﻮﭼ ) Picea abies ( 17 -10 × 9 ﺎﺗ 17 -10 × 39
Tarmian & Perre (2009)
4- golbabai, F., hossein zadeh, A., Nourbakhsh, A., hosseinkhani, H. and Fakhrian, F., 2001. Changes in engineering properties of wood Hornbeam in three regions, Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research 15: 33-60. (In Persian).
5- Hosseini, Z., 1991. Juvenal wood effect on the mechanical strength of wood pulp from poplar and Carpinus betulus and Alnus quarters, Journal of Natural Resources 45: 40-60. (In Persian). 6- Palandzhyan, VA. and Pinadzhyan, TV. 1974. Inrerrelation between some anatomical and physical and mechanical properties of Hornbean wood. Sb. Tr. Arm. Nll stroit. Materialow I sooruzh 23: 122-131.
7- Perelygin, LM. and Orlova, EK., 1953. Driving and withdrawal resitance of nails . Trud. Inst. Les 9: 8-371.
8- Bielczyk, S., 1953. Investigations of physical and mechanical properties of wood Quercus robur and carpinus betulus originating from a forest community resembling a natural community 3 (3): 92-110.
9- Chen, Y., Choong, E.T. and Wetzel, D.M., 1996. A numerical analysis technique to evaluate the moisture-dependent diffusion coefficient on moisture movement during drying. Wood and fiber science 28: 338-345.
10- Tarmian, A. and Perre, P., 2009. Air permeability in longitudinal and radial directions of compression wood of Picea abies L. and tension wood of Fagus sylvatica L. Holzforschung 63: 352-356.
11- Absetz, I., 1993. Sorption isotherm and moisture diffusivity comparison of spruce and pine, Seminarium I Tra¨mekanik.
12- Pang, S., 1997. Relationship between a diffusion model and a transport model for softwood drying. Wood and Fiber Science 29 (1): 58-67.
13- Tarmian, A., 2008 Reaction wood drying kinetics: compression wood in Picea abies and tension wood in Fagus sylvatica. Ph.D. thesis, University of Tehran, 121 p. (In Persian).
14-Taghiyari, H., 2008. Evaluation of Juvenile Wood and Mature Wood Properties of Populus deltoides (69/55) and Populus euroamericana (cv. I-214) for Pulping Industry, Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. (In Persian).
15- Siau, J.F., 1984. Transport processes in wood. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Newyork 245. 16- Malmquist, L., 1991. Lumber drying as a diffusion process. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 49: 161-167.
17- Baettige, R., Remond, P. and Perre, P., 2006. Measuring moisture content profiles in a board during drying : a polychromatic X-Rey system interfaced with a vacuum/Pressure laboratory kiln Wood Sciene and Technologe 4: 261–274.
18- Perre, P., 2005. The role of wood anatomy in the deying of wood. great oaks from little acorns grow. 8th International IUFRO Wood Draying Conference .
19- Choong, E.T. and Kimbler, O.K., 1971. A technique of measuring water flow in wood of low permeability, Wood science 4: 32-36.
20- Rousset, R., Perre´, P. and Girard, P., 2004. Modification of mass transfer properties in poplar wood (P. robusta) by a thermal treatment at high temperature. Holz Roh Werkst 62: 113–119.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, Vol.2, No.1, Spring & Summer 2011 51
Measuring the Drying Kinetics and Mass Transfer Coefficients of Hornbeam
Wood (
Carpinus betulus
) from Nooshahar Region
Mosayeb Dalvand
1, Sadegh Maleki
2, Hadi Gholamiyan
3*,
Asghar Tarmian
4Abstract
In this research, drying kinetics and mass transfer coefficients (permeability and diffusion) of hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus) from Nooshahar region were investigated. For this purpose, several boards with two nominal thicknesses of 2.5 an 5 cm were prepared from a freshly cut log. The boards were dried inside a laboratory kiln at the dry bulb temperature of 40°C and relative humidity of 50% to the final moisture content of 6%. The pattern of moisture loss, thermal diffusion, final moisture gradient along the board thickness, transverse permeability and diffusion coefficients were then measured. The results showed that by increasing of board thickness, the rate of moisture loss decreased, particularly in the hygroscopic range and the moisture gradient increased, but the thermal diffusion was not affected. The transverse permeability and diffusion coefficient of hornbeam wood was 2.91 × 10 -19 m 2 and 3.29 × 10 -9 m 2s-1, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that due to low transverse permeability coefficient of hornbeam wood, this species is difficult to be impregnated in common wood preservation process. In contrast, due to low diffusion coefficient, hornbeam wood is recommended for applications where high resistant to water vapor diffusion is required.
Keywords: Hornbeam wood, Permeability, Diffusion, Drying kinetics
*
