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Revista Brasileira de Geof´ısica (2007) 25(1) © 2007 Sociedade Brasileira de Geof´ısica ISSN 0102-261X

www.scielo.br/rbg

ABSTRACTS OF THESES AND DISSERTATIONS

O GE ´OIDE GRAVIM´ETRICO E O N´IVEL M´EDIO DO MAR NA REGI ˜AO DO DATUM ALTIM´ETRICO BRASILEIRO: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO

Alexandre Bernardino Lopes Orientador: Dr. Nelsi Cˆogo de S´a (IAG-USP) 82 p. – Dissertac¸˜ao (Mestrado) – Defesa 15.05.2006

RESUMO.Um estudo sobre a compatibilidade de um ge´oide gravim´etrico recente com o n´ıvel m´edio do mar noDatum altim´etrico do Sistema Geod´esico Brasileiro (SGB) foi realizado. A metodologia usada consiste na comparac¸˜ao do ge´oide gravim´etrico com o n´ıvel m´edio do mar, materializado pelo mar´egrafo de Imbituba (SC), e an´alise dos desn´ıveis entre os mar´egrafos da costa brasileira em relac¸˜ao ao de Imbituba, determinados por nivelamento geom´etrico e dados oceanogr´aficos. A unificac¸˜ao deData altim´etricos, investigada em v´arios centros de pesquisas geod´esicas, visa homogeneizar altitudes ortom´etricas em escalas regional e global atrav´es de t´ecnicas espaciais de posicionamento e modelos geoidais gravim´etricos. Entre as propostas para a unificac¸˜ao deData altim´etricos, a utilizac¸˜ao de modelos geoidais gravim´etricos vem se mostrando adequada tanto do ponto de vista te´orico como pr´atico. Assim, foi determinada a componente sistem´atica noDatum de Imbituba a partir da comparac¸˜ao de um ge´oide gravim´etrico da Am´erica do Sul, obtido atrav´es da colocac¸˜ao por m´ınimos quadrados, e o ge´oide GPS/nivelamento, determinado atrav´es dos dados da Rede GPS do Sul/Sudeste do Brasil (RGSB). Para representar a componente sistem´atica noDatumaltim´etrico brasileiro foram usados trˆes formas: 1) determinac¸˜ao da componente sistem´atica na RN fundamental da RAFB (RN 4X), 2) c´alculo da m´edia ponderada da componente sistem´atica a partir das RNs mais pr´oximas aoDatum, e 3) modelagem da componente sistem´atica usando modelo matem´atico da transformac¸˜ao de similaridade a partir de todos os dados da RGSB. Os resultados, obtidos no c´alculo do n´ıvel m´edio do mar a partir de dados oceanogr´aficos, mostram que as diferenc¸as em relac¸˜ao ao mar´egrafo de Imbituba s˜ao, em grande parte, causadas por mudanc¸as das caracter´ısticas oceanogr´aficas (salinidade, temperatura, densidade e press˜ao) ao longo da costa. A remoc¸˜ao da componente sistem´atica, obtida noDatum, diminuiu significativamente a diferenc¸a entre os ge´oides gravim´etrico e GPS/nivelamento nas RNs da RAFB; entretanto o ajuste da componente sistem´atica, atrav´es da transformac¸˜ao de similaridade, utilizando todos os dados da RGSB apresentou os melhores resultados na compatibilizac¸˜ao dos ge´oides gravim´etricos e GPS/nivelamento.

ABSTRACT.A study on the compatibility of a recent gravimetric geoid with the mean sea level in altimetricDatumof theSistema Geod´esico Brasileiro

(SGB) was accomplished. The used methodology consists in comparing gravimetric geoid with mean sea level, at the tide gauge of Imbituba (SC), and the analysis of differences among tide gauges of Brazilian coast with respect to Imbituba, obtained by geometric leveling and oceanographic data. The unification of altimetricData, investigated in several geodetic research centers, aiming the standardization of orthometric heights in regional and global scales by using spatial positioning techniques, and gravimetric geoid models. Among the suggestions for the altimetricData unification, the use of gravimetric geoid models is adequate in both, theoretical and practical points of view. Thus, a systematic component at ImbitubaDatum was determined by comparing a South American gravimetric geoid, obtained by least-squares collocation, and GPS/leveling geoid, determined at stations of theRede GPS no Sul/Sudeste do Brasil(RGSB). To represent the systematic component in Brazilian altimetricDatum, three approaches were used: 1) determining the systematic component at the fundamental benchmark of the RAFB (RN 4X); 2) computing the weighted mean from the stations closer to theDatum, and 3) modeling the systematic component by using the similarity transformation model from all stations of the RGSB. The results of mean sea level, computed from oceanographic data, show that differences with respect to Imbituba tide gauge are mostly due to oceanographic characteristics (salinity, temperature, density, and pressure) along the coast. The removal of systematic component atDatum, has significantly reduced the difference between gravimetric and GPS/leveling geoids; however, the adjustment of systematic component by using the similarity transformation model, has shown the best results in representing the differences between gravimetric and GPS/leveling geoids.

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