بررسی تأثیر حضور عروسک‌ نمایشی کلاه‌قرمزی بر اضطراب قبل از عمل جراحی آپاندیسیت در کودکان بستری در بیمارستان دکترشیخ مشهد

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ

ﺗ

ﺄ

ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﻴﺛ

ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ

ﻩﻼﻛ

ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ

ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ

ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ

ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ

ﺭﺩ

ﺦﻴﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﺪﻬﺸﻣ

ﻲﻧﺎﺤﻳﺭ ﻪﺒﻴﻃ 1

، * ﺍﺮﻫﺯ ﻥﺎﻘﻫﺩ 2 ، ﻥﺎﻴﻋﺎﺠﺷ ﺎﺿﺭ 3

، ﺡﺎﻜﻧ ﻱﺮﻐﺻﺍ ﻦﺴﺤﻣﺪﻴﺳ 4

، ﻲﻧﺎﺷﻭ ﻡﺎﻨﻬﺑ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻴﻤﺣ 1

1 . ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺯﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،

،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲ ﺍ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳ

2 . ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺯﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺍ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳ

3 . ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﭗﻴﺷﻮﻠﻓ ﺍ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳ

4 . ،ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺑﺮﺗ ﻲﺘﻴ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﺍ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳ

* ﻝﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :

ﻦﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ ،ﺍﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻩﺍﺭﺭﺎﻬﭼ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ،ﺎﻨﻴﺳ

ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ

ﻚﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺖﺴﭘ :

dehghanz901@mums.ac.ir

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻌﻳﺎﺷ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ .

ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻪﻧ

ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ﺞﻧﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻱﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ

ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ . ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻫﺍﺭ ﺏﺎـﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ

ﻢﻛ ﻢﻛ ﻭ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺳﺭ

.

ﻑﺪﻫ : ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺗﺄ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﻴﺛ

ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻩﻼﻛ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ

ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ .

ﺵﻭﺭ : ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ

،ﺪﻬـﺸﻣ ﺦﻴـﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ 50

ﻙﺩﻮﻛ 6 ﺎﺗ 12 ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﻪﻋﺮﻗ ﺎﺳ ﻲﺸﻛ ﻩﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ .

ﻩﻼﻛ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ

ﻙﺩﻮـﻛ ﺎـﺑ ﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ . ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺲﭙﺳ RCMAS

ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻲـﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑ ﺺـﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺭﺎـﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ

. ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺯﺁ ﻮﻣ ﻥ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻘﺘﺴﻣﻲﺗ ﻞ ﻭ ﻲﺗ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ ﺎﺑ ﺍ ﺎﻔﺘﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩ ﺮﻧ ﻡ ﺍ ﺰﻓ ﺭﺍ SPSS ﺶﻳﺍﺮﻳﻭ 5/ 11 ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : 18 ﻭ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ 32 ﻲﻨﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺴﭘ 2

±

45 /9 ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ .

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ

ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ 7/

16

±

9/ 48 ﻭ 4/ 12

±

5/ 31 ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ 3/

17

±

5/ 45 ﻭ 6/ 19

±

1/ 59 ﺩﻮﺑ .ﺗ ﻭ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮـﻛ ﺍﺪـﻴﭘ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻣ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ

) 001 /0 < p .(

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ : ﻲﻣ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻩﻼﻛ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻫﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ .

ﻠﻛ ﻩژﺍﻭﺪﻴ ﺎﻫ : ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ،ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ 6

-12 ﻝﺎﺳ

ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

17 / 03 / 1393

ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻚﻳ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺯ

)1 ( ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ؛ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎـﻳ ﻲﻤﺟﺎـﻬﺗ ،گﺭﺰـﺑ ﺎـﻳ ﻚـﭼﻮﻛ ،ﻩﺪـﺸﻧ ﺎـﻳ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﺮﻴﻏ .

ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺎﻣﺍ

ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ ﺭﻭﺁ

ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱﺪـﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﺍﺮـﭼ ؛ﺩﻮـﺷ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺪﺑ ﺖﻴﻣﺎﻤﺗ )2

(.

ﺎـﺗ ﺮﻔـﺻ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 15

ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ﻪـﻛ ﻝﺎـﺳ

77 / 42 ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻞﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺩ

)3 ( ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻭ

ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ 7

ﺎﺗ 12 ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﻑﺮـﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﻼﻋﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ

ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ 9

ﻠﻴﻣ ﻲـﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺕﺭﻭﺮـﺿ ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲـﻣ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎـﻧﺁ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﻲﻤﺴﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺩﺯﺎـﺳ

.

ﺖﻣﻼـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎـﻬﺟ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻒﺴﻴﻧﻮﻳ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ءﺰﺟ ﺍﺭ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﺍ )3 ( .

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ 30 ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 5

ﺯﺍ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ

ﻥﺁ ﻲـﻣ ﻱﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ

)4 ( .

ﺘﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻚـﻳ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﻱﺮ

ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻄﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻢـﻫ ﻥﺁ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ

ﺽﺮـﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻜﻠﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻴﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﻓﺁﺮﻄﺧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ )3

( .

ﻪﻘﺑﺎـﺳ ،ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﻴﺣ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻲﺘﻳﺎـﻤﺣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺱﺮﺘـﺳﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ )5

( . ﺮـﺘﻬﺑ ﻪـﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦـﺳ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪـﭼ ﺮـﮔﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ؛ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻥﺁ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﻴﺣ ﻭ ﺖـﻴﻨﻣﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺎـﻳﺯ ﻦﻳﺪـﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮـﻀﺣ .

ﺏﺍﺮﻄــﺿﺍ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ

ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻱﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﺕﺪـﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﺳ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ،ﻪﺒﻳﺮﻏ ﻪﻳﺪﻐﺗ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ

،ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺟ ،ﻲﮕﻧﺎﺧﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ،ﺎﻨﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

)5 (.

ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻚﻳ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻮﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩ

)6 ( ؛ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺭﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻫﺎـﮔﺁ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﻱﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺯﺎـﻏﺁ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﺳﺭ

)2 , 5 , 7( ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﻲـﻤﻳﻼﻋ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﺐـﻠﻗ ﺶﭙـﺗ ﻭ ﺱﺮﺗ ،ﺖﻴﻧﺎﺒﺼﻋ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻳﺮﭘ ،ﺶﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )8 ( . ﻚـﻳژﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻝﺎـﻤﻋﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ

ﻲـﻣ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﺐﻠﻗ ﻥﺎﺑﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺧﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻱﺮـﻄﺧ ،ﺪـﻨﻛ

ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﻃﺎـﺨﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ) 10 , 9( .

ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ

ﺞـﻧﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻪـﻜﻠﺑ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻱﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ

) 11 ( . ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻝﺎـﻤﻋﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ

ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ ﻲــﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻝﻮــﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ )

ﻪــﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ

ﻲــﺑ ﻪــﺑﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺩﺮــﻛ ﺭﺍﺭﺩﺍ ،ﻪــﻳﺮﮔ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﻪــﺑ ﺯﺎــﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻮــﺧ

ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ

) 12 ( ﺎـﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ

ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﻻﻼﺘــﺧﺍ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺎــﻜﻳﺭ ﻪــﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺮﺘــﺴﻳﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰــﻓﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ )

ﺱﻮﺑﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ (

ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ،

ﺐﺷ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﺍﺬﻏ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻱﺭﺍﺭﺩﺍ

)8 , 12 (.

ﻱﺭﻭﺎـﻜﻳﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻳﺍﻮﻓ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲـﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑ ﻦﻴـﺣ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،ﺮﺘﻌﻳﺮﺳ ﻱﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺯ ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺗ ،ﺩﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺽﺭﺍﻮﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﺷ ) 13 ( . ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ

ﺭﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ﻲـﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺣﻭﺭ ﺽﺭﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ،ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻥﺩﺮﻜﻧ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ )

14 (

.

ﺭﺁ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﺩﺮـﻓ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﺶﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ

ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﻭ ﻲـﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩﺮﻴﻏ )

15 (.

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﻲـﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ :

ﺶﻳﺎـﻤﻧ

ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪـﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ،ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻳﻮﻳﺪﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﻮﻧ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﺩﺮـﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺣ )

16 (. ﻭ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻨﭼ ﺮـﻫ

ﻢـــﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺪـــﻟﺍﻭ ﻂـــﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺎـــﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺵﺯﺍﻮـــﻧ ﻞـــﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮـــﺗ

ﻲﻣ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻛﺎﻣﺭﺎﻓﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻒـﻴﻔﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆــﻣ ﻥﺎــﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻞــﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄــﺿﺍ )

15 ( . ﺭﺩ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺍﻮـﺣ ﻥﺩﺮـﻛ ﺕﺮـﭘ ﺎـﻳ ﺮـﻜﻓ ﻑﺍﺮـﺤﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ

) 13 .(

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﻜﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺮـﺑ ﻱﺩﺪـﻌﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺮﺛﻮـﻣ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ )3

( . ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﻱﺮﺘﻧﻼﻛﺮﻗﺎﺑ )

1373

(

ﻧ ﻡﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸ ﺖﻳﺍﺪـﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪـﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﻲــﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞــﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞــﺒﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻙﺩﻮــﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄــﺿﺍ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻮــﺼﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ ) 14 ( . ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻜﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻙﺎﻧﺩﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ .

ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻪــﻠﻤﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ Prabhakar

ﻭ

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ) 2007 ( ﺮﺑ ﺮﻜﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ

ﻥﺍﺪـﻧﺩ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ

ﻥﺎ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ .

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻜﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ .

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ Huth

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ )

2004 ( ﻥﺎﺸﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﺳ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﻚﻠﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺑﺭ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ

) 1386 ( ﺍﺭ ﻲـﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ

ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .

ﻱﺍﺮـﺟﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﻮـﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎـﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻥﺁ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿ

ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻫﺩ ) 14 (.

ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺪ

ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

ﻲﺟ ﻥﻮﻳ ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻦﻴﺷ .

ﻱﺯﺎـﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ،ﻲـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ

ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻦﻴـﭼ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﮕﻤـﺸﭼ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺮﮕﻧﺎـﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺍﺭ

ﺰﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﻲـﺸﻛﺩﻮﺧ ﺮـﻄﺧ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺑﻮﻓ ،ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻥﺍ

ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ .

ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺭﺎﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ )

1385 ( ﻕﺎـﺗﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ

ﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ )

17 ( . ﺛﺍ ﻲﻟﺮﮔﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺮ

ﺮﺑ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﻲﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ،ﺲﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﻧﺎﺧ

ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻭ ﺲـﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ

.

ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺙﺭﺪـﻨﻟ ﻭ ﺮـﮕﻧﺍﺩ

ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺴﺑﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺴﺑﺩ

ﺭ ﻢﻠﻜﺗ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺪـﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍ

. ﻪـﻛ ﺩﻮـﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎـﻴﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ

ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﺖﺳﺍ )

۱۸

(

.

ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺩ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ

ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ

ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘـﺸﮔ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ ﺎـﻫ )

19 ( . ﺯﺍ

ﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﺍﺪـﻣ ﺮﻳﺬـﭙﻟﺩ ﻩﻮﻴـﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ،ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

. ﻪﻄـﺳﺍﻭ ،ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻱﺍ

،ﺱﺎـﺴﺣﺍ ﻝﺩﺎـﺒﺗ ﻭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻭ ﻥﻻﺎﺴﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻱﻮﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻞﺴﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻲـﻣ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ،ﻲﻜﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺍ

ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺪ ﻲﻓﺎـﺿﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﺨﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ .

ﺐـﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ

ﻲﻤـﺴﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ،ﻲﻜﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻭﺭﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ

ﺪﻫﺩ )

۱۹

( .

ﺖﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

) 10 ( . ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺕﺪـﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﻢﻴـﺗ ﻱﺎـﻀﻋﺍ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻦﻴﻜـﺴﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺘﺣﺍﺭ ﻪـﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ

ﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻩﺩﺎ

) 20 (. ﺶـﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺲﺣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ

ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ) 11 ( . ﻢـﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻬﺑ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪـﺿﺭﺎﻋ

ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ

ﻭﺭ ﻲـــﻣ ﻢـــﻬﻣ ﻢـــﻫ ﺵ ﺪـــﺷﺎﺑ

. ﺩﺭﻮـــﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎـــﻳﺯ ﺕﺎـــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﻚـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲــﻟﻭ ؛ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻡﺎــﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺎــﻣﺭﺩ

ﻦﺗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﭘﺎﭘ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺵﻮﭘ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺖﭘﺎﭘ .

ﻥﺪـﻳﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪـﻗﻼﻋ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺏﻮﺒﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺩﺎﺷ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺷ

ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ ﺮـﻣﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﻮـﻀﺣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ) ﻩﻼﻛ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ( ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ

ﺪﻬـﺸﻣ ﺦﻴـﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ 50 ﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻥ 12 -6 ﻟﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﺖﻴـﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﺺﻴﺨـﺸﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻪ

ﻥﺎﺘـﺴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺰﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻬـﺸﻣ ﺦﻴـﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ 1392 ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .

ﻕﻮـﻓ ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﺦﻴـﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲـﺼﺼﺨﺗ

ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴـﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ 6

-12 ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ

ﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸ .

ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ :

ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ

ﺺﻴﺨــﺸﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﺪﻬــﺸﻣ ﺦﻴــﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲــﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺶــﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﻴﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ؛ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻮـﻀﺣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ؛ﺪﻧﺍ

ﺐﻘﻋ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺒﻣ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ

ﻦﻣﺰﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ )

ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺖﺑﺎﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﻴﻠﻛ

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ (

ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﻲﺑﻮـﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ

ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺩ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ )

ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ

ﺩﺭﺩ FACES ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ (

؛ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ

ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻦﺳ ؛ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻠﻏﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ 6

-12 ﻝﺎـﺳ

ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻭ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ :

ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺼﻧﺍ

ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺯﺎـﻴﻧ ﻲـﺴﻧﺍژﺭﻭﺍ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ؛ﻲﻠﻴﻟﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﺣ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ؛ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ .

ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ »

ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢـﺠﺣ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

« ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ

ﺮـﺑ ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ 95

ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 80

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

25 ﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﻧ .

ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﺪـﺟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ

ﻩﺩﺎـﺳ ﻲﻓﺩﺎـﺼﺗ ﺺﻴـﺼﺨﺗ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺍ

2 ﻊـﻤﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ

ﺪﺷ . ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ،ﻡﺮﻓ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪـﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻩﺪﻧﻭﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

ﻮﻛ ﺭﺎﻜـﺷﺁ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺪـﺷ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩ

. ﺭﺍﺰـﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ RCMAS

) Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (

ﻪﺑ

ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 37 ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ) 28 ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻁﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﻪـﻳﻮﮔ 9 ﻍﻭﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﺞﻨﺳ ( ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺦﺳﺎﭘ » ﻲﻠﺑ « ﺎـﻳ » ﺮـﻴﺧ « ﺮـﻫ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﺠﻣ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻉﻮﻤ ﻱﺎﻫ » ﻲﻠﺑ « ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺮـﻤﻧ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ

.

ﺶـﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻃﺎـﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﺯﻮـﻣﺁ

ﻲﻫﺎـﺸﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻱﻮـﻘﺗ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ )

1386 ﻭ 1382 (

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .

ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ RCMAS

ﺎـﺑ

ﮔ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻴﺼﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ؛ﺪـﻳﺩﺮ

ﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 67 /0 ﻭ 66 /0 ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ .

ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺭﺩ

ﻪـﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﻛ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﻮﻘﺗ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ) 67 /0 ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ) 21 (.

ﻑﺪـﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﺭﺍﺰـﺑﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺎﭘ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻱﺎـﻔﻟﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎـﺑ ﺭﺍﺰـﺑﺍ ﺩﺪـﻌﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ 78

/0 ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ .

ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓ ﻉﻮـﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﻱﺭﺍﺰـﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻱﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻔﻛ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻛ

.

ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺯﻮﭘﻭﺮﭘ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ

ﺯﺍ ﺯﻮـﺠﻣ ﺬـﺧﺍ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻕﻼﺧﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎـﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ

ﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ ،ﺦﻴﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ .

ﺺــﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻚــﺷﺰﭘ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺲــﻧﺍژﺭﻭﺍ ﺎــﻳ ﻩﺎــﮕﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎــﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺷ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

. ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺺـﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺎﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ

ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴـﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﺺﻴﺨـﺸﺗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

. ًﺍﺭﻮـﻓ ﻲـﺴﻧﺍژﺭﻭﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﺘﻛﺪـﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﺪـﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺝﺭﺎـﺧ ﺮﮕـﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻧ . ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ NPO ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ . ﻡﺮـﺳ ﻭ ﻲـﭘﺍﺮﺗ ﻲﺘﻧﺁ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﺯﺎﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺽﺭﺍﻮﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﭘﺍﺮﺗ

ﻲﻣ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷ

7 ﺎﺗ 9 ﻚـﺷﺰﭘ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﺢﺒـﺻ

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ

.

ﻛ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ

. ﺏﺎـﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻡﺮـﻓ

ﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻣ

ﻑﺬـﺣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﻦﻳﺪـﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﻮﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﺏﺎـﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺪﺟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ

. ﺲﭙـﺳ

ﻦﻳﺪـﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪـﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺦﻴﺷ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

5 ﺎﺗ 10 ﻪﺑ ﻩﺮﻬﭼ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺮﻬﭼ .

ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ

ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺬﺧﺍ ﻲﺒﺘﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﻭﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .

ﻪـﻋﺮﻗ ﺎـﺑ ،ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎـﺳ ﻲـﺸﻛ

ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﻫ ﻱﺎ » ﻪﺳ ﻪﺒﻨﺷ ﻪﺒﻨﺷ « ﻭ » ﻪﺒﻨﺸﺠﻨﭘ ﻪﺒﻨﺷﻭﺩ « ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .

ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ »

ﻪﺳ ﻪﺒﻨﺷ ﻪﺒﻨﺷ « ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ

ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ » ﺞﻨﭘ ﻪﺒﻨﺷﻭﺩ ﻪﺒﻨﺷ « ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻫ

ﺖﻴﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ،ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .

ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺲﭙﺳ

ﺪﻣﺁ . ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ ﻚـﻳ ﺢﺒﺻ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ

ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ؛ﺩﻮﺑ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺭﺎـﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ

ﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺲﭙﺳ ؛ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺭ ﻲ

ﺭﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻭ »

ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻧﺎــﻣﺭﺩ ﻲ ﻲــﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞــﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞــﺒﻗ « ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎــﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .

ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺮﮕـﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ

ﻕﺎـﺗﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺿﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺎـﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﺏﺍﺮﻄ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻩﺪـﺷﺮﻛﺫ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ .

ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻢﻴـﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ : 1 - ﻦﻳﺯﺎـﻏﺁ ﻞـﻣﺎﻌﺗ : ﻩﻼـﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺰـﻣﺮﻗ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﺳﺮﭙﻟﺍﻮﺣﺍ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

. ﻩﻼﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﻼﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ

ﻲـﻣ ﻮﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪـﻨﻛ . 2 - ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ :

ﻪـﻳﻭﺭ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ

) ﻭ ﺱﺎـﺒﻟ ﺾﻳﻮـﻌﺗ (...

ﻚـﻤﻛ ﺎـﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻩﻼﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ

. 3 - ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ :

ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻊﺑﺭ ﻚﻳ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ .

ﻕﺎـﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻩﻼﻛ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ،ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺑ ﻪـﭽﺑ ﺭﺎـﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ

ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ . ﻙﺩﻮـﻛ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻩﻼﻛ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ـﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻞـﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻢـﻫ ﺮ

. ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻑﻭﺮﮔﻮـﻤﻟﻮﻛ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻛ

ﻚﻠﻳﻭﻭﺮﻴﭘﺎـﺷ ﻭ ﻑﻮﻧﺮﻴﻤـﺳﺍ

ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ . ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲ

ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ

ﻲﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ ،ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻥﻮـﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ

ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺍ

ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔ

ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ SPSS ﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﺶﻳ 5/ 11 ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ،ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻼﻴـﺼﺤﺗ ،ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺪﭘ ﻦﺳ ،ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺍﺮﻤﻫ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ،ﺭﺎـﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ ،ﻙﺩﻮـﻛ ﺭﺩﺎـﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺪﭘ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ،ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺪﭘ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

.

ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘـﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﻨﻛ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ .

ﺵﻭﺪﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﻨﻨﻛ

ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ

. ﺖـﺤﺗ ﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲـﻨﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﺵﻭﺪﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻪﻛ ﻢﻫ ﻱﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 1 : ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻨﮕﻤﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ

ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻦﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ

ﻪﻓﺮﻃ P= /057

ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻱﺎﻛﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ

P= /0 56

ﺭﺪﭘ ﻦﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ

ﻪﻓﺮﻃ P= /0 26

ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻦﺳ ﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ

ﻚ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ P= /0 32

ﺭﺪﭘ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻱﺎﻛﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ

P= /0 52

ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻱﺎﻛﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ

P= /0 18

ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺮﺸﻴﻓ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ

P= /0 35

ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻛﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ

P= /0 93

ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ

ﻪﻓﺮﻃ P= /0 14

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 2 : ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﺗ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ 7/ 16 ± 9/ 48 3/ 17 ± 5/ 45 p= /0 48

ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ 4/ 12 ± 5/ 31 6/ 19 ± 1/ 59 001 /0 < p

ﻲﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ 001 /0 < p 001 /0 < p

ﻚـﻴﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﻣﺩ ﺕﺎـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻦـﮕﻤﻫ

. ﺮـﺜﻛﺍ

ﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ )0

/ 64 ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ﻭﺩ ﻲﻨـﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ،

ﻩﻭﺮــﮔ 2 ± 45 /9 ﺭﺎــﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺖﻋﺎــﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ، 8/ 3 ± 8/ 10 ﻭ 0/ 74

ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .

ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 3/ 17 ± 5/ 45 ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺩﻮﺑ

ﺑ ﻪ 6/ 19 ± 1/ 59 ﺖـﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ .

ﻲـﺗ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻪـﻛ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻲـﺟﻭﺯ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻫﺩ ) 001 /0 < p .( ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ 7/ 16 ± 9/ 48 ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ 4/

12 ± 5/ 31

ﻲـﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻲـﺟﻭﺯ

ﻦﻴـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺪـﻫﺩ ) 001 /0 < p .( ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﻲﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ) 001 /0 < p .( ﺚﺤﺑ

ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺑﺎﻳ

ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲ »

ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ

ﺗﺄ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﻴﺛ

ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻩﻼﻛ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺮـﺑ

ﻲــﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞــﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴــﺴﻳﺪﻧﺎﭘﺁ ﻱﺮﺘــﺴﺑ ﻥﺎــﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺦﻴﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ « ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ

.

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ، ﻩﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕ

ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ .

ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺹﻮـﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﻩﺍﺭ ﻪـﻛ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺎﻜﻫ

ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫﺭ

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪـﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .

ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻲـﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ًﻼﻣﺎـﻛ ﻱﺍ

ﻦﺗ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺵﻮﭘ

ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺗ ؛ﺪﺸﻧ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺎﻫﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺞﻳ

ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻟﻭ ؛ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﻢـﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ

ﻲﺘـﺳﺩ ﻚـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ )

ﺖـﭘﺎﭘ ( ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ

ﻥﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

.

ﻩﮋـﻳﻭ ﻩﺎـﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻨﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﭽﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺐـﻠﺟ ﻭ ﻲـﮕﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ

ﻦﻬﻛ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺨﻴﻣﺁ ﻲﻣﺩﺁ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻳ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ » ﻲﻛﺭﺁ ﭗﻳﺎﺗ « ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ )

22 ( . ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻢﻛ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ

ﻲـﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮـﻓ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻪﻴﻠﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ،ﺶﻘﻧ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ

) 23 ( . ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ )

24 ( .

ﻱﺮﻐﺻﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺡﺎﻜﻧ )

1390 ( ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﻱﺍ

ﻱﺯﺎـﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﻲﻜـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ

ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣﺩﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ

ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ؛ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ

ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻜﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺪـﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣﺩﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ .

،ﻲﺗﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪـﺑ

ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻪـﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻜﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺍ

ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣﺩﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻥ

ﺖﺳﺍ ) 25 (. ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ 10

ﻙﺩﻮﻛ 3 -6 ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻝﺎﺳ

،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 22 ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ .

ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﺑ ﺪـﻟﺍﻭ ﺎـﺑ ،ﻥﺁ ﻲـﻃ ﺮﮕﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ؛ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﺴﻴﺗﻭﺍ

ﻲﻣ ،ﻲﺘﺳﺩ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﻮﻛ

ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﻛ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗﺮﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ )

25 ( . ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﺳ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

. ﺯﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺳﺭ

ﻦﺗ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻮﭘ

ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﺩﺮﮔ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻩﺪـﻳ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺄــﺗ ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ﻑﺪــﻫ ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎــﺒﻗﺭﺍ

ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻲﮔﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﻲـﺑ ﺮـﺴﭘ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﺖـﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ

ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻂـﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻤـﺸﭼ ﺕﺍﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ؛ﺪـﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻫ

ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎ

) 23 ( . ـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪ

6 ﻙﺩﻮـﻛ 6 -7 ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ؛ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎـﺳ 12

ﺪـﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﻲـﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻩﻮﻴـﺷ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ .

ﻭ ﺎـﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ

ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻖﻳﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺧ

ﻪـﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﮔﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪــﺳﺭﺪﻣ .

ﻚــﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮــﻀﺣ ﺰــﻴﻧ ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﻩﻼﻛ ﻛ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺖﻴﺑﻮﺒﺤﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻪ

ﺍﺭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .

ﻱﺪﺣﺍﻭ ) 1388 ( ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺶـﻧﺍﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻜﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺮﮕـﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﻋ ﻥﺍﺯﻮـﻣﺁ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲـﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺎــﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺮﮕــﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻥﺍﺰــﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻜــﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺶﻳﺎــﻤﻧ ﺕﺭﺎـﻬﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﻋ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ )

24 ( .

Martin ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ )

2009 ( ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺴﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻜـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺶﻳﺎـﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻫﺩ

ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ . ﻪﻧﺎـﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﻲـﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ )

26 ( ﺎـﺑ ﻮـﺴﻤﻫ ﻪـﻛ ؛ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ

ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻚـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﻦﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻩﻼﻛ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺵﻮﭘ

ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻱﺰـﻣﺮﻗ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ؛ﻩﺪﺷ .

ﻥﺍﺭﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻤــﺷﺎﻫ )

2010 ( ﺛﺄــﺗ ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎــﻤﻧ ﺮﻴ

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻜﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺐﻘﻋ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﻣﺁ

ﻲـﻨﻫﺫ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ

ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺕﺍﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ

ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻲـﻣﻼﻛ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ،ﻞﻛ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ

ﺩﻮـﺧﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﻼﻛﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﻼﻛﺮﻴﻏ ﺗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔ

ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ) 24 ( . ﻪـﻛ ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻢـﻛ ،ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ،ﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﺏﺎﺠﻋﺍ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﻲـﻤﻬﻣ ﺶـﻘﻧ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ

ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ

،ﻲﻤـﺴﺟ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﺪﺷﺭ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺍ

ﻭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ...

ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ . ﻲﻜـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻱﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ

ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ

. ﻚـﻳ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺮـﺑ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﻝﺎﺤـﺷﻮﺧ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻚـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮـﻀﺣ ﻭ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﺕﺬﻟ ﻲﻣ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺖﻏﺍﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ؛ﺩﻮـﺷ

ﻩﻼﻛ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻟ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺍ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ

ﺕﺬ ﻙﺩﻮـﻛ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲـﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﺶﺨﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . ﺭﺎـﻤﻌﻣﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺰ

ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ 2

-6 ءﺍﺮـﻫﺰﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ )

ﺱ ( ﻡﺎـﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺷ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ،

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ )

17 (.

ﻲﻤﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻮﻠﻧﺎﻳ

ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ

ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﺳ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻲﺒﻃ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

. ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ

ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ )3

( . ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻌﻴﺑﺭ ،ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ )4

( .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺎـﻤﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ؛ﺖﺳﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻱﺭﺎـﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﻻﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺯﺎــﺑ ﻪــﺴﻠﺟ ﻦﻳﺪــﻨﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻡﺎــﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺯ

. ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ .

ﻚـﻳ ﻂـﻘﻓ ﻚـﺳﻭﺮﻋ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻟﺎـﺳ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ . ﻲﻋﺍﺪﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻣ ﻡﺮﮔﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺡﺮﻔ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻩﺩﺮـﻜﻧ ﻪـﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﺪـﻧﺍ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ .

ﻲﻣ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎـﻣﺍ ؛ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲـﻤﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﺑﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﺘﺴ

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ .

ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻣﺍ ﺎـﻫ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﻭﺭ .

ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺮـﻓ ﻱ

ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ) ﻭ ﻦﺳ ،ﺲﻨﺟ (...

ﻪﻛ ؛ﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻲﻣ

ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ . ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،

ـﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﺗ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻲﻌـﺳ ﻱﺭﺍﺬ

ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺪـﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ

ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ، ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺳﺮﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ .

ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ

ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻌﺳ ؛ﺩﻮﺑ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﻊـﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ،ﻚﺷﺰﭘ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﮔﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻫ

ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺹﺎـﺧ ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ

ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﺭﻮـﻀﺣ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ

ﻩﻼﻛ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻥﺎـﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻣﺮﻗ

6 -12 ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﻲـﻣ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ

ﺩﺩﺮـﮔ . ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻫ

ﻦﺗ ﻱﺎ ﻕﺎـﺗﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﻮﺒﺤﻣ ﺵﻮﭘ

ﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻞﻤﻋ .

ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﻮـﻀﺣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄـﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ

ﺮــﮕﻳﺩ ﺎــﺑ ﻲــﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚــﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮــﻀﺣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄــﺗ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻥﺎــﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻜﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻚﺳﻭﺮﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻱﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺩﻮﺷ

.

ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ

ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ

ﻲـﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺯﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻙﺩﻮﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺪـﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺏﻮﺼﻣ 921145

ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻣ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲ

ﻡﺮـﺘﺤﻣ ﺖـﻧﻭﺎﻌﻣ ﻩﺯﻮـﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ

ﻥﺩﻮـﻤﻧ ﻢﻫﺍﺮـﻓ ﺮﻃﺎـﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺮﻜـﺸﺗ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ .

ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺱﺎﭙﺳ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ،ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ،ﺦﻴـﺷﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻡﺮـﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺍﺭﺎﺘـــﺳﺮﭘ ﻲـــﻣ ﻡﻼـــﻋﺍ ﻲـــﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺶـــﺨﺑ ﺪـــﻨﻤﺟﺭﺍ ﻥ ﺪـــﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ

.

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The influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety

among hospitalized children with appendicitis in Dr Shaikh hospital of

Mashhad

Tayebeh Reyhani1, Zahra Dehghan2, Reza Shojaeian3, Seyedmohsen Asgharinekah4, Hamidreza Behnam Vashani1

1. Instructor of Pediatric Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2. MS in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3. Phd candidate in Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4. Assistant Professor, School of Education and Psychology, Mashhad University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran

* Corresponding author, Email: dehghanz901@mums.ac.ir

Abstract

Background: Anxiety is the commonest problems before surgery. Preoperative anxiety not only causes pain and many suffering for children, but also has a negative impact on the recovery after surgery and probably later than that. Selecting a low risk and cost-effective way to control children's anxiety before surgery seems necessary.

Aim: Influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety in hospitalized children with appendicitis.

Methods: In one quasi-experimental randomized control trial at Dr. Shaykh hospital of Mashhad, 50 children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were being prepared for appendicitis operation, were selected by simple draw and divided into two groups of

intervention and control. Children in the intervention group were familiarized with the puppet Kolah Ghermezi one hour prior to the operation . The RCMAS anxiety test was then