EFECT OF AN EDUCATI VE ACTI ON ON RELATI VES’ KNOW LEDGE ABOUT
CHI LDHOOD BURNS AT HOME
1San dr a Regin a Gim en iz- Pasch oal2 Débor a Mor ais Per eir a3 Edinalv a Nev es Nascim ent o4
Gim eniz- Paschoal SR, Per eir a DM, Nascim ent o EM. Efect of an educat iv e act ion on r elat iv es’ k now ledge about childhood bur ns at hom e. Rev Lat ino- am Enfer m agem 2009 m aio- j unho; 17( 3) : 341- 6.
This ar t icle aim ed t o evaluat e t he effect of an educat ive act ion on t he know ledge of childr en’s r elat ives about bur ns at hom e. Par t icipant s w er e 40 r elat ives of childr en under four year s of age, equally divided bet w een an int ervent ion and cont rol group. An init ial int erview was held, t he educat ive act ion involved a folder about burns and, aft er one w eek, anot her int er v iew t ook place. The answ er s w er e com par ed using Fisher ’s st at ist ical t est . I n t he first int erview, 60 answers on risk sit uat ions were regist ered in t he cont rol group and 62 in t he int ervent ion group; in t he second, t he result s increased t o 61 and 80, respect ively. I n t he first int erview, 90% of t he cont rol gr oup and 8 0 % of t he int er v ent ion gr oup ex pr essed t he belief t hat childhood bur ns can be av oided; in t he second, t his indicat ion decreased t o 84% and increased t o 100% , respect ively. This st udy showed t he im port ance of t he advisor y folder on bur ns at hom e.
DESCRI PTORS: bur ns; healt h educat ion; or ient at ion; fam ily
EFECTO DE UNA ACCI ÓN EDUCATI VA SOBRE EL CONOCI MI ENTO DE LOS MI EMBROS
DE LA FAMI LI A RELACI ONADO CON QUEMADURAS I NFANTI LES EN UN
AMBI ENTE DOMÉSTI CO
El obj et ivo de est a invest igación fue evaluar el efect o de una acción educat iva sobr e los conocim ient os de los fam iliares de niños en lo que se refiere a quem aduras en el am bient e dom ést ico. Part iciparon 40 fam iliares de niños con m enos de cuat ro años de edad, divididos equit at ivam ent e ent re un grupo cont rol y ot ro de int ervención. Fueron realizadas: una ent revist a inicial, una acción educat iva con un im preso propagandíst ico sobre quem aduras y una nuev a ent r ev ist a después de una sem ana. Las r espuest as fuer on com par adas con la pr ueba est adíst ica de Fisher . En la pr im er a ent r ev ist a, fuer on r egist r adas 60 r espuest as de sit uaciones de r iesgo en el gr upo de cont rol y 62 en el grupo de int ervención; en la segunda, aum ent ó para 61 y 80 indicaciones, respect ivam ent e. En la prim era ent revist a, 90% de los part icipant es del grupo de cont rol y 80% del de int ervención dij eron creer que la quem adura puede ser evit ada. En la segunda, la indicación dism inuyó para 84% y aum ent ó para 100% , r espect iv am en t e. Est e est u dio m u est r a la im p or t an cia d e la or ien t ación u san d o im p r esos pr opagan díst icos sobr e quem adur as en el hogar .
DESCRI PTORES: quem adur as; educación en salud; or ient ación; fam ília
EFEI TO DE AÇÃO EDUCATI VA SOBRE O CONHECI MENTO DE FAMI LI ARES A RESPEI TO
DE QUEI MADURAS I NFANTI S EM AMBI ENTE DOMÉSTI CO
O obj et ivo dest e t rabalho foi avaliar o efeit o de ação educat iva sobre o conhecim ent o de fam iliares de crianças a r espeit o de queim adur as em am bient e dom ést ico. Par t icipar am 40 fam iliar es de cr ianças m enor es de quat r o anos, divididos igualm ent e em grupos int ervenção e cont role. Foram realizadas ent revist a inicial, ação educat iva com folder de queim aduras e ent revist a após um a sem ana. As respost as foram com paradas, ut ilizando- se t est e est at íst ico de Fisher. Na prim eira ent revist a, regist rou- se 60 respost as de sit uações de risco no grupo cont role e 62 no grupo int ervenção; na segunda, aum ent ou para 61 e 80 indicações, respect ivam ent e. Na prim eira ent revist a, 90% dos part icipant es do grupo cont role e 80% do grupo int ervenção verbalizaram acredit ar que a queim adura infant il pode ser evit ada; na segunda, a indicação dim inuiu para 84% e aum ent ou para 100% , respect ivam ent e. Est e est udo m ost rou a im port ância da orient ação com folder de queim aduras em am bient e dom ést ico.
DESCRI TORES: queim adur as; educação em saúde; or ient ação; fam ília
1This research was support ed byo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvim ent o Cient ífico e Tecnológico, CNPq, and Minist ério da Saúde, DECI T; Universidade Est adual Paulist a “ Júlio de Mesquit a Filho”, Cam pus Marília, Brazil: 2Psychologist , Ph.D. in Psychology, Facult y, e- m ail: srgp@t erra.com .br; 3Occupat ional Th er apist , Resear ch er, Gr u po de Pesqu isa Edu cação e Aciden t es, e- m ail: debora_ t er api@y ah oo. com . br ; 4Au diologist , Doct or al st u den t , e- m ail: ediquat a@gm ail.com .
I NTRODUCTI ON
B
ur ns ar e fr equent in t he child populat ion. Ov er a t en - y ear p er iod ( 1 9 9 5 - 2 0 0 5 ) , t h ey cau sed sev er e diseases an d/ or deat h s in m or e t h an 8 , 0 0 0ch ild r en u n d er f iv e y ear s of ag e an d in m or e t h an
3,000 childr en ov er t his age( 1). Childr en under t hr ee y ear s of age pr esen t gr eat er r isk , du e t o cu r iosit y,
i m p u l si v e n e ss a n d l a ck o f e x p e r i e n ce t o a sse ss danger s( 2). I gnor ance about t he char act er ist ic phases
o f c h i l d r e n ’ s g r o w t h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t i s o n e ack now ledged fact or fav or ing accident occur r ence( 3 ).
Ch ild h ood b u r n s p r ed om in an t ly occu r in t h e h om e environm ent , especially in t he kit chen( 4). Scalding and
t herm al burns are t he m ost frequent burn t ypes, and are m ore associat ed wit h food preparat ion( 2). The m ost
com m on aggr essor s ar e foods, dr ink s, oil and ot her hot product s, which m ost ly affect t he t runk, shoulder,
ar m and for ear m( 5).
Th e ph y sical r ecov er y of bu r n ed pat ien t s is challenging and longt im e. I t dem ands acut e care and
s u r g i c a l p r o c e d u r e s ( e n t a i l i n g s u s c e p t i b i l i t y t o in f ect ion s an d ot h er com plicat ion s) ; cau ses in t en se
pain w hich, accor ding t o pat ient s, does not im pr ov e af t er m ed i cat i o n ad m i n i st r at i o n( 6 ). Mo r eo v er, t h ey
alm ost always result in em ot ional problem s for vict im s an d t h eir f am ilies an d also g en er at e h ig h f in an cial
cost s( 7- 8).
St u d i es sh o w t h at m o st acci d en t s can b e p r e v e n t e d , b u t a c c i d e n t p r e v e n t i o n p r o g r a m s ,
especially for burns, are scarce in Brazil( 9). Educat ion f or pr ev en t ion can r edu ce ch ildh ood acciden t r isk s.
To achieve t his, various populat ion segm ent s need t o b e m ob ilized( 1 0 ). Cou n selin g in p r im ar y h ealt h car e
w it h a v iew t o in cr eased k n ow led g e on saf et y an d adopt ion of safer behav ior s should be t he pillar s t o
reduce physical inj ury incidence levels( 11). Using print
m at er ials can facilit at e t he acquisit ion, effect iv e use and reinforcem ent process of t his knowledge, besides
s t r e n g t h e n i n g o r a l i n f o r m a t i o n a n d d i s c u s s i o n s bet w een educat or s and t he populat ion( 12).
A pr ev iou s st u dy in a h ospit al en v ir on m en t sh o w ed a si g n i f i can t i n cr ease i n f am i l y m em b er s’
lear n in g on t h is t h em e. St r u ct u r ed in t er v iew s w er e ap p lied b ef or e an d im m ed iat ely af t er an ed u cat iv e
act ion w it h a folder and v er bal int er v ent ion, am ong 3 7 k eeper s of ch ildr en an d adolescen t s h ospit alized
in t h e Pu blic Pediat r ics Sect or of t w o h ospit als in a cit y in t h e in t er ior of São Pau lo St at e. Th e r esu lt s
showed increased responses t o all quest ions addressed
i n t h e scr i p t , w h i ch d e m o n st r a t e d t h e e d u ca t i v e
act ion’s good pot ent ial in t he hospit al cont ext , w hich
is also su ggest ed f or ot h er sit es, in clu din g pr im ar y healt h car e act ions for ex am ple( 13).
The fact t hat dom est ic accident s in childr en a r e p o t e n t i a t e d b y n o n - o b s e r v a n c e , a b s e n c e o f
p r e v e n t i v e b e h a v i o r b y f a m i l i e s a n d l a c k o f
sur v eillance by k eeper s( 14) j ust ifies educat iv e act ions t o pr event ion t his t ype of accident , involving par ent s
and/ or ot her keepers in t his process. Considering t he d i m e n s i o n s o f t h e c h i l d h o o d b u r n p r o b l e m , t h e
p o ssi b i l i t y o f p r ev en t i n g ch i l d h o o d b u r n s t h r o u g h env ir onm ent al or ient at ions and m odificat ions, r esult s
of previous st udies and t he lack of t his kind of st udies in Brazilian nursing, t his research assessed t he effect
of an educat ive act ion on t he knowledge of children’s r elat iv es about childhood bur ns at hom e.
METHOD
Th is r esear ch w as ap p r ov ed b y t h e Et h ics
Com m it t ee at Univer sidade Est adual Paulist a Júlio de Mesquit a Filho ( Prot ocol 1337/ 2006- A) . I t is part of a
set of d if f er en t act ion s w it h in t h e t h em at ic p r oj ect Ed u cat i v e act i on s t o p r ev en t ch i l d h ood acci d en t s:
su ppor t collect ion , st r at egy elabor at ion , applicat ion an d assessm en t , ap p r ov ed b y t h e Nat ion al Cou n cil
for Scient ific and Technological Dev elopm ent ( CNPq) .
Th i s i s a q u a si - e x p e r i m e n t a l( 1 5 ) a n d q u a l i t a t i v e -quant it at iv e( 16) r esear ch design.
En v ir on m en t
Th i s st u d y w a s ca r r i e d o u t i n t h e h o m e
en v ir on m en t of clien t s f r om on e Basic Healt h Un it ( BHU) and one Fam ily Healt h Unit ( FHU) . These Unit s
ar e cir cum scr ibed t o one ( am ong five) r egion( s) in a
m edium - sized cit y in t he int er ior of São Paulo St at e. Th is r egion w as select ed becau se, in t h e last t h r ee
years, it present ed t he highest m orbidit y rat e due t o ex t er n al cau ses in t h e cit y, accor din g t o dat a f r om
t he I nform at ion Cent er of t he Municipal Secret ary for Hy giene and Healt h.
On l y t h r ee h ea l t h u n i t s i n t h e r esp ect i v e region predom inant ly at t ended users under four years
o f a g e a n d w er e ch o sen f o r t h i s r esea r ch . Th u s, t hrough a draft , one was select ed for t he pilot st udy,
o n e f o r t h e c o n t r o l g r o u p a n d a n o t h e r f o r t h e int ervent ion. The rem aining healt h unit s in t he region
w e r e d e s i g n a t e d t o s t u d i e s o n o t h e r a c c i d e n t
Mat er ials
The follow ing w er e used: pr esent at ion let t er, free and inform ed consent t erm , st ruct ured int erview
scr ipt ( ask ing about t he par t icipant ’s per sonal dat a,
si t u a t i o n s f a v o r i n g t h e ch i l d h o o d b u r n , a cci d e n t occu r r en ce an d p r ev en t ion , as w ell as in f or m at ion
r ecept ion about t he t hem e) and an educat iv e folder
a b o u t t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f ch i l d h o o d b u r n s ( a b o u t pr epar ing and hav ing m eals, t he childr en’s bat h and
ca r e w i t h p l u g s, e l e ct r i ca l w i r e s a n d f l a m m a b l e
pr oduct s) . The sam e folder w as used for a r esear ch in t he hospit al environm ent( 13), but wit h differences in
t h e e d u c a t i v e a c t i o n , a s t h e p r e s e n t r e s e a r c h
pr ior it ized pr ev en t ion , w h ile t h e for m er em ph asized epidem iological aspect s.
Par t icipan t s
The t hree healt h unit s list ed all fam ilies wit h
children under four years old w hich lived w it hin t heir a r e a o f c o v e r a g e . Th i s a g e r a n g e w a s s e l e c t e d
becau se lit er at u r e in dicat ed t h e h igh est pr ev alen ce
of childhood burns in t his group.
Aft er several visit s t o t he users’ hom es, which
t o o k p l ace d u r i n g t h e t er m co n ced ed b y CNPq t o
co n cl u d e t h e p r o j ect , 4 0 p ar t i ci p an t s accep t ed t o
p a r t i ci p a t e i n t h e st u d y a n d si g n ed t h e f r ee a n d
in f or m ed con sen t t er m . Tw en t y w er e dist r ibu t ed t o
t he cont r ol gr oup and 20 t o t he int er v ent ion gr oup,
according t o t he t wo healt h unit s t hey belonged t o.
Mat er ial elabor at ion pr ocedu r es
Th e elabor at ion of t h e st r u ct u r ed in t er v iew
script and educat ive m at erial was based on lit erat ure
about t he t hem e and on r esear ch ex per ience in t he
Research Group on Educat ion and Accident s ( EDACI ) .
These m at er ials w er e pr eviously assessed by exper t s
( researchers wit h Mast er’s and Ph.D. degree) in t erm s
of st r uct ural and language adequacy.
A pilot st u dy w as car r ied ou t , in v olv in g 2 0
r elat iv es of ch ild r en u n d er f ou r y ear s of ag e, w h o
at t ended t wo prim ary healt h unit s in t he sam e region.
The result s were again subm it t ed t o expert evaluat ion
an d p er m it t ed m od if icat ion s in t h e d at a collect ion
script , so as t o adapt it t o t he st udy populat ion. Aft er
t he research inst rum ent had been m odified, definit ive
dat a collect ion w as car r ied out .
Dat a collect ion pr ocedu r es
D a t a w e r e c o l l e c t e d t h r o u g h t w o h o m e int erviews, one before and anot her aft er t he educat ive
act ion .
Al l co l l a b o r a t o r s p a r t i ci p a t e d i n t h e f i r st i n t e r v i e w . Th e n , d i a l o g u e d e d u ca t i v e a ct i o n w a s
p e r f o r m e d w i t h t h e i n t e r v e n t i o n g r o u p , t a k i n g
approxim at ely 30 m inut es. All m em bers in t his group received inform ation about the contents of the childhood
burns folder and a copy of the educative m aterial. I n the
control group, the sam e procedure was adopted, however, using a folder on art erial hypert ension, wit h a sim ilar
form at but different inform ation, and the sam e duration
as in the intervention group.
The second int erview was held one week aft er
t he fir st , w it h a v iew t o check ing if t he infor m at ion
addr essed dur ing t he educat iv e act ion had r em ained clear dur ing t his t im e int er v al. Thr ee people did not
par t icipat e ( one in t he cont r ol gr oup and t w o in t he
int er v ent ion gr oup) , because t hey w er e not found at hom e dur ing t he hom e v isit s or w er e not int er est ed
in part icipat ing in t his research phase. Thus, in t ot al,
77 int er v iew s w er e held.
The cont r ol gr oup, w hich had only r eceiv ed
i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t a r t er i a l h y p er t en si o n , r ecei v ed
ex planat ions about childhood bur ns aft er t he second
int erview, so as t o inform t hese persons as well about
how t o pr ev ent t hese accident s.
Dat a an aly sis pr ocedu r es
The int er v iew ees’ answ er s w er e gr ouped per
qu est ion as absolu t e an d r elat iv e fr equ en cies. Mor e
t han one answ er could be giv en t o m ost quest ions,
b u t f r eq u en ci es i n each cat eg o r y w er e cal cu l at ed
according t o t he t ot al num ber of part icipant s in each
gr oup ( cont r ol and int er v ent ion) .
Cat eg or y f r eq u en cies in b ot h g r ou p s w er e
subm it t ed t o Fisher ’s ex act st at ist ical t est , t o check
f o r a s i g n i f i c a n t i n c r e a s e i n t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s ’
declar at ions befor e and aft er t he educat iv e act ion.
RESULTS
As t o t he sit uat ions favoring childhood burns,
du r in g t h e f ir st in t er v iew , 6 0 cor r ect an sw er s w er e
against 62 in t he int ervent ion group. During t he second
in t er v iew , t h is in cr eased t o 6 1 an d 8 0 in d icat ion s,
r espect iv ely, show ing st abilit y in t he cont r ol gr oup’s
g n i r o v a f s t c e j b o d n a s n o i t a u t i S s n r u b p u o r g n o i t n e v r e t n
I Grupocontrole
0 2 = N w e i v r e t n i t s r i
F SecondinterviewN=18 FirstinterviewN=20 SecondinterviewN=19
f % f % f % f %
e v o t
S 15 75 10 56 16 80 17 89
n o r
I 11 55 12 67 11 55 12 63
s t c u d o r p e l b a m m a lf d n a l a c i m e h
C 10 50 11 61 8 40 4 21
r e t h g il d n a h c t a
M 6 30 8 44 7 35 5 26
d o o f t o h d n a n a
P 5 25 11 61 10 50 9 47
g u l
P 5 25 11 61 5 25 5 26
e r i
F 3 15 2 11 1 5 1 5
s t c e j b o t o
H 1 5 2 11 1 5 1 5
s r e h t
O 6 30 13 83 1 5 7 37
a n sw er s, a g a i n st a n i n cr ea se i n t h e g r o u p t h a t
p ar t icip at ed in t h e ed u cat iv e act ion on ch ild h ood
burns, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Dist r ibut ion of par t icipant s’ answ er s in bot h gr oups about sit uat ions and obj ect s t hat can fav or a
childhood bur n at hom e
I n g e n e r a l , i n m o st ca t e g o r i e s, a n sw e r s
fluct uat ed in bot h groups, but t his variat ion was rat her
m or e st r essed in t he int er v ent ion gr oup.
The r isk sit uat ions t he par t icipant s ident ified
w er e m ost ly r elat ed t o t h e k it ch en ( st ov e, pan an d
h ot foods, m at ch an d ligh t er, fir e) an d du r in g m eal
pr epar at ion, m ainly inv olv ing pans and st ov es.
S t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f r e s u l t s i n t h e
int er v ent ion gr oup indicat ed a significant incr ease in
m ost answ er s collect ed dur ing t he second int er v iew :
very significant for “ pan grip t urned out side t he st ove”
( p= 0. 0067) ; significant for “ chem ical and flam m able
subst ances close t o t he fire” ( p= 0.0415) and “ elect ric
d ev i ce w i r e i n t h e ch i l d ’ s r each ” ( p = 0 . 0 4 1 5 ) an d
par t ially significant for “ plug w it hin t he child’s r each”
( p= 0 . 0 8 6 9 ) an d “ v er y h ot bat h w at er ” ( p= 0 . 0 9 6 7 ) .
On t he ot her hand, t he analysis of t he cont r ol gr oup
d id n ot id en t if y a sig n if ican t in cr ease in an sw er s,
except for a reduct ion in t he subcat egory “ child pulling
pan gr ip” ( p= 0.0471) .
Dur ing t he fir st int er v iew in t he int er v ent ion
gr oup, befor e t he educat iv e act ion, 1 6 int er v iew ees
said t hey believed t hat prevent ing childhood burns is
possible, t wo said t hat burns cannot always be avoided,
one said ( s) he did not know and anot her person t hat
( s) h e did n ot believ e in t h is possibilit y. Du r in g t h e
se co n d i n t e r v i e w , a f t e r t h e e d u ca t i v e a ct i o n , a l l
in t er v iew ees r ep or t ed t h ey b eliev ed t h at ch ild h ood
bur ns can be pr ev ent ed.
I n t he cont rol group, init ially, 18 int erviewees
said t hey believed in t his possibilit y, whereas t wo said
t hey did not . I n t he second int erview , as opposed t o
t he int ervent ion group, no sim ilarit y was found in t he
part icipant s’ answ ers. Eight een of t he 19 part icipant s
m ain t ain ed t h eir or ig in al an sw er, an d on e ch an g ed
opin ion .
B e f o r e t h e e d u c a t i v e a c t i o n , i n t o t a l ,
part icipant s in t he int ervent ion group gave 47 report s
o n p r e v e n t i o n m e a s u r e s . A f t e r t h e a c t i o n , t h i s
increased t o 67 answers. I n t he cont rol group, on t he
ot h er h an d , t h e an sw er f r eq u en cy w as p r act i cal l y
m a i n t a i n e d , w i t h 5 0 r e s p o n s e s o n p r e v e n t i o n
m easures in t he first phase against 47 in t he second.
As t o possible pr ev ent ion m easur es t o av oid
childhood burns at hom e, t he m ost indicat ed ones were
relat ed t o t he caregivers’ at t it udes t owards t he child;
care wit h t he st ove, pan and hot foods, chem ical and
flam m able product s, m at ch and light er, plugs and iron.
I n t he int er v ent ion gr oup, t he applicat ion of
t he st at ist ical t est showed a highly significant increase
f or t h e su b cat eg or y “ k eep in g t h e p an g r ip t u r n ed
t ow ar ds t h e in t er n al par t of t h e st ov e” ( p= 0 . 0 0 6 7 )
and a significan t r ise for “ k eeping hot pan s out side
t he child’s r each” ( p= 0.0415) and “ pr ot ect ing plugs”
( p= 0.0424) . No significant variat ion was found in t he
cont r ol gr oup.
About t he occurrence of childhood burns and
recept ion of inform at ion about t he t hem e, during t he
fir st int er v iew in t he int er v ent ion gr oup, par t icipant s
m en t ion ed f iv e ch ildh ood bu r n s. Th e sam e n u m ber
of par t icipant s r epor t ed hav ing r eceiv ed infor m at ion
abou t ch ildh ood bu r n s in t h e past . All collabor at or s
affirm ed t hat t hey t hought it was im port ant t o receive
infor m at ion on how t o pr ev ent t hese accident s.
Based on t he part icipant s’ report s during t he
b u r n s w er e i d en t i f i ed . Ni n e i n t er v i ew ees r ep o r t ed
p r ev iou s in f or m at ion abou t ch ildh ood bu r n s an d all
co l l a b o r a t o r s f o u n d i t w a s i m p o r t a n t t o r e ce i v e infor m at ion on m easur es t o pr ev ent t hese inj ur ies.
Am o n g t h e 1 4 i n t er v i ew ees w h o r ep o r t ed
pr ev ious infor m at ion about bur ns, four affir m ed t hat t h e y r e c e i v e d p r e v e n t i v e a n d t e n r e m e d i a t i n g
i n f o r m at i o n . Al l p ar t i ci p an t s w h o r ep o r t ed h av i n g
r eceiv ed p r ev en t iv e in f or m at ion af f ir m ed t h at t h is cam e from professionals at prim ary healt h care unit s.
Th e r em ed iat in g in f or m at ion cam e f r om a d r iv er ’s
licen se cou r se, post er s at basic h ealt h un it s, fam ily healt h unit s and hospit als, fir em en, TV, int er net and
t he fam ily healt h unit aft er a burn had occurred.
D u r i n g t h e seco n d i n t er v i ew , n o n e o f t h e int erview report ed on t he occurrence of burns or t he
r ecept ion of new infor m at ion in t he int er v al bet w een
t h e in t er v iew s. Ag ain , all p ar t icip an t s f ou n d it w as im por t ant t o r eceiv e infor m at ion about t he subj ect .
DI SCUSSI ON
Th e p ar t icip an t s cor r ect ly r ep or t ed a w id e r an g e of r isk sit u at ion s an d p ossib le m easu r es t o
prevent childhood burns at hom e, but few part icipant s
m ent ioned m ost of t hese sit uat ions, w hich highlight s
t he im port ance of periodical healt h educat ion act ivit ies
in t he populat ion, so as t o m axim ize t heir recollect ion
an d iden t if icat ion of r isk s an d pr ot ect ion m easu r es
a g a i n s t b u r n s a c c i d e n t s . I n d a i l y r e a l i t y, m a n y
behav ior s and sit uat ions end up put t ing adult s’ and
c h i l d r e n ’ s p h y s i c a l i n t e g r i t y a t r i s k . H e n c e , i n
accor d an ce w i t h l i t er at u r e, f am i l i es n eed t o k n ow
a b o u t r i sk s p r e se n t i n t h e h o m e e n v i r o n m e n t t o
e x p a n d t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f a d o p t i n g p r e v e n t i v e
beh av ior s, as lack of k n ow ledge con t r ibu t es t o t h e
occur r ence of t hese ev ent s( 14).
Most in t er v iew ees p er ceiv ed t h e p ossib ilit y
of p r ev en t in g t h is t y p e of accid en t . Th is im p or t an t
d at a m ay in d icat e g r eat er su scep t ib ilit y t o accep t
ch an g es in b eh av ior an d in t h e h om e en v ir on m en t
wit h a view t o avoiding child burns.
Th e r esu lt s of t h is st u d y sh ow ed t h at t h e
group t hat received orient at ions t hrough t he educat ive
act ion, using t he educat ive folder on bur ns, r epor t ed
m o r e r i sk s a n d p r e v e n t i o n m e a su r e s d u r i n g t h e
second int erview in com parison wit h t he cont rol group.
No r ecept ion of new infor m at ion dur ing t he int er v al
bet w een t h e in t er v iew s m ay in dicat e t h at n o ot h er
in for m at ion sou r ces in t er fer ed in t h e assessm en t of
t his st udy ’s educat iv e act ion.
The risk sit uat ions t he part icipant s perceived w er e m ost ly r elat ed t o t he k it chen ( st ov e, pans and
h ot f ood s, m at ch es an d lig h t er s, f ir e) an d t o m eal p r ep ar at ion , m ain ly in v olv in g p an s an d t h e st ov e.
Th ese d at a ar e in lin e w it h scien t if ic lit er at u r e, as st udies show t he k it chen as t he m ain bur n accident
sit e, and fire and hot liquids as t he m ain aggressors( 5).
Ab o u t t h e p r e v e n t i o n m e a su r e s, b e si d e s changes in t he environm ent and habit s, t he caregivers’
at t it udes t ow ar ds t he childr en w er e em phasized. The im por t an ce of adequ at e su per v ision an d or ien t at ion
t o t h e c h i l d w a s f r e q u e n t l y r e p o r t e d . A s t o en v ir on m en t al m easu r es an d h abit s, t h e f ocu s w as
on care wit h t he st ove, pans and hot foods, chem ical and flam m able pr oduct s, m at ches and light er s, plugs
and ir ons. Hence, in t he sam e w ay as t he ident ified r isk s, p r ev en t iv e at t it u d es st r on g ly f ocu sed on t h e
k it chen. This dat a should be t ak en int o account , as
“ t o be effect ive, any prevent ion m easures always need t o t ak e societ y ’s per cept ion in t o con sider at ion . Th e
com m unit y fr equent ly per ceives r isks differ ent ly t han scient ifically det er m ined r isk s”( 17).
Different st udies appoint t he urgent need for con t r ol an d pr ev en t ion m easu r es( 7 ). Th e Min ist r y of
H e a l t h a ssu m e s t h e co m m i t m e n t t o p a r t i ci p a t e , t o g e t h e r w i t h ci v i l so ci e t y a n d o t h e r se ct o r s, i n
d i scu ssi o n s a b o u t a n d so l u t i o n s t o t h i s p r o b l e m ,
proposing guidelines for healt h prom ot ion and accident pr ev ent ion( 1 8 ).
D e s p i t e p u b l i c p o l i c i e s ’ e f f o r t s , h e a l t h p r o f essi o n a l s n eed t o m a k e j o i n t ef f o r t s t o r a i se
p e o p l e ’ s a w a r e n e ss t h a t m o st a cci d e n t s ca n b e p r e v e n t e d t h r o u g h e d u c a t i o n , e n v i r o n m e n t a l
m odif icat ion s an d adequ at e su per v ision . A con st an t ed u ca t i o n p r o cess i s n eed ed t o k eep u p p eo p l e’ s
consciousness about m easur es for a safe house( 19).
CONCLUSI ON
I t is concluded t hat t he int er v ent ion car r ied ou t in t h is st u dy f av or ably af f ect ed t h e in cr ease of
cor r ect infor m at ion declar ed about t he subj ect . Th e e d u c a t i v e m a t e r i a l u s e d a r o u s e d
i m p o r t a n t d i s c u s s i o n a b o u t t h e t h e m e w i t h t h e part icipant s, suggest ing furt her use in fut ure st udies,
t o assess t he educat iv e m at er ial aft er differ ent t im e
in t er v als f or ex am p le, so as t o ch eck w h et h er t h e
is also necessary t o produce ot her educat ive m at erials
in t h is ar ea ( v id eos, p ost er s, p am p h let s et c. ) an d
i m p r o v e e x i st i n g o n e s ( f o l d e r s) . Mo r e o v e r, i t i s i m p o r t a n t t o t r a i n d i f f er en t h ea l t h a n d ed u ca t i o n
pr of ession als t o w or k w it h t h is k in d of in f or m at ion ,
involving t he populat ion, checking for im pact s not only o n k n o w l e d g e , b u t a l so o n ch a n g e s i n t e r m s o f
behav ior s and env ir onm ent al ar r angem ent s.
Healt h com m u n icat ion h as b ecom e a v er y useful t ool in healt h educat ion pr ogr am s. I t s efficacy
result s from t he correct com m unicat ion of t he m essage,
it s scient ific base and t he use of adequat e channels t o reach t he t arget public( 12).
About accident s, especially burns, m ost of t he
few st udies t hat have been dissem inat ed present dat a on epidem iological su r v ey s( 1 0 ), con sequ en ces of t h e
accident s( 6) and som e report s by pat ient s and accident
v ict im s’ r elat iv es( 3 - 9 ). Lit t le h as b een w r it t en ab ou t pr ev en t ion m easu r es pu t in pr act ice. Th e r esu lt s of
t he present st udy highlight t he im port ance of educat ive
program s wit h a view t o prevent ing childhood accident s.
Co n si d er i n g t h e st u d y l i m i t a t i o n s, f u r t h er
r e se a r ch i s su g g e st e d , w i t h a l a r g e r n u m b e r o r
par t icipan t s, act ion m ediat ed by differ en t edu cat iv e m at er ials, int egr at ion bet w een infor m at ion fr om t he
dom est ic env ir onm ent and w hat is offer ed in healt h
and educat ion inst it ut ions, follow - up of fut ur e use of t he educat ive m at erial and inform at ion dissem inat ion,
t he im pact of r elat iv es’ r out ine act ions, t he childr en
a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t o n ca r e st y l e ch a n g e s, t h e a s s e s s m e n t o f g e n e r a l i z e d r e s u l t s i n d i f f e r e n t
environm ent s and over t im e and t he im provem ent of
in st r u m en t s an d of t h e en t ir e p r ocess ev alu at ion . Mor eov er, it is r em ar k able t hat clinical pr ofessionals
a n d s t u d e n t s f r o m d i f f e r e n t a r e a s p a r t i c i p a t e ,
perform ing int ersect oral act ions t hat involve as m any com m unit y segm ent s as possible.
Healt h educat ion perm it s changing knowledge
also m ak es it easier t o ad op t saf er b eh av ior s an d p r ot ect iv e ar r an g em en t s in d if f er en t sit u at ion s an d
cont ext s, which are fundam ent al t o reduce t he num ber
of childhood bur ns accident s.
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