5. CONCLUSÕES
5.3. Desenvolvimentos futuros
No seguimento do trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação, e tendo em conta o estado actual dos conhecimentos científicos nesta área de investigação, considera-se que, em trabalhos subsequentes, deverão ser direccionados esforços orientados nas seguintes vertentes:
Delineamento de uma estratégia nacional para a implementação de sistemas de gestão ambiental no sector público, focando as especificidades dos vários domínios sectoriais (e.g. Defesa, Administração Interna, Justiça, Saúde);
Elaboração de directrizes de validação de IDA sectoriais, suportadas pela categoria de indicadores de meta-desempenho; neste âmbito, a estrutura das directrizes propostas pode assentar numa listagem de verificação (checklist) de determinados requisitos que um indicador de desempenho ambiental deverá possuir. O resultado do preenchimento desta listagem reflectirá o desempenho/qualidade desses indicadores;
Aplicação da metodologia desenvolvida para o sector da Defesa a outros domínios da Administração Pública; poderá, também, ser equacionada a possibilidade de adaptar esta metodologia, de modo a ser aplicada a sectores de actividade, predominantemente, privados.
No sector da Defesa sugerem-se os seguintes desenvolvimentos e aplicações:
Aplicação e teste de IDA a casos de estudo locais em unidades militares; de forma a concretizar este ensaio, propõem-se os seguintes critérios para a selecção das unidades: (i) terem sistema de gestão ambiental implementado na unidade; (ii) pertencerem a ramos militares diferentes; (iii) apresentarem missões substancialmente diferentes; (iv) estarem associadas a ambientes circundantes diferentes;
Avaliação do desempenho ambiental do sector da Defesa aplicando o sistema de indicadores, proposto no âmbito desta dissertação, ao ter em vista a elaboração de relatórios sobre o desempenho ambiental no sector. De forma a tornar exequível a aplicação dos indicadores, a curto-médio prazo, propõe-se que numa primeira fase sejam essencialmente avaliados indicadores de actividade, pressão e resposta;
Elaboração de directrizes para: (i) efectuar diagnósticos ou levantamentos ambientais nas unidades militares; (ii) avaliar e relatar o desempenho ambiental no sector (nível nacional) e nas unidades militares (nível local); à semelhança de trabalhos análogos desenvolvidos para outros sectores de actividade, propõe-se a realização de manuais que permitam apoiar a implementação destas práticas de gestão ambiental na área da Defesa;
Desenvolvimento de um rótulo de missão sustentável (e.g. exercícios de manobras; treinos e actividades de manutenção de paz), com o objectivo de aumentar a credibilidade e eficácia da missão, prestando um serviço de Defesa sustentável; este instrumento deverá analisar os diferentes tipos de missões e respectivos produtos e serviços da Defesa, de forma a poder apreciar a exequibilidade de cada caso, e desenvolver a metodologia que suportará a atribuição do rótulo, nomeadamente, o estabelecimento de critérios que permitam avaliar a sustentabilidade das missões; Avaliação das unidades de medida, mais adequadas, para comunicação dos
resultados dos indicadores de desempenho ambiental junto das partes interessadas internas e externas ao sector; esta análise permitirá optimizar a comunicação com os diferentes tipos de público-alvo, contemplando a análise da dicotomia entre a componente técnica e não técnica;
Desenvolvimento de uma aplicação informática para auto-avaliação do desempenho ambiental para ser utilizado pelas unidades militares, recorrendo a um sistema simples
de listagem de verificação (checklist) e atribuição de pontos. O desenvolvimento deste tipo de ferramenta deverá ter em conta sistemas de auto-avaliação já adoptados por Forças Armadas de outros países, designadamente o utilizado pela Força Aérea Norte-Americana, o Environmental Management Self-Assessment Tool (EMSAT).
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