ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘهﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ :
يدوادﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ .
ﻚﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﺴﭘ :
Davoody_n@yahoo.com ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﺶﻨﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻣ ﻲﻄﻴ مﻮﻠﻋرد ﻲﻋارز
ﺪﻠﺟ ﻢﺸﺷ هرﺎﻤﺷ، لوا ﻪﻤﻴﻧ، لوا 92
46 -37
ﻲﻫﺎﺑور
مد
نزرا
بآ
فﺮﺼﻣ
نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
و
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﺮﺑ
يور
ﺪﻴﺴﻛا
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ
ﻲﺷﺎﭘ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣﺮﺛا
رد
ﻲﻜﺸﺧ
ﺶﻨﺗ
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
يدوادﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ
1
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻻاﻪﻘﺛداﻮﺟﺪﻤﺤﻣ،
2
يﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺿﺮﻣﻼﻏﺪﻴﺳ،
3
دﺎﺑآﺮﺼﻧيرذآﻲﻠﻋ،
4
1 . ؛ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑﺪﺣاوﻲﻣﻼﺳادازآهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﺖﻋارزﺪﺷراﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛﻖﺑﺎﺳيﻮﺠﺸﻧاد 2
. ؛ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑﺪﺣاوﻲﻣﻼﺳادازآهﺎﮕﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد 3
. دازآهﺎﮕﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا
؛ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑﺪﺣاوﻲﻣﻼﺳا 4
. ﻫﻮﻀﻋ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟنﺎﺳاﺮﺧﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣويزروﺎﺸﻛتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﺖﺌﻴ )
ﻞﺑازهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﺖﻋارزياﺮﺘﻛديﻮﺠﺸﻧاد (
رﺎﺗ ﻳ ﺦ رد ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎ : 4 / 10 / 91 شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ؛ :
26 / 4 / 92
ﻜﭼ ﻴ هﺪ
ﺮﺛﻮـﻣﺶﻨـﺗﻦﻳاﻪﺑيرﺎﮔزﺎﺳﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗردﻲﺑآﻢﻛﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﺮﺼﻨﻋﻦﻳازاﻲﻓﺎﻛراﺪﻘﻣدﻮﺟو،هﺎﻴﮔرديورﺮﺼﻨﻋﺶﻘﻧﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا . ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳردﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷداﻮﻣفﺮﺼﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛﺖﻬﺟرديرﺎﻜﻫارناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﺎﻫدﻮﻛﻮﻧﺎﻧدﺮﺑرﺎﻛاﺮﻴﺧاﺮﮕﻳديﻮﺳزا حﺮـﻄﻣﻲﻋارزيﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ
. لﻮﻠﺤﻣﺮﺛاﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ
فﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛوﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋياﺰﺟا،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﻧوﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣيورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻲﺷﺎﭘ
ﻲﻫﺎﺑورمدنزرابآ ﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد
ﻪﻋرﺰﻣﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ،ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶ
حﺮﻃترﻮﺻﻪﺑيا
تﺮﻛ
هﺪﺷدﺮﺧيﺎﻫ
كﻮﻠﺑﺐﻟﺎﻗرد
ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻞﻣﺎﻛيﺎﻫ
نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗردراﺮﻜﺗﻪﺳﺎﺑ 1390
ﺪﻣآرداﺮﺟاﻪﺑﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑﺪﺣاوﻲﻣﻼﺳادازآهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديزروﺎﺸﻛهﺪﻜﺸﻧادﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻋرﺰﻣرد .
يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ
ﺢﻄﺳودرديرﺎﻴﺑآرﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻣﺎﺷﺶﻳﺎﻣزآدرﻮﻣ )
50 و 100 ﻧﺪﺻرد هﺎﻴﮔﻲﺑآزﺎﻴ (
لﻮﻠﺤﻣيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗوﻲﻠﺻاتﺮﻛناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ
ﻪﺑيورﻲﺷﺎﭘ
ﻪﺳردﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣيورﺪﻴﺴﻛاترﻮﺻ
ﺢﻄﺳ ) 3 / 0 ، 6 / 0 و 2 / 1 ﺪﺻرد ( و ﻪﺳرديورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ
) 1 / 0 ، 05 / 0 و 025 / 0 ﺪﺻرد ( ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
تﺮﻛ
ﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﻲﻋﺮﻓيﺎﻫ
. ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ ﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧ
ردﻪﺷﻮﺧداﺪﻌﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ
نزو،ﻪﺷﻮﺧردﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗ،ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔبآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛوﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ،ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧردوﻪﻧادراﺰﻫ
.
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣتﺎﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
بﻮﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻴﺑآرﺎﻤﻴﺗﻖﻳﺮﻃزاﻪﻧاد )
100 % ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ ( ﺎﺑﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣيورﺪﻴﺴﻛادﻮﻛفﺮﺼﻣﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
6 / 0 ﻞﺻﺎﺣﺪﺻرد
ﻲﻟﺎﺣرد،ﺪﺷ
ﻪﻛ ﺮﺛا
يورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﺎﺑﻲﺷﺎﭘلﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣتﺎﻔﺻزاﻚﻳﭻﻴﻫﺮﺑيورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻮﻧﺎﻧوﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ دﻮﺒﻧراد
.
هژاو ﺎﻫ ي يﺪﻴﻠﻛ
:
ﻲﺑآﻢﻛﺶﻨﺗ
،دﻮﻛﻮﻧﺎﻧ،
ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
، ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ رﺎﻜﻫارزاﻲﻜﻳيرﺎﻴﺑآﻢﻛ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳابآ فﺮﺼﻣيزﺎﺳ
ﻲﻣهدادهزﺎﺟاﻲﻋارزهﺎﻴﮔﻪﺑنآﻲﻃﻪﻛ ﺶﻨﺗيراﺪﻘﻣدﻮﺷ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧﻞﻤﺤﺗﺪﺷرﻞﺼﻓلﻮﻃردارﻲﺑآﻢﻛ
.
ردﻲﻠﺻافﺪﻫ
زابآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛﺶﻳاﺰﻓا،يرﺎﻴﺑآﻢﻛ زﺎﻴﻧﺶﻫﺎﻛﻖﻳﺮﻃ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻛﺖﺳايرﺎﻴﺑآبآزاﺶﺨﺑنآ فﺬﺣوﻲﺑآ
-دراﺪﻧدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻳاﺰﻓارديراد
)
Howell et al., 2004
(.
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﻮﺳﻮﻣ
)
Mousavi et al., 2009
(
رد
و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ دﻮﻛ و ﻲﺑآ ﻢﻛ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋنزرا ومﻮﮔرﻮﺳبآفﺮﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺪﻨﺘﺷادرﺎﻬﻇايا
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣﺶﻨﺗلﺎﻤﻋاﺪﺣ ﺎﺗﻢﻛيرﺎﻴﺑآﻪﻛ
)
ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ
67 %
زﺎﻴﻧ
ﻲﺑآ
(
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ومﻮﮔرﻮﺳ بآفﺮﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪﻧار راد
ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ نزرا ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ و ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يا
)
ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ
33 %
ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ
(
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ
.
هارزاﻲﻜﻳ ﺶﻨﺗﺎﺑﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑرﺎﮔزﺎﺳنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﺖﻤﺳﻪﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛيﻮﮕﻟاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ،ﻲﺑآﻢﻛ ﻢﻛ
ﺖﺳاﻲﺑآ
.
نزرا ﻪﺑﻲﺒﺴﻧﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣزانﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﺮﻳﺎﺳﻦﻴﺑردﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ،
ﺰﻴﻧنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﻦﻳاﻮﻤﻧوﺪﺷرلﺎﺣﻦﻳاﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛﻲﺑآﻢﻛﺮﺛاﺮﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
.
ﻲﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ هﺪﺷشراﺰﮔ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋيراد
يﺪﻳراوﺮﻣو ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ،ﻲﻫﺎﺑورمد نزرا ﻪﻧﻮﮔﻪﺳ ردارﻪﻧاد داد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
.
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
دﺎﺠﻳا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ردﻪﻧاد داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ رد ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ
)
Seghatoleslami et al., 2005
( .
ﻲﻠﻋ ﻢﻈﻋا و دﻮﻌﺴﻣ
)
Maqsood and Azam Ali,
2007
(
ﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗو ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋبآﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ دادﺶﻫﺎﻛارنزراﻪﺷﻮﺧرد
. ﻲﻜﻳ زا تاﺮﺛا ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ندزﻢﻫﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ لدﺎﻌﺗ يا رد هﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﺳا . ﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋفﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﻢﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ زا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ،ﻲﺷﺎﭘ ناﻮﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺪﺷر هﺎﻴﮔ ار رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ دﻮﺒﻬﺑﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ )
Paygzar et al., 2009
.(
دﻮﺟو ﺮﺼﻨﻋ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياﺮﺑ يور ﺖﺳايروﺮﺿنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ رد ﻲﻜﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
) Hassegawa, 2008 ( . ﮔا ﻪﭼﺮ زﺎﻴﻧ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺑ يور كﺪﻧا ﺖﺳا ، ﻲﻟو ﺮﮔا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ زا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ سﺮﺘﺳدرد ،ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ زا ﺶﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا ﻲﻳارﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يﺎﻫ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻲﻤﻳﺰﻧآ و ﺮﮕﻳد لﺎﻤﻋا ﻲﻜﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ يور ﺞﻧر ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ دﺮﺑ ) Baybordi, 2006 .(
ﺶﻘﻧ يور ﺮﺼﻨﻋ
ﻲﻤﻬﻣ رد ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ زﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻧزور ،درادﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ رد ﺮﺼﻨﻋيراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ رد لﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﻧزور دراد ﺶﻘﻧ ) Welch, 1995 ( .
ﻲﻣنآدﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋنزاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋﺚﻋﺎﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و بآ فﺮﺼﻣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و هﺪﺷ هﺎﻴﮔ رد
ﻲﭘ رد ار لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻛ و ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد
)
Jamali et al., 2011
.( ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﭘ و راﺬﮔ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ )
Paygzar et al., 2009
( نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ وهزﺎﺗ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ زايﺪﻳراوﺮﻣنزراﻚﺸﺧ
رﺎﻤﻴﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺶﻨﺗ ) يرﺎﻴﺑآ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ( هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻲﺷﺎﭘ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ يور و ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺪﺷ . ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد تاﺮﺛا يﺮﻀﻣ ﻪﻛ يﺎﻫدﻮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ رد ﻂﻴﺤﻣ
ﻲﻣدﺎﺠﻳااﺬﻏﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛوﺖﺴﻳز هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻪﻛﺖﺳاﺎﻬﺗﺪﻣ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺶﻫﻮﻜﻧ درﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ زا
.
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫدﻮﻛﻮﻧﺎﻧ رد
ﺑ دﻮﻛ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ،مﻮﺳﺮﻣ يﺎﻫدﻮﻛ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪ
ﻲﻣدازآكﺎﺧردهﺪﺷلﺮﺘﻨﻛترﻮﺻﻪﺑوﺞﻳرﺪﺗ ردوﺪﻧﻮﺷ
نﺪﺷ ﻲﺑادﺮﻣ هﺪﻳﺪﭘ زوﺮﺑ زا ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ بآ
و ﻦﻛﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑيﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻲﻧﺪﻴﻣﺎﺷآبآ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻣآ
.
هﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣرد و ﻲﺣاﺮﻃرد ﻮﻧﺎﻧ يروﺎﻨﻓ زا يﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫدﻮﻛﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻳﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫنﺪﻧﺎﺳرﻞﻗاﺪﺣﻪﺑوﻲﻳاﺬﻏﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ هدﻮﺸﮔ نﺎﺴﻧا يور ﺶﻴﭘ ،ﺖﺴﻳز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ زا ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺖﺳا
)
Naderi and Abedi, 2012
( .
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ،ﻮﻧﺎﻧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ داﻮﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ،ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓوﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ،ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗارﺎﻬﻧآيروﺰﻴﻟﺎﺗﺎﻛيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد
.
لﻼﺤﻧا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يﺮﻳﺬﭘ يﺎﻫ
تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻦﻳاردﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳيﺎﺸﻏردذﻮﻔﻧﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗوﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﻲﻣراﺪﻳﺪﭘ ددﺮﮔ
)
Mazaherinia et al., 2010
( . و ﻲﻧوﺎﻌﻣ ﺧ ﻴﺮ ي )
Moaveni and Kheiri, 2011
(
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ
TIO2 ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ترذ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ
دﻮﺑﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ . رد ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ،ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ زا تارذ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ SIO2 و TIO2 ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ در تاﺮﺘﻴﻧ ا زﺎﺘﻛ ار رد ﺎﻳﻮﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا داد و ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ بﺬﺟ و هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا بآ و اردﻮﻛ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ دﻮﻤﻧ ) Lu
et al., 2002
( .
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺎﻴﻧ يﺮﻫﺎﻈﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
)
Mazaherinia et al., 2010
(
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ رد يا
دﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد ردﻮﭘ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻦﻫآ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣﻦﻫآ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد رد ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻫآ ،هﺎﻴﮔ لﻮﻃ عﺎﻔﺗرا،ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ،هﺎﻴﮔ نزو ﻪﻧاد رد ،ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻞﻛ نزو ﻚﺸﺧ هﺎﻛ و ،ﺶﻠﻛ راﺰﻫ نزو ﻪﻧاد و نزو ﻪﻧاد رد ناﺪﻠﮔ رد مﺪﻨﮔ ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷاد . ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺖﺳا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ و ﺖﻴﻟﻼﺣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻚﺒﺳ وﺎﻬﻧآ
ﻚﭼﻮﻛ و ندﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ و درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ تارذ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ تارذ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣﻦﻫآ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﻛﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هﺮﻘﻧ ) 50 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ( ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ -،ﻲﻧز لﻮﻃ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﭼ و ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﭼ و رد ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا مﺪﻨﮔ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ )
Salehi and Tamaskoni, 2008
( .
ﺮﺛاﻲﺳرﺮﺑرﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاقﻮﻓدراﻮﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يور ﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺷﺎﭘ
)
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ و ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ
(
و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ
رد ﻲﻫﺎﺑور مد نزرا بآ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ياﺰﺟا ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷ . داﻮﻣ و شور ﺎﻫ
لﺎـﺳنﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗردﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳا 1390
ﻲﺗﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪـﻋرﺰﻣرد
ﺪــﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑﺪــﺣاوﻲﻣﻼـﺳادازآهﺎﮕــﺸﻧاديزروﺎــﺸﻛهﺪﻜـﺸﻧاد
) ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﻛ 5 ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑهدﺎﺟ – ناﺪﻫاز ( ﻲﻳﺎـﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟضﺮﻋﺎﺑ 32
وﻪﺟرد
53 ﻲﻳﺎـﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟلﻮـﻃوﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷﻪﻘﻴﻗد 59
ﻪـﺟرد
و
13 عﺎـﻔﺗراردوﻲﻗﺮﺷﻪﺟرد 1491
،ﺎـﻳردﺢﻄـﺳزايﺮـﺘﻣ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔاﺮﺟا
.
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو
لوﺪـﺟردﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآﻞـﺤﻣكﺎﺧيﺎﻫ 1
ﺖﺳاهﺪﻣآ
.
عﻮﻧ زا ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ حﺮﻃ ﺖﻴﻠﭙﺳا
تﻼﭘ كﻮﻠﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد يﺎﻫ
راﺮﻜﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ دﻮﺑ
.
تﺮﻛ ود ﻞﻣﺎﺷ راﺮﻜﺗ ﺮﻫ
زادﻮﺑترﺎﺒﻋﻪﻛدﻮﺑيرﺎﻴﺑآيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﻲﻠﺻا
) 1 (
ردهﺎﻴﮔياﺮﺑهﺪﺷﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧسﺎﺳاﺮﺑبﻮﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ؛ ) 2 ( ﻢﻛ نآردﻪﻛيرﺎﻴﺑآ
50
ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧﺪﺻرد
ﺪﺷ هدادراﺮﻗ نآرﺎﻴﺘﺧا رد هﺎﻴﮔ
.
FAO
زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ سﻼﻛ ﻚﺘﺸﺗزاﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗرﺎﻣآ
A
ردﺎﺑو
نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ
80
ﺢﻄﺳ رد بآ ﺶﺨﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد
تﺮﻛ ﺪﺷﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺎﻫ
:
ﻊﺟﺮﻣهﺎﻴﮔقﺮﻌﺗوﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ
) ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ ( = ﻚﺘﺸﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿ ) 7 / 0 ( × زاﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ) ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ ( ] 1 [
قﺮﻌﺗو ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﮔﻴ هﺎ ) ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ ( = ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔﺐﻳﺮﺿ × و ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ هﺎﻴﮔقﺮﻌﺗ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ) ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ ( ] 2 [
هﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﺑآ زﺎﻴﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ
)
،بﻮﻠﻄﻣ يرﺎﻴﺑآ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ رد
100 %
،يرﺎﻴﺑآﻢﻛ رﺎﻤﻴﺗردو هﺎﻴﮔﻲﺑآ زﺎﻴﻧ
50 %
ﻲﺑآ زﺎﻴﻧ
هﺎﻴﮔ
(
هزاﺪﻧارﻮﺘﻨﻛﺎﺑو ﺪﺷهدادﻦﻴﻣزﻪﺑويﺮﻴﮔ
. بآﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ) ردﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ (
لوﺪﺟرديرﺎﻴﺑآرﺎﻤﻴﺗودرد
2
ﺖﺳاهﺪﻣآ
.
راﺮﻘﺘﺳازاﺲﭘﺶﻨﺗرﺎﻤﻴﺗﻪﻛﺖﺳاﺮﻛذﻪﺑمزﻻ
ﺪﺷلﺎﻤﻋاهﺎﻴﮔﻞﻣﺎﻛ
.
لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻞﺤﻣكﺎﺧﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
Table 1. The results of soil analysis
ﻪﺘﻳﺪﻴﺳا ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﻳاﺪﻫ ﻢﻳﺪﺳ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﺮﻠﻛ ﻢﻳﺰﻴﻨﻣ ﻦﺷ ﺖﻠﻴﺳ سر كﺎﺧﺖﻓﺎﺑ pH EC Na K Cl Mg Sand Silt Clay Texture ) ms/cm ( --- (meq.lit-1
) --- (%) --- 8.07 2.97 16.3 0.3 17.1 5.4 40 50 10 ﻲﻣﻮﻟ
نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﻦﻫآ ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛ ﺲﻣ يور ﭻﮔ ﻲﻟآﻦﺑﺮﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛتﺎﻨﺑﺮﻛ
N(Total) P(ava) K(ava) CaFe Cu Zn GYP OC CaCo3
(%)
ppm ppm (mg.kg-1
) (meq.lit-1)
(mg.kg-1 ) (mg.kg-1 ) (%)(%) 0.019
3.17 185 2.23 7.5 0.44 0.51 10.9 0.13 16.2
لوﺪﺟ 2 . يرﺎﻴﺑآرﺎﻤﻴﺗﺮﻫردهﺪﺷفﺮﺼﻣبآﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ
Table 2. Irrigation volume in different treatments
ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣبآراﺪﻘﻣ *
) ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردﺮﺘﻴﻟ (
The amount of water used (litr.m-2)
يرﺎﻴﺑآتﺎﻌﻓد Irrigation frequency رﺎﻤﻴﺗ Treatments 639.9 13 A1 ) بﻮﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻴﺑآ ( Optimal irrigation 319.95 13 A2 ) ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ ( Drought stress * ﻲﻣﻪﻴﻟوايرﺎﻴﺑآداﺪﻌﺗﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردنوﺪﺑ،هﺪﺷفﺮﺼﻣبآراﺪﻘﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
*The amount of water consumed is regardless of the initial irrigation
ﻞﻣﺎﺷﻲﻠﺻاتﺮﻛﺮﻫ
7
يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﻲﻋﺮﻓتﺮﻛ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا دﻮﺑ حﺮﺷ : ) 1 (
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ نوﺪﺑ ،ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
ﻲﺷﺎﭘ ) Zn0 ( ؛ ) 2 (
ﺎﺑﻲﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا يور ) ﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 3 / 0 ﺪﺻرد ) ( Zn1 ( ؛ ) 3 (
ﺎﺑ ﻲﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا يور ) ﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 6 / 0 ﺪﺻرد ) ( Zn2 ( ؛ ) 4 (
ﺎﺑﻲﺷﺎﭘلﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا يور ) ﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 2 / 1 ﺪﺻرد ) ( Zn3 ( ؛ ) 5 (
ﺎﺑ ﻲﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا يور ) ﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 025 / 0 ﺪﺻرد ) ( NZn1 ( ؛ ) 6 ( لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﺑﻲﺷﺎﭘ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا يور ) ﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 05 / 0 ﺪﺻرد ) ( NZn2 ( ؛ ) 7 (
ﺎﺑﻲﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا يور ) ﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 1 / 0 ﺪﺻرد ( ) NZn3 ( . لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود رد ﻲﺷﺎﭘ
)
ﺰﺒﺳ زا ﺲﭘ هﺎﻣ ﻚﻳ
ﻞﮔ رﻮﻬﻇ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ و نﺪﺷ
ﻦﻳذآ
(
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا
.
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ تﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ
6
ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﺧ
6
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﺎﺑيﺮﺘﻣ
50
دﻮﺑﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ
.
فﺮﻃود ردﺖﺷﺎﻛﻞﻤﻋ
ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ردﺎﻫ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
9
ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧادادﺮﺧ
.
نزراهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣرﺬﺑ
دﻮﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻢﻗر ،ﻲﻫﺎﺑور مد
.
كﺎﺧ نﻮﻣزآ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ زا ﻞﺒﻗ
دﻮﻛ،ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧسﺎﺳاﺮﺑوهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ
)
مﻮﻳﺰﻴﻨﻣ تﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ ،ﻲﻟآ داﻮﻣ ،سﺎﺘﭘ ،دﺮﮔﻮﮔ ،ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
(
ﻪﺑ
ناﺰﻴﻣ
150
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود رد هروا و رﺎﺘﻜﻫ رد مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ
)
ﺮﻫ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ
50
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ رد مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ
(
ﺪﺷ هداد
.
ﻒﻠﻋ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ يﺎﻫ
ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺘﺳد ﻦﻴﺟو ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﺪﺷر هرود لﻮﻃ رد زﺮﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
.
ﺮﺳ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ مزﻻ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ هروا دﻮﻛ
ﻪﻴﻠﻛرد ك
،ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ
60
ﺪﺷهدادهﺎﻴﮔﻪﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛزاﺲﭘزور
.
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻛﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ،دﻮﺑهﺪﺷﮓﻧردرزﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ
ﻒﻳدريﺎﻬﺘﻧاواﺪﺘﺑاﺮﺘﻣﻢﻴﻧويرﺎﻨﻛﻒﻳدرودفﺬﺣ ﻪﺑﺎﻫ
ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣﺮﺛا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ،يا
.
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ
لﻮﻣﺮﻓ زا بآ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ و ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﻳذ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﮔ ﺪﻳد
.
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ردﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
= )
ﻪﺷﻮﺧﻚﺸﺧ نزو
ﺎﻫ
/
سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
(
×
100
] 3 [
ﻧاد ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ رد ﻪ
= )
ﻪﻧاد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
/
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ
(
×
100
] 4 [
رد ﻪﻧاد ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ
) =
ﻪﻧاد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ /
نزو
ﺎﻫﻪﺷﻮﺧﻚﺸﺧ
(
×
100
] 5 [
بآ فﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ )
بآﺮﺘﻴﻟﺮﺑﻪﻧادمﺮﮔ (
) =
ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ /
بآ
هﺪﺷفﺮﺼﻣ
(
×
100
] 6 [
بآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ )
بآﺮﺘﻴﻟﺮﺑسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑمﺮﮔ (
=
سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
/
هﺪﺷفﺮﺼﻣبآ
] 7 [
هدادﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗياﺮﺑ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧزاﺎﻫ
MSTATC
ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
.
ﺚﺤﺑوﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻒﻟا (
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋءاﺰﺟاودﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
)
لوﺪﺟ
3 (
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧ ،ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺪﻫد
ردﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗ،ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردﻪﺷﻮﺧداﺪﻌﺗ راﺰﻫنزووﻪﺷﻮﺧ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑﻪﻧاد ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗيرﺎﻴﺑآرﺎﻤﻴﺗﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺖﺤﺗيراد
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﻣا و يور ﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻮﻧﺎﻧ و ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ يور ﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻲﺷﺎﭘ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣتﺎﻔﺻﻦﻳازاﻚﻳﭻﻴﻫﺮﺑدﻮﻛويرﺎﻴﺑآﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣتاﺮﺛا
-ﺪﺸﻧراد
.
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗمﺪﻋ ﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻲﺷﺎﭘلﻮﻠﺤﻣيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗراد
يور
)
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ و ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ
(
ﻲﻣ ار ﻪﺑنزرا ﻢﻛزﺎﻴﻧ زاﻲﺷﺎﻧ ناﻮﺗ
و كﺎﺧردﻲﻳاﺬﻏﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋلدﺎﻌﺗمﺪﻋﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺮﺼﻨﻋﻦﻳا يور ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ زا ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﺖﺴﻧاد ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑهﺪﺷهﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺷريﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ
.
ﻦﻳاﺎﺑ
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑيورﺖﺒﺜﻣﺮﺛادرﻮﻣرديدﺪﻌﺘﻣتﺎﺷراﺰﮔدﻮﺟو ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﻳارا
ﺳاهﺪﺷ ﺖ
)
Grewal and Wiliams,
2000; Sheykhbaglo et al., 2009; Thalooth et al., 2006; Bukvic et al., 2003
.(
رد ﻲﺗﺎﺷراﺰﮔ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ فﺮﺼﻣﺮﺛاردﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻳاﺰﻓاصﻮﺼﺧ دراددﻮﺟوتارذ
)
Feizi et al., 2010; Jaberzadeh et
al., 2010; Moaveni and Kheiri, 2011
.(
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻢﻛ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ار ﻪﻧاد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يراد
داد
.
ردﻪﺷﻮﺧداﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﻖﻳﺮﻃزاًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺷدﺎﺠﻳاﻪﻧادراﺰﻫنزوو ﻪﺷﻮﺧردﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗو ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ
)
لوﺪﺟ
4 .(
رد ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
نزرا ﺎﻫ
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻳا زا ﺶﻴﭘ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
)
Seghatoleslami et al., 2008; Maqsood and
Azam Ali, 2007
.(
ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔا ﺰﻴﻧ سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻳا ﺎﻣا ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ
دﻮﺒﻧ راد
)
لوﺪﺟ
3 .(
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳاﻞﻴﻟد ﺪﺳر
ﻪﻧاد نﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ و ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ نزرا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻲﺸﻳاز ﺪﺷر هرود لﻮﻃرد ﻲﭘﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ
ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﻳ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﻦﻳاردﺶﻨﺗﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ،ﺖﺳادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗردﻢﻬﻣ ءﺰﺟناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑرﺬﺑ داﺪﻌﺗﺮﺑﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ودﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ يﺪﺟﺮﺛا دراد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻢﻬﻣ
.
ﺢﻄﺳﺶﻫﺎﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻳورﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣردﺶﻨﺗ
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋورﺬﺑداﺪﻌﺗﺮﺑﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ رﻮﻃﻪﺑﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓوگﺮﺑ ﺎﻛﺎﺑﻪﻧادنﺪﺷﺮﭘﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣردﺶﻨﺗﺎﻣا،ﺖﺳاﺮﺛﺆﻣ
لﻮﻃﺶﻫ
ﻪﺑﻪﻧادنزو ﺮﺑﺮﺛاو ﻪﻧادﻪﺑ داﻮﻣلﺎﻘﺘﻧا ردلﻼﺘﺧا وهرود ﻲﻣﻪﻧاد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﺐﺟﻮﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﮕﻳد ءﺰﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ
-ددﺮﮔ
)
Alizadeh et al., 2007
( .
ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
)
لوﺪﺟ
3 (
داد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ نزوﺮﺑ ﺪﺻردﻚﻳ ﺢﻄﺳرد يراد
ﺖﺷاد ﻪﻧاد راﺰﻫ
.
نزو رﺎﻤﻴﺗ رد ﻪﻧاد راﺰﻫ
100 %
ﻲﺑآ زﺎﻴﻧ
رﺎﻤﻴﺗ زا هﺎﻴﮔ
50 %
دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ هﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﺑآ زﺎﻴﻧ
)
لوﺪﺟ
4 .(
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ترذ رد ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
)
Parvizi and Nabati,
2004; Jamali et al., 2011
(
و نزرا
)
Mahalakshmi
and Bidinger, 1985
(
درادﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺎﺑ
.
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷشراﺰﮔ ﻪﻛ
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﺛا ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺮﺑ نزو
،ﻪﻧادراﺰﻫ رد ﻲﻃ ﺮﭘ نﺪﺷ ﻪﻧاد هﺪﻳد ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ
.
ﻲﺘﻗو ﻪﻛ هﺎﻴﮔ
رد ضﺮﻌﻣ
ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ
راﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ ياﺮﺑ،دﺮﻴﮔ ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻛ زا تاﺮﺛا
ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ راﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﻛ ماﺪﻗا ﻪﺑ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ندﺮﻛ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز
دﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ، ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺮﺗ نﺪﺷ لﻮﻃ هرود ﺮﭘ
نﺪﺷ ،ﻪﻧاد نزو ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻧاد ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﻢﻛ
دﻮﺷ
)
Fredrick et
al., 1990
لوﺪﺟ 3 . ويدازآﻪﺟرد،ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ يوردﻮﻛويرﺎﻴﺑآيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﺖﺤﺗنزرا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋياﺰﺟاودﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣتﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
Table 3. Sources of variation, df and mean squares for yield and yield components of foxtail millet as affected by drought stress and Zn fertilizer
ns ،، * و ** ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣمﺪﻋﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻣويراد
لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآﻞﻣﺎﻋﺮﺛايراد 5
و 1 ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﺪﺻرد .
ns, * and ** are non-significant, and significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 level of probability, respectively.
لوﺪﺟ 4 . نزرا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋياﺰﺟاودﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑيرﺎﻴﺑآحﻮﻄﺳﺮﺛا
Table 4. Effect of irrigation levels on yield and yield components of millet
يرﺎﻴﺑآحﻮﻄﺳ Irrigation levels
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻧاد
) ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑمﺮﮔ (
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ
) ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑمﺮﮔ (
ﻪﺷﻮﺧداﺪﻌﺗ
ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣرد
ﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧرد
نزو ﻪﻧادراﺰﻫ
) مﺮﮔ (
seed Yield (g.m-2)
biomass Yield (g.m-2)
ear number/m2
Seed number per ear
1000 seed weight (g)
بﻮﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻴﺑآ )
100 ٪ ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ (
Optimum irrigation
(100% water requirement) 85.187
a
420.729 a 239.810 a 121.320 a 3.020 a ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ
) 50 ٪ ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ (
Drought stress (50% water requirement)
15.787
b
258.333 a
95.667 b 72.291 b 2.463 b
* رادﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧايرﺎﻣآﺮﻈﻧزاكﺮﺘﺸﻣفوﺮﺣياراديﺎﻫﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣنﻮﺘﺳﺮﻫرد ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ
.
*Means with similar letters In each column are not significantly different.
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ،ﺪﺻردﺞﻨﭘﺢﻄﺳردﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ
ﺮـﺑيراد
وﺖـﺷادﻪـﺷﻮﺧردﻪـﻧادداﺪﻌﺗوﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردﻪﺷﻮﺧداﺪﻌﺗ
يرﻮﻃﻪﺑ،ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ تﺎﻔﺻﻦﻳاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻨﺗرﺎﻤﻴﺗردﻪﻛ
داﺪـﻌﺗوﻊـﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردﻪﺷﻮﺧداﺪﻌﺗبﻮﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻴﺑآﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﻪﺷﻮﺧردﻪﻧاد
1 / 60
و
4 / 40
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛﺪﺻرد
.
ب (
ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺑيﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓداﻮﻣﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ
هﺎﻴﮔيدﺎﺼﺘﻗاماﺪﻧا
)
ﻪـﻧاد
( يﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗداﻮـﻣﻞـﻛﻪـﺑﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ،
ﺖـﺳاهﺎـﻴﮔردهﺪﺷهﺮﻴﺧذ
.
ﻲﻳﺎـﺠﻧآزا
ياﺰـﺟازاﻲـﻜﻳﻪـﻛ
ﻪﺑنآتاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﺖﺳاﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
Mean squares (
ﻪﺟرد يدازآ df ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ S.O.V
نزو ﻪﻧادراﺰﻫ ﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗ
رد ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﺷﻮﺧداﺪﻌﺗ
رد ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻪﻧاد
1000 seed weight Seed number
per ear ear number/m2
biomass Yield
seed Yield
0.006 1499.886
10347.167
127700.787
1272.354
2 راﺮﻜﺗ
replication
3.259 ** 25239.910 *
218160.214 * 276908.248 ns
50571.365 *
1 رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ
A
) يرﺎﻴﺑآ (
Factor A (Irrigation)
0.019 2273.271
13983.500
29744.392
1384.872
2 لوايﺎﻄﺧ Error a
0.009 ns 298.023 ns
2189.437 ns 4577.292 ns
61.821 ns 6
رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ
B
) دﻮﻛ (
Factor B (Fertilizer)
0.021 ns 268.229 ns
1199.881 ns
4287.362 ns 61.783 ns
6 يرﺎﻴﺑآ × دﻮﻛ
Irrigation × Fertilizer
0.030 646.161
1382.278
5103.071
175.187 24 موديﺎﻄﺧ Error b
6.33
26.26
22.16
21.04
26.22
يﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿ
دراديدﺎﻳزﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاوﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋتاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
).
Alizadeh et
al., 2007
(
هدادﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗزاﻞﺻﺎﺣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺶﻨـﺗدادنﺎـﺸﻧﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺖـﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎـﺷﺶﻫﺎﻛﺐﺒﺳيراد
ﺪﺷﻪﺗﻮﺑردﻪﻧاد
)
ﺪﺟ ا لو
5
و
6 .( ﺺﺧﺎـﺷءﺰـﺟودﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ
ﻪﺗﻮﺑردﻪﻧادﺖﺷادﺮﺑ
) وﻪـﺗﻮﺑردﻪـﺷﻮﺧﺖـﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎـﺷ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧردﻪﻧادﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
(
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﺪﻫد
ﺖـﺳاﻪﺘـﺷاﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗودﺮـﻫﻪﻧادوﻪﺷﻮﺧﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗﺮﺑ ،
اﺮـﻳز
ﺮـﺑودﺮـﻫﻪﺷﻮﺧردﻪﻧادوﻪﺗﻮﺑردﻪﺷﻮﺧﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﺮﺛا ﺪﻧا
)
لوﺪﺟ
6 .(
وﻲﻣﻼﺳﻻاﻪﻘﺛ
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
(Seghatoleslami et al., 2008)
ﺪـﻧدﺮﻛرﺎـﻬﻇا
ﻞـﻴﻟدﻪـﺑﻲﻜـﺸﺧﺶﻨـﺗﺮـﺛاﺮـﺑنزراﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷﻪﻛ
ﺮـﻫردرﺬـﺑداﺪـﻌﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛوﻪﺷﻮﺧﺮﻫردرﺬﺑداﺪﻌﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛ
دﺮﻛاﺪﻴﭘﺶﻫﺎﻛهﺎﻴﮔ
.
نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫونﻮـﺟنﺎﻳ )
Yan-Jun et
al., 2006
( ﻋﻲﺘﺑﻮﻃرﺶﻨﺗﺮﺛاردﻪﻛﺪﻧدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔ ،ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑهرﺎﻬﺑمﺪﻨﮔﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷوﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
-ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛيراد
.
ﻲﻧﺎـﻀﻣروﻲﻧاﺪﻨﺑآﺖﺧﻮﺳﻲﻳﺎﺿر )
Rezaye Soukht
Abbandani and Ramezani, 2010
( رﺎﻬﻇا ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻪـﻛ
دﻮﺒﻤﻛ بآ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ دوﺪﺤﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﺷر و ﻮﻤﻧ هﺎـﻴﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ هدﺎﻣ ﻚﺸﺧ ،يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ
لﻼﺘﺧا رد ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ تارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧاد و رد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ
.
نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫويﺪـﻨﭘ )
Pandey et
al., 2000
( ﺰﻴﻧ ﻞﻴﻟد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺖـﺷادﺮﺑ رد
ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ
ﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ار ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺪﺷر ﻲﺸﻳاز ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ رد ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪـﺷر ﻲـﺸﻳور ﺺﻴﺨـﺸﺗ
ﺪﻧداد
.
هدادﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ
لﻮـﻠﺤﻣﺮـﺛادادنﺎﺸﻧﺎﻫ
يورﺪﻴـﺴﻛاﻲـﺷﺎﭘ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣﺖـﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑيورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻮﻧﺎﻧ وﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ يراد
دﻮﺒﻧ
.
لﻮﻠﺤﻣﻪﻜﻨﻳاﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗيورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻲﺷﺎﭘ
ﺖـﺳاﻲﻬﻳﺪـﺑ،ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑوﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑيراد
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺰﻴﻧﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑنآﺮﺛا ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧراد
.
ج (
بآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ
ﺮـﺑﺪـﺻردﺞﻨـﭘﺢﻄـﺳرديراد
ﻲﻳآرﺎـﻛﺮـﺑنآﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗﺎـﻣا،ﺖـﺷادﻪـﻧادبآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳآرﺎﻛ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑبآفﺮﺼﻣ دﻮﺒﻧراد
)
لوﺪﺟ
5 .( ﻪـﺑﺮـﻣا ﻦـﻳا
سﺎـﻣﻮﻴﺑوﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ توﺎﻔﺘﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻞﻴﻟد
ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ
.
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
رﺎـﻛدادنﺎـﺸﻧﺎـﻫ ﻲـﻳآ
رﺎـﻤﻴﺗردﻪﻧادبآفﺮﺼﻣ 100
زاﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑﻲـﺑآزﺎـﻴﻧﺪـﺻرد
رﺎﻤﻴﺗ
50 %
دﻮﺑﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ
) 089 / 0 ردبآﺮـﺘﻴﻟ ﺮـﺑﻪـﻧادمﺮﮔ
ﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
025 / 0
بآﺮﺘﻴﻟﺮﺑﻪﻧادمﺮﮔ
.( ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
هدادﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻫ
ﻢﻛﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻪﻛدﻮﻤﻧطﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳاناﻮﺗ
ﺮـﺑﻲـﺑآ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗﺮﺑنآﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗزاﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻪﻧادﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
وﺖـﺳاهدﻮـﺑسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ
ﺮـﺑﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋياﺮﺑبآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛﺰﻴﻧ ﻞﻴﻟدﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﺮﺛا
) 50 %
هﺎـﻴﮔﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ
(
ﺖـﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ،
اﺮـﻳز
ﺶﻫﺎـﻛزاﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑﺶﻨـﺗﺮـﺛاﺮـﺑﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛناﺰﻴﻣ
ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑبآفﺮﺼﻣ
.
ﻪﻛﺖﺳاهﺪﺷشراﺰﮔ
ﻲﻳارﺎـﻛﺮـﺑﻲﻜـﺸﺧﺶﻨـﺗﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ
ﺎﻴﮔعﻮﻧﻪﻜﻨﻳاﻪﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑبآفﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﻳوﺶﻨﺗتﺪﺷونﺎﻣز،ه
ﺖـﺳاتوﺎـﻔﺘﻣ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑﺎﻳﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪﻜﻨﻳا
)
Seghatoleslami et al., 2008
(
.
يدﺎﺑآﺪـــــﻟو
(Valadabadi., 1999)
ﻪـﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧارﺪﻴﻔﻳﺮﺗﻮﻧنزرايﺮﺗﺮﺑ
هدادشراﺰـﮔبآفﺮـﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪﻧارﺮﻈﻧزاﺪﻴﻓﺪﻴﭙﺳامﻮﮔرﻮﺳ
ﺖﺳا
.
يو ﺎﻣﺪﻧارﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
بآفﺮـﺼﻣن
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﺶﻨﺗﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣحﻮﻄﺳرد
ﺎـﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣردﻪﻛدﻮﻤﻧيﺮﻴﮔ
يرﺎــﻴﺑآلدﺎــﻌﺘﻣﺶﻫﺎـﻛ،بﻮــﻠﻄﻣيرﺎـﻴﺑآ
)
ﺶﻨــﺗلﺎــﻤﻋا
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
(
ﻲﻣ ددﺮـﮔبآفﺮﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪﻧاردﻮﺒﻬﺑﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
.
بآفﺮـﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪـﻧارردﻲـﻔﻨﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗﺪﻳﺪﺷﺶﻨﺗلﺎﻤﻋاﺎﻣا
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛوﻪﺘﺷاد ﻲﻣﺐﺒﺳارنآراد
دﻮﺷ
.
ﺮﻣاﻦﻳا ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ
زاﺖـﺳاﻦـﻜﻤﻣكﺎﺧردﺖﺑﻮﻃرﺶﻨﺗﻪﭼﺮﮔاﻪﻛﺖﺳانآ
ﺪـﻫدﺶﻳاﺰـﻓااربآفﺮﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪﻧار،ﺎﻫﻪﻧزورداﺪﺴﻧاﻖﻳﺮﻃ
ﻲﻣﺪﺣزاﺶﻴﺑﺶﻨﺗﻪﻛﺖﺷادﻪﺟﻮﺗﺪﻳﺎﺑﺎﻣا
ﻖـﻳﺮﻃزاﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺮـﺑسﻮـﻜﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗﻚـﺸﺧهدﺎـﻣﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗو ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓﺶﻫﺎﻛ
دراﺬــﮕﺑبآفﺮــﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪــﻧار
.
نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫوﻲﻣﻼــﺳﻻاﻪــﻘﺛ
)
Seghatoleslami et al., 2008
( ﺮـﮔاﻪـﻛﺪﻧدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔ
بآفﺮﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪﻧارﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻪﭼ
)
WUE
(
ﻪـﻧﻮﮔردﺎـﻣا،ﺪـﺷﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣنزرا
ﺮـﮕﻳديﺎـﻫ
) وﻲﻫﺎـﺑورمد
يﺪﻳراوﺮﻣ
(
WUE
دادﺶﻳاﺰﻓاار
.
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳردﻲﻠﻛرﻮﻃﻪﺑﺎﻬﻧآ
ﺮﺑﻲﻧاﺪﻨﭼﺮﺛابآﺶﻨﺗﻪﻛ
WUE
دراﺪﻧ
.
ﻞﺑﺎﻗتاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗمﺪﻋ
ردﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ
WUE
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧبآﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻛﺪﻫد
ﺖﺳاﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣبآفﺮﺼﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛﺎﺑﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛ
.
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺮـﮕﻳدﻦﻴـﻘﻘﺤﻣيﺎﻫ
ترذرد
)
Alizadeh et
al., 2007
(
،
يﺪـﻳراوﺮﻣنزرا )
Sasani et al., 2004
(
ردو
ﻪـﻓﻮﻠﻋياﺰـﻠﻛﻪـﻧﻮﮔودونزرا،ﻢﭽﭼ يا
)
Jacobs et al.,
2004
( لﺎـﻤﻋاﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧردبآفﺮﺼﻣهدزﺎﺑﺶﻳاﺰﻓازاﻲﻛﺎﺣ،
ﺖﺳاﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ
يورﺪﻴـﺴﻛاﻲـﺷﺎﭘلﻮـﻠﺤﻣﺮﺛا
)
ﻮﻧﺎـﻧوﻲﻟﻮـﻤﻌﻣ
( تاﺮـﺛاو
ﻲـﻳآرﺎـﻛﺮـﺑيورﺪﻴـﺴﻛاﻲـﺷﺎﭘلﻮـﻠﺤﻣويرﺎﻴﺑآﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ
بآفﺮﺼﻣ
(WUE)
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ دﻮﺒﻧراد
)
لوﺪﺟ
5 .(
لوﺪﺟ 5 . ﺟرد،ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ دﻮﻛويرﺎﻴﺑآيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﺖﺤﺗنزرا بآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛوﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣتﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣويدازآﻪ
يور
Table 5. Sources of variation, df and mean squares for harvest index and water use efficiency of foxtail millet as
affected by drought stress and Zn fertilizer
تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
Mean squares (
ﻪﺟرد
يدازآ
df ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
S.O.V
فﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑبآ فﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ
ﻪﻧادبآ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺗﻮﺑردﻪﻧاد ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧردﻪﻧاد ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺗﻮﺑردﻪﺷﻮﺧ
water use efficiency for
biomass water use
efficiency for seed harvest index of
seed per plant harvest index of
seed per ear harvest index of
ear per plant
0.192
0.001 113.740
146.087 280.415
2 راﺮﻜﺗ
replication
0.011 ns 0.044*
2359.633 * 6201.836 **
3179.181 * 1
رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ
A
) يرﺎﻴﺑآ (
Factor A (Irrigation)
0.029 0.002
81.308 13.885
180.249 2
لوايﺎﻄﺧ Error a
0.008 ns 0.000 ns
7.763 ns 45.301 ns
9.003 ns 6
رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ
B
) دﻮﻛ (
Factor B (Fertilizer)
0.007 ns 0.0003 ns
5.407 ns 87.400 ns
40.225 ns 6
يرﺎﻴﺑآ × دﻮﻛ
Irrigation × Fertilizer
0.008 0.005
19.941
137.460 57.377
24 موديﺎﻄﺧ Error b
20.36 25.10
31.69
24.46
27.50
يﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿ
CV(%)
لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآﻞﻣﺎﻋﺮﺛايرادﻲﻨﻌﻣويرادﻲﻨﻌﻣمﺪﻋﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ 5
و 1 ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﺪﺻرد
. ** و*،ns
ns, * and ** are non-significant, and significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 level of probability, respectively.
لوﺪﺟ 6 . نزرا بآفﺮﺼﻣنﺎﻣﺪﻧاروﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑيرﺎﻴﺑآحﻮﻄﺳﺮﺛا
Table 6. Effect of irrigation levels on harvest index and water use efficiency of millet
* ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣنﻮﺘﺳﺮﻫرد ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧايرﺎﻣآﺮﻈﻧزاكﺮﺘﺸﻣفوﺮﺣياراديﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧراﺪﻧراد .
* Means with similar letters In each column are not significantly different. يرﺎﻴﺑآحﻮﻄﺳ
Irrigation levels
ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ د ﻪﺗﻮﺑر
ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺷﻮﺧردﻪﻧاد
ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺗﻮﺑردﻪﻧاد
بآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ﻪﻧاد
بآفﺮﺼﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛ سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ
harvest index of ear per plant
(%)
harvest index of seed per ear
(%)
harvest index of seed per plant
(%)
water use efficiency for seed
(g.li-1 )
water use efficiency for biomass
(g.li-1 ) بﻮﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻴﺑآ
) 100 ٪ ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ (
Optimum irrigation (100% water requirement)
36.242a 60.076a 21.586a 0.089a 0.442a
ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ )
50 ٪ ﻲﺑآزﺎﻴﻧ (
Drought stress (50% water requirement)
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻠﻛ :
ودﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻲﻠﻛ رﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ نزرا ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ياﺰﺟا يراد
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ندﺮﻛ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا و ﺖﺷاد ﻪﻧزور نﺪﺷ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻚﺸﺧ هدﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
.
ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻳاﻢﻏر ﻲﻳارﺎﻛﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗﻪﻛ
ﻪﻧادبآ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑار
نﻮﭼ ﺎﻣا ،داد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑيراد ،
ﻲﻳارﺎﻛﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
داﺪﻧراﺮﻗﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺖﺤﺗﺰﻴﻧارسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑبآفﺮﺼﻣ
.
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ مﺪﻋ لﻮﻠﺤﻣيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ راد
يورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻲﺷﺎﭘ
ﻲﻣيورﺪﻴﺴﻛاﻮﻧﺎﻧوﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺑنزراﻢﻛزﺎﻴﻧزاﻲﺷﺎﻧﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺼﻨﻋﻦﻳا ﺪ
.
ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋلدﺎﻌﺗ مﺪﻋدراد لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ زا ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﺮﻳﺎﺳ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ و كﺎﺧ ردﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺪﺷﺎﺑهﺪﺷهﺎﻴﮔﺪﺷريﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﺮﺑﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣيورﺖﺒﺜﻣ
.
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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