revbrashematolhemoter.2016;38(2):175–177
w w w . r b h h . o r g
Revista
Brasileira
de
Hematologia
e
Hemoterapia
Brazilian
Journal
of
Hematology
and
Hemotherapy
Letter
to
the
Editor
Development
of
a
questionnaire
to
assess
knowledge
regarding
blood
donation
in
a
Brazilian
population
DearEditor,
Comprehensivestudiesontheknowledgeandattitudetoward blood donation, considering culturaldifferences and tradi-tions,are useful forplanning strategiesinthe recruitment of non-remunerated blood donors. Several instruments to assessknowledgeregardingblood donationhavebeen pre-sentedinthe scientificliterature1,2 suchasthe instrument
proposedbySabuetal.3 These authorsintroduced a
ques-tionnaireinwhichtheknowledgeofblooddonationamong healthsciencesstudents wasmeasuredusing 12questions basedonthebenefitsofblooddonation,generalrequirements tobecomeaneligibledonorandmedicalconditionsand dis-easesthatrestrictblood donation.Wedevelopeda24-item multiple-choicequestionnaire,takingintoaccountthe speci-ficitiesofthe Brazilian population. Thisquestionnairewas basedonsomeitemsoftheinstrumentdevelopedbyRenzaho andPolonsky4andontheBrazilianlegislationregardingblood
donation. Namedthe “Brazilian blood donation knowledge questionnaire”(BDKQ-Brazil),itcanbecompletedbydonors iftheyareliterateoradministeredviainterview.Itisbelieved thattheBDKQ-Brazilappliestoabroadrangeofpopulation groups.
Thecontent validityofthe proposed questionnairewas evaluatedbycomputingacontentvalidityratio(CVR)5based
on experts’ratings ofitem relevance. Aconvenience sam-pleoftwentyprofessionals (fourmenand sixteenwomen) whowereparticipatingintheMaster’sCoursein Hemother-apyandBiotechnologyoftheUniversidadedeSãoPaulo(USP) in Ribeirão Preto was used for evaluation. All participants were informed ofthe purposeofthe research before sign-inganinformedconsentform.Alltheseexpertscompleted a healthcare undergraduate course and have professional activitiesinhematology servicesorblood donationcenters indifferentBraziliancities(BeloHorizonte,Brasília,Cuiabá, Curitiba,Florianópolis,Ituverava,Manhuac¸u,Recife,Ribeirão PretoandRiodeJaneiro).Themeanageoftheparticipants
was36.1years (range:27–56years)andthe meanlengthof professional experience was 10.7 years (range: 3–30 years). Theexpertswere askedtoclassifyeach itemon the ques-tionnaire as‘essential’, ‘usefulbut not essential’, and ‘not necessary’.Foreachitem,theCVRisgivenby(E−n/2)/(n/2),
wheren isthe totalnumber ofexpertsand E isthe num-berofexpertsindicating‘essential’.TheCVRrangesbetween
−1and1.Whenlessthanhalfoftheexpertsratedtheitem
as ‘essential’,the valueof CVRwasnegative. Accordingto Wilson et al.,6 whenn=20 and the CVRis greater than or
equalto0.368,thereisevidencethattherespectiveitemis substantiallyusefultorepresentknowledgeregardingblood donation.
176
revbrashematolhemoter.2016;38(2):175–177Table1–Itemsoftheproposedinstrumentandtheirrespectivecontentvalidityratios.Theitemsareshowedinthe sameordertheyappearontheinstrument.
No. Item CVR
1 Doyouknowyourbloodtype? −0.7
2 Inordertobeabletodonateblood,whatistheminimumweightthatapersonneedstohave? 0.1
3 Isalldonatedbloodtestedinordertoverifyifithasanydiseasethatcanbetransmittedtoothers? 0.8a
4 Canunder16-yearoldsdonateblood? −0.1
5 Canpregnantwomendonateblood? 0.3
6 Canapersonwhohasdiabetesorhighbloodpressuredonateblood? 0.2
7 Canapersonwhohasorhashadanytypeofcancerdonateblood? 0.2
8 Canwomenwhoaremenstruatingdonateblood? 0.1
9 Isthereamaximumageforblooddonation? 0.1
10 Canwomenwhoarebreastfeedingdonateblood? 0.1
11 Whenapersonneedstoreceiveblood,isthebloodfromonlyonedonorenough? −0.8
12 Whenpeopleneedtoreceiveblood,dotheyhavetopay? −0.3
13 Isittruethatdonatedbloodmustbeusedwithin24hafterthedonation,otherwiseitisnotgood anymore?
−0.4
14 Canapersoncatchadiseasebydonatingblood? 0.7a
15 Isittruethatmaleblooddonorscandonateeverytwomonthsandfemaledonorsevery3months? 0.5a
16 InBrazil,isitallowedbylawtopayapersontodonateblood? 0.1
17 Whensomeonedonatesblood,doestheamountofbloodinthehumanbodyreturntowhatitwas beforewithin24–48h?
0.4a
18 Ifadonorhasafeveronthedayofdonation,canhedonateblood? 0.4a
19 Doesdonatingbloodmakeyouloseorgainweight? −0.5
20 Thecapacityofalittlecoffeecupis50mL.Whenapersondonatesblood,howmuchbloodistaken? −0.3 21 Onceapersonentersinthedonationroomtodonateblood,howlongistheblooddonationprocess? 0.5a
22 Inordertodonateblood,shouldthedonorbefasting? 0.9a
23 Cansmokersdonateblood? 0.1
24 Doesdonatingbloodthickenorthintheblood? −0.3
a Contentvalidityratios(CVRs)greaterthanorequalto0.368.
behaviors.Thesesuggestionsmaybeincludedinfuture ver-sionsofthequestionnaire.
Inafuturestudy,wewillusetheproposedquestionnaireto evaluatetheassociationbetweenseveralvariablesofinterest andtheknowledge,attitudesand practicesregardingblood donationamongusersofprimaryhealthcareservices(study supported bythe Brazilianagency Fundac¸ão de Amparo à Pesquisado Estadode São Paulo– FAPESP –process num-ber14/14020-6).Webelievethattheproposedquestionnaire isasimple,easy-to-useandhelpfulinstrumenttomeasure knowledgeaboutblood donation.However,the assessment ofother aspects, such as validity and reliability, is impor-tant infuture studies,considering differentpopulations of Brazilian-Portuguesespeakers.ItemswithsmallCVRsdonot necessarilyneedtoberemovedfromthequestionnaire,but theymustbereviewedand,ifappropriate,improved.In addi-tion,theclassificationofthescoresand theirpracticaluse shouldbeaddressedinafuturestudyinvolvingalargestudy sample.
Funding
TheConselhoNacionaldeDesenvolvimentoCientíficoe Tec-nológico(CNPq)andtheFundac¸ãodeAmparoàPesquisado EstadodeSãoPaulo(FAPESP).
Conflicts
of
interest
Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictsofinterest.
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f
e
r
e
n
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1.BenNatanM,GorkovL.Investigatingthefactorsaffecting blooddonationamongIsraelis.IntEmergNurs.
2011;19(1):37–43.
2.LemmensKP,AbrahamC,RuiterRA,VeldhuizenIJ,DehingCJ, BosAE,etal.Modellingantecedentsofblooddonation motivationamongnon-donorsofvaryingageandeducation. BrJPsychol.2009;100(1):71–90.
3.SabuKM,RemyaA,BinuVS,VivekR.Knowledgeattitudeand practiceonblooddonationamonghealthsciencestudentsina universitycampus,SouthIndia.OnlineJHealthAlliedScs. 2011;10(2):6.
4.RenzahoAM,PolonskyMJ.Examiningdemographicand socio-economiccorrelatesofaccurateknowledgeaboutblood donationamongAfricanmigrantsinAustralia.TransfusMed. 2012;22(5):321–31.
5.LawsheCH.Aquantitativeapproachtocontentvalidity.Pers Psychol.1975;28(4):563–75.
revbrashematolhemoter.2016;38(2):175–177
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MirianeLucindoZucoloto, EdsonZangiacomiMartinez∗
UniversidadedeSãoPaulo(USP),RibeirãoPreto,SP,Brazil
∗Correspondingauthor at: Departamento de MedicinaSocial,
FaculdadedeMedicinadeRibeirãoPreto,UniversidadedeSão Paulo(USP),Av.Bandeirantesn◦3900,MonteAlegre,14049-900
RibeirãoPreto,SP,Brazil.
E-mailaddress:edson@fmrp.usp.br(E.ZangiacomiMartinez).
Received31October2015 Accepted9February2016 Availableonline9March2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.02.004
