• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Trade in intermediate goods and total factor productivity

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Share "Trade in intermediate goods and total factor productivity"

Copied!
29
0
0

Texto

(1)

❊♥s❛✐♦s ❊❝♦♥ô♠✐❝♦s

❊s❝♦❧❛ ❞❡ Pós✲●r❛❞✉❛çã♦ ❡♠ ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❛ ❞❛ ❋✉♥❞❛çã♦ ●❡t✉❧✐♦ ❱❛r❣❛s

◆◦ ✻✼✻ ■❙❙◆ ✵✶✵✹✲✽✾✶✵

❚r❛❞❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❣♦♦❞s ❛♥❞ t♦t❛❧ ❢❛❝t♦r

♣r♦❞✉❝t✐✈✐t②

❆❧❜❡rt♦ ❚r❡❥♦s✱ P❡❞r♦ ❈❛✈❛❧❝❛♥t✐ ●♦♠❡s ❋❡rr❡✐r❛

▼❛✐♦ ❞❡ ✷✵✵✽

(2)

❖s ❛rt✐❣♦s ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛❞♦s sã♦ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡✐r❛ r❡s♣♦♥s❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ s❡✉s ❛✉t♦r❡s✳ ❆s

♦♣✐♥✐õ❡s ♥❡❧❡s ❡♠✐t✐❞❛s ♥ã♦ ❡①♣r✐♠❡♠✱ ♥❡❝❡ss❛r✐❛♠❡♥t❡✱ ♦ ♣♦♥t♦ ❞❡ ✈✐st❛ ❞❛

❋✉♥❞❛çã♦ ●❡t✉❧✐♦ ❱❛r❣❛s✳

❊❙❈❖▲❆ ❉❊ PÓ❙✲●❘❆❉❯❆➬➹❖ ❊▼ ❊❈❖◆❖▼■❆ ❉✐r❡t♦r ●❡r❛❧✿ ❘❡♥❛t♦ ❋r❛❣❡❧❧✐ ❈❛r❞♦s♦

❉✐r❡t♦r ❞❡ ❊♥s✐♥♦✿ ▲✉✐s ❍❡♥r✐q✉❡ ❇❡rt♦❧✐♥♦ ❇r❛✐❞♦ ❉✐r❡t♦r ❞❡ P❡sq✉✐s❛✿ ❏♦ã♦ ❱✐❝t♦r ■ss❧❡r

❉✐r❡t♦r ❞❡ P✉❜❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❈✐❡♥tí✜❝❛s✿ ❘✐❝❛r❞♦ ❞❡ ❖❧✐✈❡✐r❛ ❈❛✈❛❧❝❛♥t✐

❚r❡❥♦s✱ ❆❧❜❡rt♦

❚r❛❞❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❣♦♦❞s ❛♥❞ t♦t❛❧ ❢❛❝t♦r

♣r♦❞✉❝t✐✈✐t②✴ ❆❧❜❡rt♦ ❚r❡❥♦s✱ P❡❞r♦ ❈❛✈❛❧❝❛♥t✐ ●♦♠❡s ❋❡rr❡✐r❛ ✕ ❘✐♦ ❞❡ ❏❛♥❡✐r♦ ✿ ❋●❱✱❊P●❊✱ ✷✵✶✵

✭❊♥s❛✐♦s ❊❝♦♥ô♠✐❝♦s❀ ✻✼✻✮

■♥❝❧✉✐ ❜✐❜❧✐♦❣r❛❢✐❛✳

(3)

∗ †

!

"

#$ %&&'

( )* +

) $

, - (

) * $ * * $

) * $ * - ( .

* $

/ - $ * *

) * 0

* )

*-1 ) 2 + 3 3 3

3 4 5 * 6*

-7 8 . 2 9:3 ;;3

(4)

-A - -$ " 5 )$ = ( A;##%B$ A;##'B$

1 ) = > A;##CB$ B *

+ $ 0 * * D

+ *

- * 0 $ * * * *

* $ 0 E

* * * + * $

* * ) + ) * * * - *

* 5 *

) * * * $ * . *

-(* * * * * $ *

* * + *

* 0 - ( * 5

* 0 * . $ *

) - $ >

* 0 * ) $

* = * ) - <

) 0 * 5 $ )

) * * - * $

) + 0 ) $ F *

) * + 0 F *

* ) * ) * * *

-* $ ) D *

A B * ) $

* A%&&@B- < $ *

* ) * $

5 * * * *

0 - < $ * *

(5)

) * * 0

-( *

$ * D * +

-< * . $ *

+ ) * * ) *

* * $

)* *

-* ) * * ) )

) 5 $ G $ *

- * * A $

" > D =) $ * B ) ?&H C&H

3 $ :&H$ *

' %%H - 6 $ ) *

- 0 $ ;#'? ) * < *

$ )* * * * ;I: /

* $ ) * ) * +

*

#&H-< 5 + $ *

* * 0 * * - (

* $ +

$ * * * * 0

* - < 5 + ) . * $

* ) * *

- / * * $ *

+ ) * * *

$ * D

+ - $ ;#'? < > < * +

$ )* * < > $

)* * ) * < > *

-+ . * )* * * *

(6)

$ * * )* * 0 * A)* *$ * ) 1 * = * A%&&'B$ *

+ ) $ * B- 6

) ) 0 * $

) 0 *

$ * . * -

$ ;H *

&-9'H $ * +

) -; 4 $ 0 * >

> . 1 * = * A%&&'B * * ) * *

A - -$ " 0 G-J-B D

* *

* * %

-6 * * * D * * )

$ * * * > + *

-$ 1 A%&&%B )* .

* $ )

* * * ) * * - G $

8 > A%&&'B * ) * ;H ) /

) 9;H - G

$ = > A%&&CB $ )* * *

* * * 0 * $

* +

J % ) * $ J : )

* - J 9$ ) D *

$ J ?$ )

; * . $ 8 *

* $ * ) )* * * *

* * - * $ *

* - 6 0 *

-%6 * 0 . 5 A" > $ %&&@B$

* * > A" > K $ %&&CB *

(7)

%&&@B-0 * 5 * -

J @$ ) * + $

* * - J C

-( * ) *

) * * - * * *

* GJ A * * 6 /B F

* * * * ) 5 F )

* D * - $ *

* ) ) 5 * 5 *

$ * 5

-6 $

. - * * * 2 )

$ $ A B$ . $ Y$

)* * $ * - *

$ . $ *

* *

-* ) * 2 E

H * K- 8 A

B$ * Y- * ) $

E $ 2

H =Lh=Leφs,

)* L * ) 5 $ h E

) 5 s * - * A B 2

A = KAα H −α A

B = KBα H −α

(8)

( * $ A 2 αa < αb- ( B

$ * A p

-$ * * *

* * . A a bB + *

A A BB- Y 2

Y = Θaγb −γ. A;B

5 3 * $

* * 5 $ )* * Y

A B *

+ τ- * τ * A B

* 5

-( k=K/H $ . k∗

*

* $ )* A B

$ )* * ) * * GJ- (

)* k < k∗

-D $ * K H

* A B $ * D a b

$ * . Y * :- (

5 $ * . 0 >

* .

KA, LA = arg maxqKAα L

−α

A −rKA−wLA

KB, LB = arg maxKBα L

−α

B −rKB−wLB

a, b = arg maxπaγb −γ

−qa−b

5 A * $ KA+KB ≤ K$ LA+LB ≤ LB$

A * $ q = (1 +τ)p A > a$ q = p A =a$ q = p/(1 +τ) A < aB$

A * $ . * > . B

: * * ) A;#C;B$ A;##%B$ / + A%&&;B $

(9)

A%&&@B-A * $ pa+b = pA+BB- <

$ * $ *

. $ * - * *

$ $ > D

Y = ΘF(K, H|τ , p)

* . ) * ) - * F

$ * * * 2

D * * 5 * *

5 * $ * D + *

* * . - ! *

* Θ * $ * * τ

p$ + F ) * * $ +

-* ) 4 5 * 6* *

s, x, i * * * D F ) 9

F(K, H|τ , p) =     

(τ , p)Kα Hα

k < s(τ , p)

(τ , p)K+ (τ , p)H k∈[s(τ , p), x(τ , p)]

Hα

k ∈[x(τ , p), k∗

]$

)* α=γαa+ (1−γ)αb- * *

A%&&@B-* ) $ * * ) $ )

* A$ 0 $

* b * 5 . * *

-* $ * F * A $

* 5 * * / ) * * ) * αa

-* -* k * . F * * * 0

9( * F(K, H|τ , p) k < k* *

* ) - * k > k∗

(10)

-A BF D * D >

* $ F K H -? * * k *

* ) * * $ *

* . * *

τ$ * * 5 - * $ F / $

) * * D * ) * α- 6 $ *

* * * 5 $ * D

Y = KαHα

k

-6 * * $ τ3 * ) $

* - * * τ

p$ * * $ * 5 *

0 - < )

* * * )*

A * $ k < k∗

B$ * *

B$ * * E * * B

* E A$ )*

* Y * * a/b 0 - J $ $

p$ * *

A )* * *

-4 $ )* $ . - $

s x τ $ * $ x→ 0 τ → ∞. *

) $ * * * + $ * )

$ 5 $

-$ * + F *

- ) * $

$ )* k < s(τ , p)- * $ Y = Θ KαH −α$

* Γτ = Kα −α/ > 1-

$

?(* * ) * . $ *

* * 5 5 $ )

- * $ K/H * * 0 $

) * 3 * Y K H,

(11)

-) 5 * GJ$ A * $

* * ΘB )* * A * $ΓτB$

) * Θ

-( * ( A ( B

-* $ ) * * ;?

$ * * < 8 A%&&&B- $

+ ) * * * ( < 5 A%&&?B-@ (

) 2 ;#'? %&&&$ * *

)* * k * * GJ

-* $ ) * " * $

* 5 * . $ ) 4 7 A;###B$

$ K = I /[(1 +g)(1 +n)−(1−δ)]$ )*

δ = 3.5% A $ A%&&'BB$ g = 1.54% *

) * * GJ$ n * ) * *

- * * $ ) "

* $ * h = eφs$ * * φ = 0.099$

) *

A;##9B-$ ) * * * * * $

α = 1/3. * ) * α$

* γ$ αa αb- *

$ * D + *

) * ) αa αb$ α. $ *

@ * $ * ) 5 * , *

$ )* * $ *

-$ * ( < 5 ) $ - $ ) *

) * * ) +

-J $ 0 * ( A%&&9B$

+ D 0

-4 ) $ * *

(12)

-Γτ =

F(K, H|p, τ)

F(K, H|τ =∞)

) * αb−αa$ Γτ → ∞ αb−αa→1.( *

* αa$ αb γ * > Γτ ) *

-5 γ = 1/2$ αa = 0.19 αb = 0.477$ * α = 1/3$ *

0 * * * $

* Γ = 1.01 " 0 ;#'? - ( . *

$ 1 * 1 * A;##?B * 0

! ) ;H /

" 0 $ Γ * >

-) * $ * * Γτ *

) * * * k 5 " 0 $ * *

* ) L

-p ) 5 * 5 A )* k =

k∗

- k∗

) 5 * *

) * $ ) *6.1%

Y = K / L /

-* * +

) * )* * 0 * $ *

* * ) * 5 )

5 - 4 $ ) * + ) *

$ + $ ) .

. - ) * L

-$ * + * * $

k- ) * )k < s(p, τ)) *

$ A$ * ) * $ * $

) > B - * ) D

(13)

$ * * - $ )* s(p, τ) < k < x(p, τ), . . . A

* * 5 $ B

) - * $ k * + k∗

- $

* * $ )* k > x(p, τ)$ ) - * $

τ * * + ) * *

* ) *

-; * ) * s(p, τ)/k∗

x(p, τ)/k∗

* ) *

* + τ$ * p- 6 *

$ ) * * 47% * GJ k )

> A$ * ;#'? ) L

k $ ?? * @C * - $τ = 0 )

* @C ) - τ $ * )

$ * A * * B *

5-0 $ τ = 0.28$ * τ $ ) ) .

* %' ) * > 3 ;9 *

)

(14)

7 * ) * M * ) * ) *

C$Γ ,

A * *

0B-;2

6G! =N Γ 6G! =N Γ

< * ;-:% * ;-;'

< > ;-&; =) ;-@C

* ;-9% J * ;-&;

4 ;-?: ;-9@

;-:@ G ;-##

" ;-&# O ) ;-&C

* A *

G $ * #'-@HB$ * *

Γ * %H > )* *$ 5 J *

< > $

*-6 $ 5 * * 5 *

* ) - * A $ . * *

0B$ ) * 0 * τ * 5 Γτ *

Γ $ * Γ $ *

-C

Γ = F(K, H|p,0)

(15)

%2 8

6G! =N τ Γ τ k/k∗

1/3 1/2 100%

< * @?-@ C%-C #;-# #9-? &-;&

< > ?-;C C-:: ;&-9 9C-; &-C; * '#-9 #'-& ;%%-& 9#-? &-&@

4 ;;'-' ;%#-? ;?#-@ %C-C &-&9

CC-& '9-' ;&@-: #;-& &-&' " ;C-# %;-' :&-# ;9-& &-:#

* :?-; 9&-9 ?:-C %#-% &-%%

=) ;??-@ ;@#-; %&C-C ::-& &-&% J * @-& C-9 ;&-? %;-% &-C& ;&;-9 ;;&-# ;:C-: ;#-? &-&?

G %9?-? %C%-: ::@-' %?-& &-&;

O ) ;?-? ;#-; %C-: #-9 &-9:

$ * * * * + ) *

- $ * < *$ *

) :%H$ ) 5

τ = 65.6% * * ) $ τ = 92H ) *

- * + #9-?H$ * ) $ * )

* - J $ * *

-6 * * * $ G =) k *

+ :&&H %&&H$ $ * * - *

M * - (

A%&&9B $ + . *

$ *

+ - = " * A%&&CB

D . * * =) $ 5

)* 5 * * * G 1 *

(16)

'&H * 0 - * *

* * A ) * ) B$

* D * 1 A=) B "

) P@-?&& - * *

" $ + $ + * .

* * $ * %&CH * * *

*

-$ * < > J * $ )* * k

* *$ * + * * -

$ * * + ;#'? ) * $ *

* *

-( ) 5 * - * *

Y = ΘKαH −α

)* Θ = ΘΓτ F 0

F Γτ * ) )-

5 $ * Γτ = Γ∞= 1$ * Θ = Θ.4 ) $ +

) *$ * Γτ >1$ * * , Θ,

*

-/ * ) 5 $ L$ ) ) 5 $

Y L = Θ

K H

α

H L

! )$ * $ * * $ )

) * D

Y L =

K H

α

(17)

( * 0 * ) 0 $

)* * + ) * * GJ

Yi/Li

YU S/LU S

= Ki

Hi

/KU S HU S

α

× Hi

Li/ HU S

LU S

×Γi,τ × Θi ΘU S

* ) . * * *

0 3 . * + +

E $ * * E

) 5 - - -$ * - * * ) Θ$

)* $ )* * ) ) 2 *

* - *

* * * * 0 $ *

*

0-:2 /

6G! =N y k h Θ Γτ Θ

< * &-&'C &-9@# &-9%? &-9:? ;-&&& &-9:? < > &-:9% &-'#; &-9'% &-C#C ;-&&& &-C#C * &-&?9 &-:#@ &-?9# &-%9C ;-:'' &-;C' 4 &-&9' &-::& &-9?C &-:;' ;-?%& &-%&# &-&C? &-9:; &-9'C &-:?' ;-;:: &-:;C " &-%#; &-C:; &-?C' &-@#& ;-&C& &-@9? * &-;@; &-@&C &-@9: &-9;; ;-;9' &-:?' =) &-&9? &-%C; &-9;@ &-9&; ;-@?& &-%9: J * &-9#C &-'#& &-?@C &-#'9 ;-&&& &-#'9 &-&@@ &-:@@ &-99# &-:## ;-9?' &-%C: G &-&:; &-;'& &-9;' &-9;9 ;-#C9 &-%;& O ) &-;?@ &-C?? &-99# &-9?# ;-&@9 &-9:;

0 $ D ) * Γτ ≈ 1$ * *

* 0 A - -$ < > <

B$ * + * * * * ) * A - -$

(18)

Γτ * $ * * *

) $ >

-$ * =) 9;H *

G-J-4 ) $ ) 5 * * *

A @?H B *

) $ %9H- 6 * ) * * $ 4 $ " > D $

=) J 8 - * Θ ) @?H Θ.

6 $ * Θ '?H

Θ.

* ) )* * * Θ

* * ΘM $ * >> Θ

$ * 0 ) *

M (* ) A

68J $ B * * )

$ Θ, ) . * * $ 0

$ )* * * *

* * * 0 - J 0 )

J 8 $ 7 $ G " > D - 4 ) $

* * $ Θ, * *

* * ) y Θ * * - 4 $

* * ) y Θ )

0 * $ ) * $

-* = D * Θ y A * * G-J-B * *

$ $ * D 9:H * *

* Θ y$ .

-!

"

( ) D * + $

$ p$ * *

- $p * *

(19)

+ *

-)* ) 5 - 6 *

* $ 1 * = * A%&&CB$ * 5 )* * *

) ) * ) * * 0

$

-* $ * ) 2 *

* . )

$ * 0 / $

* ) - * $ * * * $ .

- J * ) * 0

* + * $

* ) * * E * $ *

5 ) - 4 $ ) *

0 * >> * * . $

A - -$ " 0 G-J-B * 5 * 5

-* * 0 . * ) * Θ

(20)

-%2 * ;H p Aτ = 0

τ = 0.1B

G $ * *

* A) &-?H

Γ $ * Θ$ * * p- * ) $

$ ) * * * k$ * *

B. * k * * $

* 0 - * $ *

* + * p

-* * . * *

τ = 10%. ) k$ * * - *

p Γτ k- * *

* * + *

τ . 4 $ + ) *

E 0 $ B

* A, * * * * 0 A B A ABB

A

(21)

* ;#'? %&&& - * $Θ ) * ) ;?-? * * $

$ * * * $ )* Θ ) ;:-? * *

-" $ * 0 ) * *

$ )* Θ CH Θ %H'- *

* * *

-#

$

* ) * - (

* 4 5 * 6* * *

+ - * ) * 1

A%&&%B = )* * *

* + * - * E

- = > A%&&@B$

)* * 1 A%&&%B$ * +

-! * $ * *

+

A B ) *

- $ * * = >

A%&&CB *

-" $ * * ) * *

+ 5 $ * )

* * ) A A%&&@BB- * $

* 0 5 5

* $ ) $ * )

-6 $ * * ) * * * +

* ) * $

'! * * *

%&&& * * 0 A $ $ $

$ $ -B 0 ) * * 2 $ * $ < > $

(22)

-+ - ( A%&&9B

* * ) * * 6 / *

D ) + - ( ) $ * ) $

* * ) 5 ) * * ( < 5

+- 0 * ) 5 A

B

-%

Q;R >$ - =- 8 A%&&?B$ S D *

1 " $S !

-

;;C@9-Q%R $ 7- - ( A%&&9B$ S S$

9%A:B$ @#;

C?;-Q:R < $ =- 7- (- 8 A%&&&B$ T /

2 G $U ! -

C#;;-Q9R $ (- A;#C;B$ S * + * ) *S$ <*

) $ 7 $ " 5$ $ ! " #$

A! * 4 B$ ;;C

;9:-Q?R / +$ - A%&&;B$ S= * !

) *$S $# $ ;;;A B$ %CC

%#9-Q@R $ 7- J- 1 A%&&%B$ S * $ * $ $S

C&A?B$ ;C9;

;C'&-QCR $ - -$ $ J- -$ - A%&&'B$ S *

6 / + A;#C& %&&&B2

$S $# % $ - ' 2 - ; A B$

(23)

:-Q'R $ - - - A%&&@B$ T6 * 8 + <

-U & "' 9CA9B$ ;:;# ;:9&

Q#R 4 $=- - 7 A;###B$ T(* / J J " *

" 6 ( 5 * 6 * M$U (

$ ;;9A;B2 ':

;;@-Q;&R 1 * $ - 7- - 7- 1 * - A;##9B T ! L ( *

D " $U) % (

"$ ;'A%B$ ;C

:9-Q;;R 1 * $ - 1- = * A%&&'B$ U J* 5 * J* 5

M$U ) % * + ! - :#;

Q;%R 1 * $ - 7- 1- 7- = * A%&&@B$ TJ J $ J =

$ = 0 * = $U G " G

0

-Q;:R 1 )$ - 7- - = > A;##CB$ T * ! =

) * 2 4 M$U < J- < 5 7

7- = $ $ % , -../ A $

" 2 * " B$ C:

;&:-Q;9R " * $ J- A%&&CB$ S / * 1 "

S$ $ J *

-Q;?R " 5 )$ !- -$ = $ /- /-( A;##%&' T *

) *$U( ';&C A%B2

9&C

9:C-Q;@R " > $ - - A%&&@B$ T J J <

" ) * 2 * / , L K$U

$ G "

-Q;CR " > $ - K A%&&CB$ T

$U $# % $ C2; A B$

(24)

::-Q;'R $ - A;##'&' T! 2 * $U & "$ :#A:B2 ?%?

??%-Q;#R * $ - A;##9&' T= 2

G $U 0 $ %%A#B2 ;:%?

;:9:-Q%&R = > $ - A%&&CB$ S $ / + * 6

$S ! -

;:@@%-Q%;R $ - A;##%B$ T6 * J* = / +

$U $ G

-Q%%R $ 7- A;##CB$ T ) * U$(

$ ;;%A;B2 ?C '9

Q%:R ( < 5A%&&?B$ S( / $S * ( < 5$

(25)

--;2

6G! =N Γ 6G! =N Γ

< ;9@-@ 7 ;;&-: < ) ;;?-: 1 ;&'-; ;:&-: " ;&'-C - - = - ;9:-# ! ;9%-% ;?9-; 5 ;%#-: ;%;-# ! ) ;;C-:

* ;::-# * ;;C-'

< ;:'-% J 8 5 ;:;-# 1 ;:?-% J ;;%-&

8 * ;9@-% ) ;;%-%

" ) ;99-; * ;;?-@ " ;:'-9 5 ;;:-# " ;;9-: < ;&;-& " > D ;C&-% < ;;'-&' ! ;:#-# < > ;&;-: =) ;@@-C * ;&'-:

J ;:'-9 ;;%-%

J 8 ;@;-C = ;;&-@ J * ;&;-: / ;;?-@ > ;:9-C ;&?-# ;9@-9 J ;;'-: ;&:-% ;;9-C

G ;#'-@ ;&'-;

O ;;'-C 4 ;?:-;

(26)

-%2 8

6G! =N τ Γ τ k/k∗

1/3 1/2 100%

(27)

-% A -B2 8

6G! =N τ Γ τ k/k∗

1/3 1/2 100%

(28)

:2 /

6G! =N y k h Θ Γτ Θ

(29)

: A -B2 /

6G! =N y k h Θ Γτ Θ

Referências

Documentos relacionados

In 2013, the value of Australia’s trade in medicaments with Slovenia and the Western Balkan countries amounted to $27.2 million (see Table 2), 14.4 per cent of the value

Using base year data and known values for the elasticity of substitution between imports and domestic goods (σ) equal to 2 for consumer goods and 0.5 for intermediate goods there

[r]

From the above we can conclude only negative: number of deposits, leading to loss of control and stored products; outdated equipment that occupies a lot of space; lack of

This paper advances a model to explain the total factor productivity in Asian countries, most of which are labor surplus and are endowed with substantial human capital.. Such

According to analysis on inluencing factors of green TFP in main cities, it has been concluded that per-capita urban road area, number of Internet users, proportion of

This article uses the stochastic-frontier model to analyse the contribution made by tfp to economic growth in a sample of Latin American countries; for which purpose it examines

In the course of this project we have designed and implemented data transformation pipeline and a set of interactive dashboards that provides insights into possible classification