تاثیر سه نوع کود بر درصد اسانس، رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی و تنظیم کننده های اسمزی در بابونه تحت تنش خشکی

ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘهﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ : يرﺪﻴﺣﻲﻔﻄﺼﻣ . سردآ : ﻞﺑاز -دﺎﻬﺟناﺪﻴﻣ -ﻞﺑازهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

-تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧحﻼﺻاوﺖﻋارزهوﺮﮔ . ﻚﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﺴﭘ : haydari2005@yahoo.com ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ مﻮﻠﻋردﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣيﺎﻫ ﻲﻋارز

ﺪﻠﺟ مﻮﺳ ،لواهرﺎﻤﺷ، ﻪﻤﻴﻧ لوا 89 33 -23

ﺮﺑ

دﻮﻛ

عﻮﻧ

ﻪﺳ

ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ

ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر

،ﺲﻧﺎﺳا

ﺪﺻرد

يﺎﻫ

يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ

هﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ

و

يﺰﻤﺳا

يﺎﻫ

رد

ﻲﻜﺸﺧ

ﺶﻨﺗ

ﺖﺤﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑ

يﺮﺒﻨﻗﺪﻤﺣا، 3

ﺮﺳهﺎﻴﺳﻲﻠﻌﺗاﺮﺑ، 2 ، نﺎﻳﺪﻤﺣاﺪﻤﺣا 4 1 . ﺖﻋارزﺪﺷراسﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ؛

2 و 3 . ﻞﺑازهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧحﻼﺻاوﺖﻋارزهوﺮﮔرﺎﻴﺸﻧادورﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳاﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ

4 . ﻪﻳرﺪﻴﺣﺖﺑﺮﺗﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣوﻲﻨﻓهﺪﻜﺸﻧادﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔتاﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗهوﺮﮔرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 15 / 5 / 88 شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ؛ : 20 / 9 / 89 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻤﻴﺷدﻮﻛعﻮﻧﻪﺳوﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗتاﺮﺛاﻲﺳرﺮﺑرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧرﺮﺑيﺮﻬﺷﻪﻟﺎﺑزﺖﺳﻮﭙﻤﻛوﻲﻣاد،ﻲﻳﺎﻴ

هﺪﻨﻨﻛﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ،يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓيﺎﻫ

-تﺮﻛترﻮﺻﻪﺑﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ،ﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑﺲﻧﺎﺳاويﺰﻤﺳايﺎﻫ كﻮﻠﺑحﺮﻃﺐﻟﺎﻗردوهﺪﺷدﺮﺧيﺎﻫ

لﺎـﺳردراﺮـﻜﺗﻪـﺳﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻞﻣﺎﻛيﺎﻫ

1387 ﺪﻳدﺮﮔاﺮﺟاﻞﺑازهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻋرﺰﻣرد .

ﺎـﺷﺢﻄﺳﻪﺳردﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺎـﻳﺪﻫﺎـﺷﻞﻣ

90 ﻲـﻋارزﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪـﺻرد

ﻪﻋرﺰﻣ ) W1 ( ، 70 ﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪﺻرد )

W2 ( و 50 ﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪﺻرد )

W3 ( رددﻮـﻛعاﻮـﻧافﺮـﺼﻣرﺎﻤﻴﺗوﻲﻠﺻارﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ

دﻮﻛفﺮﺼﻣنوﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪﻫﺎﺷﻞﻣﺎﺷﺢﻄﺳرﺎﻬﭼ )

F1 ( ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷدﻮﻛ، )

F2 ( ، 25 رﺎﺘﻜﻫردﻦﺗ ﻲﻣاددﻮﻛ ) F3 ( و 25 رﺎﺘﻜﻫردﻦﺗ ﺖـﺳﻮﭙﻤﻛ ﺑز يﺮﻬﺷﻪﻟﺎ ) F4 ( ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻲﻋﺮﻓرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .

وﺲﻧﺎـﺳاﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺎﻣاﺪﺷﺲﻧﺎﺳاﺪﺻردﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺐﺒﺳﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳارد

ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺢﻄﺳردﺲﻧﺎﺳادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ 70

ﺪﻳدﺮﮔهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪﺻرد .

،ﺪـﻴﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﻛناﺰـﻴﻣﺮـﺑﻲﻜـﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﺢﻄﺳﻦﺘﻓرﻻﺎﺑﺎﺑ

ﺰﻓاگﺮﺑﺰﺒﺳﺖﻓﺎﺑردتارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛوﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛناﺰﻴﻣزاﻲﻟوهدو

a

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛو

b

ﺪﺷﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛنآ .

ﻪـﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷدﻮﻛفﺮﺼﻣ

ﺖﺷادﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاردﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣتﺎﻔﺻﺮﺑارﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑيدﻮﻛيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﺮﻳﺎﺳ .

ياﺮـﺑﻪـﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑﻲﻳورادهﺎﻴﮔردﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاتارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛوﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘراﺪﻘﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ .

ﺑ ارﻪـﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑﺲﻧﺎﺳاناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑناﻮﺗﻲﻣﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧسﺎﺳاﺮ

ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣﺶﻨﺗلﺎﻤﻋاﺎﺑ )

70 ﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪﺻرد (

دروآﺖﺳدﻪﺑ .

ﻲﻳارﺎـﻛزاﻲـﻣاددﻮـﻛزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗيﻻﺎﺑحﻮﻄﺳرد

ﺖﺳارادﻮﺧﺮﺑﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑهﺎﻴﮔرديﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .

هژاو يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫ : ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر،دﻮﻛ،ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ،يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓيﺎﻫ

هﺪﻨﻨﻛﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑ،يﺰﻤﺳايﺎﻫ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﭘﻮﻛﺎﻣرﺎﻓمﺎﻤﺗردﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑ

هﺎﻴﮔﻚﻳناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑنﺎﻬﺟﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣيﺎﻫ

نآنوﺰﻓازوردﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑوهﺪﺷﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻢﻬﻣﻲﻳوراد

ﻪﻴﻬﺗويزﺎﺳﺮﻄﻋ،ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑوﻲﺸﻳارآ،يزﺎﺳورادﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻرد

ﻲﻨﺷﺎﭼ

ﺎﺗﺖﺳارادرﻮﺧﺮﺑيدﺎﻳزرﺎﻴﺴﺑﺖﻴﻤﻫازاﻲﻳاﺬﻏيﺎﻫ

هﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻳوراد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ هرﺎﺘﺳ ار نآ ﻪﻛﺎﺠﻧآ

ا ﺪﻧ ) Balazs,

and Tissernad, 1998 .(

نﺎﻬﺟ رد ﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ

)

ﻲﻣور و ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻟآﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

(

ﻞﮔ ﻦﺗ راﺰﻫ رﺎﻬﭼ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ،

،نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ زا هﺪﻤﻋ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻚﺸﺧ

رد و ﺮﺼﻣ ،ﺪﻧﻼﻨﻓ ،ﻲﻧﻮﻠﺳا ،ﻚﭼ ،نﺎﻤﻟآ ،ﻦﻴﺘﻧاژرآ ،ﻪﻴﺳور

لﺎﺳ

ﻲﻣﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗﺪﻨﻫرﻮﺸﻛزاﺮﻴﺧايﺎﻫ

دﻮﺷ ) Omidbaigi, 2007 .(

ﺶﻨـﺗﺎـﺑدﻮﺧﺪﺷرنارودﻲﻃردنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ

دﺪـﻌﺘﻣيﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣﻪﺟاﻮﻣﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ .

ﻲـﻣﺎﻫﺶﻨﺗﻦﻳازاﻚﻳﺮﻫ

ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

تاﺮﺛا،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﻧﻮﮔﺪﺷرﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣوﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑ

نآدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋوﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ،ﺪﺷرﺮﺑﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ

ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘـﺷادﺎﻫ

.

ﻜﺸﺧ

دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋوﺪﺷرﺶﻫﺎﻛﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣزاﻲ

ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣردهﮋﻳﻮـﺑﻲﻳورادوﻲﻏﺎﺑ،ﻲﻋارزنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔزايرﺎﻴﺴﺑ

ﺎﻴﻧدﻚﺸﺧﻪﻤﻴﻧوﻚﺸﺧ

ا ﺖﺳ ) Haydari et al., 2006 .(

هﺪـﻨﻨﻛﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗهﺮﻴﺧذﺎﺑنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗزوﺮﺑﻲﻃرد

-نﻮﻳزاﻲﺧﺮﺑ،ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ،ﻪﻨﻴﻣآيﺎﻫﺪﻴﺳاﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫيﺰﻤﺳايﺎﻫ

-ﻮﻫ،ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣيﺎﻫ

نﻮﻣر ﻦﻴﺌﺗوﺮـﭘوﺎﻫ ﺎـﺑﻪـﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣردﻲﻌـﺳﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻧرادﺶﻨﺗ

.

ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻬﻣزاﻲﻜﻳﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘ،ﻲﻟآتﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻦﻴﺑرد

هﺪﻨﻨﻛﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ

ﻲﻣرﺎﻤﺷﻪﺑيﺰﻤﺳايﺎﻫ

دور ) Reddy et al.,

2004 .( زاﺶﻫﺎـﻛويﺰﻤـﺳارﺎـﺸﻓﻢﻴـﻈﻨﺗﺐﺒـﺳﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘ

ﻲــﻣسﺎــﻣآيراﺪــﻬﮕﻧولﻮﻠــﺳزابآندادﺖــﺳد

دﻮــﺷ .

Sayed (1992)

ﺮﺑﻲﺳرﺮﺑرد

گﺮﺑردﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘناﺰﻴﻣ ردصﻮـﺼﺧﻪـﺑوﺎﻫ

ﻪﺸﻳر

ﻲـﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﻫ

ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ . ﻪـﻛدﺮـﻛشراﺰـﮔﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫيو

گﺮﺑوﻪﺸﻳرردزﺎﻧژورﺪﻴﻫيدﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘﻢﻳﺰﻧآﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓناﺰﻴﻣ

ﻲـﻣﺶﻫﺎـﻛﻲـﺑآﺶﻨـﺗلﺎﻤﻋاﻲﻃردهﺎﻴﮔﻦﻳايﺎﻫ

ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ . ) 2006 ( Safikhani

رﺮﺑدﻮﺧتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗرد

ﻲﻳورادهﺎﻴﮔيو

ﻲﻜﺸﺧيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗلﺎﻤﻋاﻲﻃرددﺮﻛمﻼﻋاﻪﻳﻮﺒﺷردﺎﺑ

100 ،

60 و 40

ردﻦﻴﻟوﺮـﭘناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ،ﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪﺻرد

رﺎﻤﻴﺗ 40 %

ﻲﻣﺖﺳﺪﺑﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ

ﻲـﻃردﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ،ﺪﻳآ

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛراﺪﻘﻣزاﺶﻨﺗزوﺮﺑ

a

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛراﺪﻘﻣﺮﺑوهﺪﺷﻢﻛ

b

دﻮﺷﻲﻣهدوﺰﻓا

.

ﻠﺘﺨﻣﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

،ﻲـﻣاديﺎﻫدﻮﻛﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫيدﻮﻛﻒ

ﺶﻨﺗزوﺮﺑﻂﻳاﺮﺷرديﺮﻬﺷﻪﻟﺎﺑزﺖﺳﻮﭙﻤﻛوﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ

ﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋردﻲﺗاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗدﺎﺠﻳاﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

.

لﺎـﺜﻣياﺮـﺑ Haydari, et al., (2007)

ﺎـﺑﺪـﻧدﺮﻛمﻼـﻋا

نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧدﻮﻛيﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻜﺑ

)

ﻢﻴﻧﻮـﻣآتاﺮـﺘﻴﻧ (

زوﺮـﺑﻂﻳاﺮـﺷرد

ﻲﻣيرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗ

ﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑناﻮﺗ ﺰﺒـﺳﺖـﻓﺎﺑردﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘﺰﺘﻨﺳنا

دوﺰﻓامﺪﻨﮔ

.

ﺐﺒـﺳنژوﺮـﺘﻴﻧدﻮـﻛﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻦﻳاردﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔﺰـﻴﻧگﺮﺑردﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛﻞﻛراﺪﻘﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

. ﺪـﻨﭼﺮـﻫ

ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋيﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑوﺮﺘﻌﻳﺮﺳرﻮﻄﺑﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷيﺎﻫدﻮﻛ

ﻲﻣراﺮﻗنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔرﺎﻴﺘﺧاردار ﺰـﻴﻧﻲـﻣاديﺎـﻫدﻮﻛﺎﻣا،ﺪﻨﻫد

زﻻﻲﻳاﺬﻏﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﺮﺜﻛايﻮﺘﺤﻣ

ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﺪﺷرياﺮﺑم

) Chaudhry, et al., 1999 .(

هﺪﻤﻋ

تﻻﻮـﻀﻓ،كﺎﺧ ﻲﻟآداﻮﻣهﺪﻨﻨﻛﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﻪﻟﺎﺑزﺖﺳﻮﭙﻤﻛوﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔيﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ،ﻲﻣاد

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣيﺮﻬﺷيﺎﻫ

ﺎـﺗﺎﻬﻧآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﮔرايزروﺎﺸﻛﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑهزوﺮﻣاﻪﻛ

ﺖـﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻪﺟﻮﺗدرﻮﻣيدﺎﻳزﺪﺣ

) Brussard, and

Ferrera-Cenato, 1997 .(

يﺎﻫدﻮﻛﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻲﻟآيﺎﻫدﻮﻛ

يدﺎـﻳزﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣيارادﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷيﺎﻫدﻮﻛﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣردﻲﻣاد

ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋزاﻲﻨﻏﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣوﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻲﻟآداﻮﻣ

رﺎﻤﺷﻪﺑﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘوﺮﻔﺴﻓ،نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧﺄﺻﻮﺼﺧﻲﻳاﺬﻏ

ﻪﺑوﺪﻨﻳآ

ﺪﻨﻫدراﺮﻗنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔرﺎﻴﺘﺧاردارﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﻦﻳاروﺮﻣ

. ﺎﻣا يﺎﻫدﻮﻛ

فﺮـﻃﺮﺑارنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﻲﻳاﺬﻏتﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣامﺎﻤﺗﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧﻲﻣاد

يﺪـﺣﺎـﺗكﺎـﺧﻲـﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓنﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎـﺳدﻮﺒﻬﺑﺎﺑﻪﺘﺒﻟا،ﺪﻧزﺎﺳ

ﺪــﺷﺪــﻨﻫاﻮﺧكﺎــﺧﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴــﺷﺶــﺨﺑردلدﺎــﻌﺗﺐﺒــﺳ

) Chaudhry, et al., 1999 .( ) 1999 ( Sharifi Ashoorabadi ﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣﻲـﺳرﺮﺑﺎـﺑ

ﺮﻴﮔرﺎـﻜﺑوﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷيﺎـﻫدﻮﻛ،ﻲـﻣاددﻮﻛﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

ماﻮـﺗي

نآ وﻲـﻣاددﻮـﻛدﺮﺑرﺎـﻛﻪﻛﺖﺷادرﺎﻬﻇاﻪﻧﺎﻳزارهﺎﻴﮔردﺎﻫ

ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷيﺎﻫدﻮﻛ

) NPK ( ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑارﻪﻧﺎﻳزاردﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ 78

و 69

دادﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺪﻫﺎﺷﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﺪﺻرد

. Mallanagouda

(1995) رﺎـﻤﻴﺗردﺰﻴﻨـﺸﮔﻪـﻧاددﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺰﻴﻧ

ﺮـﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛزاﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣاددﻮﻛﻲﻘﻴﻔﻠﺗ

زاماﺪـﻛ

دﻮﺑﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟترﻮﺼﺑﺎﻫدﻮﻛ

.

ﺶﻨـﺗﺮـﺛاﺎـﺑﻪﻄﺑارردﻲﻌﻴﺳوتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗنﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗﻪﭼﺮﮔا

رﺎـﺘﻓرﺎـﻣاهﺪـﺷمﺎـﺠﻧاﻲـﻋارزتﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣيورﺮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧ

ﺮـﺘﻤﻛبآدﻮـﺒﻤﻛﻂﻳاﺮـﺷﺖـﺤﺗﺮـﻄﻌﻣوﻲـﻳورادنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ

ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

. ﻪـﻣاداوﺖـﻳدﻮﺟﻮﻣكردياﺮـﺑﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

،ﻚـﺸﺧﻲﺣاﻮﻧردﻲﻳورادنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔتﺎﻴﺣ

دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا

نآ نآطﺎــﺒﺗراﻲﮕﻧﻮــﮕﭼوﻂﻳاﺮــﺷ ﻦــﻳاﺖــﺤﺗﺎــﻫ ﺎــﺑﺎــﻫ

ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳا،دﻮﻛزاﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣعاﻮﻧايﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻜﺑ

.

شوروداﻮﻣ

ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻋارزلﺎﺳردﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻦﻳا

87 -1386 ﻲﺗﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻋرﺰﻣرد

ﻲﻳﺎـﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟلﻮـﻃﺎـﺑﻞﺑازهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد 61

وﻪـﺟرد 29 ﻪـﻘﻴﻗد

ﻲﻳﺎـﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟضﺮـﻋ،ﻲﻗﺮﺷ

31

وﻪـﺟرد

2 وﻲﻟﺎﻤـﺷﻪـﻘﻴﻗد

عﺎﻔﺗرا 487

ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﺎﻳردﺢﻄﺳزاﺮﺘﻣ

. ﻲﮔﺪﻧرﺎﺑﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎﺳ 63 ﺮـﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ و ﺮﺜﻛاﺪـﺣوﻞﻗاﺪـﺣﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑنآﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎﺳيﺎﻣد

16 و 30 داﺮﮕﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد هدﻮﺑ و

ﻲـﻣرﺎﻤﺷﻪﺑﻚﺸﺧومﺮﮔﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣءﺰﺟﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗاظﺎﺤﻟزا

دور .

كﺎﺧﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗزاﻞﺻﺎﺣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

زاﻞﺒﻗﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻞﺤﻣ

لوﺪﺟردﺖﺷﺎﻛ

1

ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷهدروآ

.

تﺮﻛترﻮﺻﻪﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳا

حﺮـﻃﺐﻟﺎﻗردوهﺪﺷدﺮﺧيﺎﻫ

كﻮﻠﺑ

ﺪﻳدﺮﮔاﺮﺟاراﺮﻜﺗﻪﺳﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻞﻣﺎﻛيﺎﻫ

. يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ

ﺎـﻳﺪﻫﺎـﺷﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ

90 ﻲـﻋارزﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪـﺻرد

ﻪﻋرﺰﻣ ) W1 ( ، 70

ﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪﺻرد

) W2 ( و 50 ﺪـﺻرد ﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ) W3 (

فﺮﺼﻣرﺎﻤﻴﺗوﻲﻠﺻارﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ

دﻮـﻛفﺮـﺼﻣنوﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪﻫﺎﺷﻞﻣﺎﺷﺢﻄﺳرﺎﻬﭼرددﻮﻛعاﻮﻧا

) F1

( ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴــﺷدﻮــﻛ، )

90 ،هروارﺎــﺘﻜﻫردمﺮﮔﻮــﻠﻴﻛ 50

وﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘتﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳرﺎﺘﻜﻫردمﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ

50

رﺎﺘﻜﻫردمﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ

ﻞﭙﻳﺮﺗتﺎﻔﺴﻓﺮﭘﻮﺳ = F2 ( ، 25

رﺎﺘﻜﻫردﻦﺗ

ﻲـﻣاددﻮﻛ ) F3 ( و 25

رﺎﺘﻜﻫردﻦﺗ

ﻮﭙﻤﻛ

يﺮﻬﺷﻪﻟﺎﺑزﺖﺳ

) F4

( ناﻮـﻨﻋﻪـﺑ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﻲﻋﺮﻓﻞﻣﺎﻋ

.

تﺮﻛﺮﻫهزاﺪﻧا

3 × 2 ،ﺮـﺘﻣ

تﺮﻛﻦﻴﺑﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ

كﻮﻠﺑﻦﻴﺑﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓوﺮﺘﻣﻢﻴﻧﺎﻫ

ردﺮـﺘﻣودﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ

.

تﺮﻛردﺖﺷﺎﻛزاﻞﺒﻗﺎﻫدﻮﻛزاﻚﻳﺮﻫ

يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷطﻮﻠﺨﻣكﺎﺧﺎﺑﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ

. ﺪﻨﻔـﺳالواﻪـﻤﻴﻧردﺖﺷﺎﻛ

1386

ﻧاﻲﺘﺳدشورﻪﺑ

ﺪﺷمﺎﺠ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧﺎﺑﺎﻫرﺬﺑ،ﻲﻧزﻪﻧاﻮﺟ 1

ﻪﺑ 2 طﻮـﻠﺨﻣمﺮـﻧهراكﺎﺧﺎﺑ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ )

هراكﺎﺧﺖﻤﺴﻗودورﺬﺑﺖﻤﺴﻗﻚﻳ

.(

ﺮﻫنوردرد

ﻒﻳدرﻦﻴﺑﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓتﺮﻛ

ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳزاﺎﻫ 50

ﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓوﺮﺘﻣﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ

ﻒﻳدريورﺎﻫ

20 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ

ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔظﺎﺤﻟﺮﺘﻣ

. ﻪـﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑرﺬـﺑ

ﻦﻳاردهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ

ﺪﻟﻮﮔدﻮﺑﻪﺘﻳراوﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

) ﺪﻴﺋﻮﻠﭘاﺮﺘﺗ ( زا

ﺪﺷﻪﻴﻬﺗجﺮﻛﻲﻳورادنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ

. لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﻖﻤﻋردﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻞﺤﻣكﺎﺧﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ 30

-0 يﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ Table 1. Result of soil analysis at 0-30 cm depth

ﺖﻳاﺪﻫ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا EC pH ﻲﻟآهدﺎﻣ OM نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ N ﺮﻔﺴ ﻓ ﻢﻴﺳ ﺎﺘﭘ ﻦﻫ آ وري ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ يﻻ سر ﻦﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ

texture _{sand clay silt Mn Zn Fe K P}

% ppm % ﻲﻣﻮﻟ ﻲﻨﺷ Sandy loam

0.06 1.45 7.7 1.8

12 185 2.2 4.8 3.1 27 32 41 لوﺪﺟ 2 . هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣﺖﺳﻮﭙﻤﻛوﻲﻣاددﻮﻛتﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣزاﻲﺧﺮﺑ Table2. Some characteristics of animal manure and compost

ﻲﻟآهدﺎﻣ (%) Organic matter نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ N Pﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ K pH EC

dS m-1

ﺖﺑﻮﻃر Moisture (%) (%) ﻲﻣاددﻮﻛ ) animal manure ( 26.5 1.71 0.72 2.59 7.6 6.6 38 ﺖﺳﻮﭙﻤﻛ ) compost ( 19.6 1.1 0.4 1.24 7.2 7.4 32

ﻧاﻮﺟزاﺪﻌﺑ،ﻲﻜﺸﺧرﺎﻤﻴﺗلﺎﻤﻋاﺖﻬﺟ

راﺮﻘﺘـﺳاوﻲﻧزﻪ

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻞﻣﺎﻛ

هﺎﮕﺘﺳدزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑكﺎﺧﺢﻄﺳردﺎﻫ

TDR

ﺮﺑﺮﻳزلﻮﻣﺮﻓﻚﻤﻛﺎﺑيرﺎﻴﺑآو ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗكﺎﺧﺖﺑﻮﻃرناﺰﻴﻣ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﺪﺷرهرودﻞﻛردﺶﻳﺎﻣزآيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗسﺎﺳا

.

Vw= {(FC – θ) (Bd×D×A)}

ﻪـﻄﺑارﻦﻳارد FC

ﻲـﻋارزﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇﻲـﻧزوﺪـﺻرد )

ﻢﻴـﺴﻘﺗ

ﻣمﺮﺟﺮﺑﻲﻤﺠﺣﺖﺑﻮﻃر

كﺎـﺧيﺮﻫﺎﻇصﻮﺼﺨ

( ،

θ

ﺪـﺻرد

،كﺎﺧﺖﺑﻮﻃرﻲﻧزو

D

ﻪﺸﻳرﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻖﻤﻋ

) ﺮـﺘﻣ ( Bd مﺮـﺟ

كﺎـﺧيﺮﻫﺎـﻇصﻮﺼﺨﻣ

)

ﺐـﻌﻜﻣﺮـﺘﻣﺮـﺑمﺮﮔﻮـﻠﻴﻛ

( و A

تﺮﻛﺮﻫﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ

) ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ ( ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ،ﺲﻧﺎﺳاﺪﺻردﻞﻴﺒﻗزاﻲﺗﺎﻔﺻﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳارد

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ،تارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛ ،ﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ،ﺲﻧﺎﺳا

a ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ،

b

ﻠﻛعﻮﻤﺠﻣ،

ﻪـﻧاﺪﮕﻧرعﻮـﻤﺠﻣو ﺎﻫﺪـﻴﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﻛ،ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮ

ﺎـﻫ

هزاﺪﻧا

ﺪﻧﺪﺷيﺮﻴﮔ

. هزاﺪﻧاياﺮﺑ

هﺎﮕﺘﺳدزاﺲﻧﺎﺳاﺪﺻرديﺮﻴﮔ

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺮـﻴﮔ (Clevenger)

ﺪـﺷهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا

. ردتارﺪـﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛ

لﻮﻧﺎﺗازاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔزاﻞﺒﻗﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ 95

% سﺎـﺳاﺮـﺑو

ﺪـﺷجاﺮﺨﺘـﺳاﻚﻳرﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳﺪﻴﺳاشور

) Schlegel, 1956 .(

هزاﺪـﻧاياﺮﺑ

شورزاﻦﻴﻟوﺮـﭘ يﺮـﻴﮔ

) 1973 ( Bates et al.

ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا . هزاﺪﻧاياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧريﺮﻴﮔ يﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓيﺎﻫ 2 / 0

گﺮﺑزامﺮﮔ

ردناﻮﺟيﺎﻫ

10 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ

نﻮﺘﺳاﺮﺘﻴﻟ

100 ﺪـﺻرد

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧوﺪﺷهدادراﺮﻗ

ﺖﻋﺮﺳردارﺎﻫ

1600 ﻪﺑﻪﻘﻴﻗدردرود

ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛراﺪـﻘﻣو هدﺮـﻛژﻮﻴﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎـﺳﻪﻘﻴﻗدهدتﺪﻣ a رد ﺟﻒﻴﻃ ﻲﺑﺬ 2 / 663 ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛراﺪـﻘﻣ،ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎـﻧ b

رد 8 / 646

ردﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﻛراﺪﻘﻣوﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ 490

زاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎـﺑﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎـﻧ

وﺮﻟﺎـﺘﻨﭽﻴﻟلﻮﻣﺮﻓﻚﻤﻛﻪﺑوﺖﺋاﺮﻗﺮﺘﻣﻮﺘﻓوﺮﺘﻜﭙﺳاهﺎﮕﺘﺳد

هزﺎـﺗگﺮـﺑمﺮـﮔردﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛمﺮـﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣسﺎـﺳاﺮﺑنﺮﺒﻟو

ﺪﻧﺪـﺷﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ )

Dere et al., 1998 (

. هدادنﺎـﻳﺎﭘرد يﺎـﻫ

ﻞﺻﺎﺣ راﺰﻓامﺮﻧزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ SAS

و MSTATC

وﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﻪـﻨﻣادﺪﻨﭼنﻮﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺎﻫ

ردﻦـﻜﻧاديا

ﺢﻄﺳ 5 % ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘمﺎﺠﻧا .

ﺚﺤﺑوﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

تارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛوﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘ

ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗزاﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ) لوﺪﺟ 3 ( ﻲـﻣنﺎـﺸﻧ ﺪـﻫد

ﻲــﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺎــﺗﻲﻜــﺸﺧﺶﻨــﺗ

تارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛ ﺖﺷادﻲﻧﺎﻤﻟآﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑهﺎﻴﮔرد

. ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

هداد

ﻪـﻨﻣادﺪﻨﭼنﻮﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺎﻫ

ﺢﻄـﺳردﻦـﻜﻧاديا 5

%

وﻦﻴﻟوﺮـﭘراﺪﻘﻣﺮﺑ،ﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﺢﻄﺳﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﺑدادنﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪـﺷهدوﺰﻓاگﺮﺑتارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛ

) لوﺪـﺟ 4 .( ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧسﺎـﺳاﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ) 1994 ( Heuer ﺮـﺑﻲﻜـﺸﺧﺶﻨـﺗزوﺮـﺑﻲﻃرد

تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻊﻤﺠﺗناﺰﻴﻣ

ماﺪﻧامﺎﻤﺗردﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫﻲﻟآ يﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣهدوﺰﻓانﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ

دﻮﺷ . ردهﺪـﺷهﺮـﻴﺧذﻪﻨﻴﻣآﺪﻴﺳاﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘ

لﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣوﺮﻛﺎـﻣنﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎـﺳزاﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣردوهدﻮﺑﻢﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﻴﺳ

دراديﺮﺛﻮـﻣﺶـﻘﻧﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻲﻃردلﻮﻠﺳنورديﺎﻫ

.

ﺮﻈﻧسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ

) 1994 ( Good and Zaplachiniski ﻊـﻤﺠﺗ

ﻴﺳاوﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫﻲﺗﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ

ﺰﺒـﺳﺖـﻓﺎﺑردﻪـﻨﻴﻣآيﺎﻫﺪ

ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﺖﺤﺗاﺰﻠﻛهﺎﻴﮔ

مزﻻﻂﻳاﺮـﺷيﺪﺣﺎﺗﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻢﻫاﺮـﻓهﺎـﻴﮔياﺮـﺑارﻪـﺸﻳرﻂﻴﺤﻣزابآبﺬﺟﻪﻣاداياﺮﺑ

ﻢﻴـﻈﻨﺗياﺮـﺑﻲـﻟآتﺎـﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻦﻳاﻪﺑنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔيﺎﻜﺗاﺎﻣادروآ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫيﺰﻤﺳا

ﺖﺳاﺮﺑ

.

ﺐﺒـﺳﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷدﻮـﻛ،ﻲﻓﺮـﺼﻣدﻮـﻛعﻮـﻧﻪﺳﻦﻴﺑرد

ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

ﺪـﻘﻣراد ﻪـﺑﺖﺒـﺴﻧتارﺪـﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛوﻦﻴﻟوﺮـﭘرا

ﺪــﺷﺮــﮕﻳديدﻮــﻛيﺎــﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ

) لوﺪــﺟ 4 .( ﺮــﻈﻧسﺎــﺳاﺮﺑ ) 1995 ( Marschner

رﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳيارادتﺎـﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻦﻳاهﺪﻤﻋ

ﻦﻳازا،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻲﻧژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ

ﻲـﻣنژوﺮﺘﻴﻧزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاور

ﺎـﺗﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ

نآراﺪﻘﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺐﺒﺳيدﺎﻳزﺪﺣ

ددﺮﮔهﺎﻴﮔردﺎﻫ

. ﻦﻴـﺑرد

ﺳﻪﺑﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷدﻮﻛ،ﺎﻫدﻮﻛ

نآﻪﻴﻬﺗردﻲﺒﺴﻧﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳﺐﺒ

،ﺎﻫ

ﻲـﻣنژوﺮـﺘﻴﻧﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫيﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋﻲﻳﺎﻳﻮﭘﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﻪـﺑﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ

راﺮﻗنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔرﺎﻴﺘﺧاردارمزﻻﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﺮﮕﻳدونژوﺮﺘﻴﻧﻲﻧﺎﺳآ

ﺪﻫد ) Malakouti, 1996 .(

رﺎـﻤﻴﺗوﻲﻜـﺸﺧﻞـﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣﺮـﺛاﺪـﻨﭼﺮﻫﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳارد

ﻲﻨﻌﻣتارﺪﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛوﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑيدﻮﻛ

دﻮﺒﻧراد ) لوﺪﺟ

3 (

ﻲﻜـﺸﺧيﻻﺎـﺑﺢﻄـﺳردﻪﻛﺪﻳدﺮﮔﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻣا،

) W3 (

ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗ

ردﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷوﻲﻣاددﻮﻛزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻦﻴﺑيراد

ﺖـﺷاﺪﻧدﻮـﺟوﻪـﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑهﺎﻴﮔردتﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻦﻳاﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

) لوﺪﺟ 5 . ( ﻦﻳازا ردﻲـﻣاددﻮـﻛندﻮـﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑور

ﻲﻣنﺎﻤﮔ،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

ـﻣاددﻮـﻛزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادور ﻲ

ﺖـﺳﻮﭙﻤﻛوﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷدﻮﻛزاﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧيﻻﺎﺑﺢﻄﺳرد

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺖﻴﻌـﺿودﻮـﺒﻬﺑﺎـﺑتارﺪـﻴﻫﻮﺑﺮﻛوﻦﻴﻟوﺮـﭘﻊـﻗاورد

ﺪـﻨﻛﻲـﻣناﺮـﺒﺟاردﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋﺖـﻓاﺶﻨـﺗﻪﺑهﺎﻴﮔﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ

.

ﺮــﻈﻧسﺎــﺳاﺮﺑ

) 2000 ( Rezaiinejad and Afyouni

ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑﻲﻟآيﺎﻫدﻮﻛ

هﺪـﻳدﺮﮔكﺎﺧﻲﻟآداﻮﻣراد

نژوﺮـﺘﻴﻧوﻢﻴـﺳﺎﺘﭘ،ﺮﻔﺴﻓ،ﻦﻫآ،ﺲﻣ،يوربﺬﺟﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗو

ﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓااركﺎﺧ

ﺪﻨﻫد . ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓيﺎﻫ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاردﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗزاﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

) لوﺪﺟ 3 (

تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑيرادﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗدادنﺎﺸﻧ

ﺖـﺷادﻲﻧﺎﻤﻟآﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑردرﻮﻛﺬﻣ

. ﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎـﻫهدادﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣﻪـﺴ

ﻪﻨﻣادﺪﻨﭼنﻮﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ

ﺢﻄﺳردﻦﻜﻧاديا

5 %

دادنﺎﺸﻧ

ﻞــﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛناﺰــﻴﻣزاﻲﻜــﺸﺧﺶﻨــﺗﺢﻄــﺳﺶﻳاﺰــﻓاﺎــﺑ a

و

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ b گﺮـﺑﺪـﻴﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﻛراﺪـﻘﻣﺮـﺑﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣردوﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛ

ﺪــﺷهدوﺰــﻓا ) لوﺪــﺟ 4 .( ﺮــﻈﻧسﺎــﺳاﺮﺑ Schutz and Fangmier (2001)

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛناﺰﻴﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛ

ﺶﻨـﺗﺮﺛاردﺎﻫ

لﺎـﻜﻳدارﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﺖﻠﻋﻪﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧ

ردنﮋﻴـﺴﻛايﺎـﻫ

لﺎﻜﻳدارﻦﻳاﻪﻛﺖﺳالﻮﻠﺳ

ونﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛاﺮﭘﺐﺒﺳدازآيﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧرﻦﻳاﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ . ﺶﻨﺗرد ،ﺪﻳﺪﺷيﺎﻫ

هﺪـﻨﻨﻛﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣناﻮـﻨﻋﻪـﺑﻪـﻛﺪﻴﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﻛناﺰﻴﻣ

ياﺮـﺑيا

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ

ﻲـﻣرﺎﻤـﺷﻪـﺑيرﻮﻧنﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛاﺮﺑاﺮﺑردﺎﻫ

ﺪـﻧور

ﻲﻣهدوﺰﻓا

ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗﻊﻧﺎﻣﺎﺗدﻮﺷ

ددﺮﮔﺎﻫ

. ﻦـﻳا

يﺎـﻫﻪــﺘﻓﺎﻳﺎـﺑﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ Abdalla and El-Khoshiban,

(2007) و Mohammadkhani and Heidari (2007)

نآودرادﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ

ﺶﻨـﺗﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﺎـﺑﺪـﻧدادشراﺰـﮔﺰﻴﻧﺎﻫ

ﻞــﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛراﺪــﻘﻣزاﻲﻜــﺸﺧ ناﺰــﻴﻣﻞــﺑﺎﻘﻣردوﻪﺘــﺳﺎﻛﺎــﻫ

ﻓاﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﻛ

ﻲﻣهدوﺰ

دﻮﺷ .

ﺐﺒـﺳﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷدﻮـﻛفﺮﺼﻣ،ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣيﺎﻫدﻮﻛﻦﻴﺑرد

ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧرناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑدﺎﺠﻳا

ﺪﺷﺎﻫ

.

ﻲـﻣﻲـﻠﻛرﻮـﻄﺑ

ناﻮـﺗ

ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﺎـﺑﻲـﻣادوﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷيﺎﻫدﻮﻛفﺮﺼﻣﺖﻓﺮﮔﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛناﺰﻴﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑ،هﺎﻴﮔردنژوﺮﺘﻴﻧناﺰﻴﻣ

وﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﺒﺳنآلﺎﺒﻧﺪﺑﻪﻛهﺪﺷﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﻛ

ﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ،ﻲﮔ بﺬـﺟﻲ

وﺪـﺷرﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧردويﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓداﻮـﻣﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ،ﺪﻴﺷرﻮﺧرﻮﻧ

ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاهﺎﻴﮔدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

.

ﺲﻧﺎﺳادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋوﺪﺻرد

ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

) لوﺪﺟ 3 ( ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻫد

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ يدﻮﻛ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ و ﻲﻜﺸﺧ

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ يراد

دراد ﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑ .

هداد ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻣزآ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻨﻣاد

ﺢﻄﺳردﻦﻜﻧاديا

5 %

ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﺻرد ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺪﻫد

رﺎﻤﻴﺗرديﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗﺲﻧﺎﺳا

70

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻋارزﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﺪﺻرد

ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ) لوﺪﺟ 4 .(

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﺶﻨﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا راﺪﻘﻣ زا،ﺶﻨﺗ تﺪﺷ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑو ﻪﺘﻓر ﻻﺎﺑﺲﻧﺎﺳا

ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛ

دﻮﺷ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا

يﺎﻫ Munn and Algere (2000) ،ﻪﻳﻮﺒﺠﻧردﺎﺑرد ) 1999 ( Munne, et al.

،ﻪﻳﻮﺒﺠﻧردﺎﺑويرﺎﻣزريور

) 2006 ( Ahmadian

،ﺰﺒﺳ ) 2003 ( Hasani et al. و

Refaat and Saleh

) 1997 (

،نﺎﺤﻳررد

) 1994 ( Letchamo et al.

ﻦﺸﻳوآرد

ﺖﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ شراﺰﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ

. ﻪﺘﻜﻧ

ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺮﻛذ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

اﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﺘﻓر ﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ

ﻲﻤﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺪﺻرد ،ﺶﻨﺗ ن

ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺶﻨﺗ ردﻪﻛ اﺮﭼ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

داﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ هﺎﻴﮔ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺷ يﺎﻫ

هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗتﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗفﺮﺻ ار دﻮﺧ يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ

يﺎﻫ

ﻦﻴﺴﻴﻠﮔ ،ﻦﻴﻟوﺮﭘﻪﻠﻤﺟ زايﺰﻤﺳا

-يﺪﻨﻗتﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ و ﻦﻴﺋﺎﺘﺑ

ﻲﻣ نﺎﺘﻛوﺮﻓ و زﻮﺘﻛوﺮﻓ ،زورﺎﻛﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ

ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ

ﻴﺣﻪﻣاداياﺮﺑمزﻻﻂﻳاﺮﺷ

ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ارﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻦﻳارددﻮﺧتﺎ

ﺪﻨﻛ .

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫهﺎﻴﮔياﺮﺑتﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻦﻳا

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﻦﻳاهﺎﻴﮔوهدﻮﺑﺮﺑ

ﺎﻫﺎﮔار

ﻲﻣناﺮﺒﺟدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛيﺎﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﻨﻛ ) Munns,

1993 .(

يدﻮﻛ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ و ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

رد ﺲﻧﺎﺳادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﺲﻧﺎﺳاﺪﺻرد ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛداد نﺎﺸﻧ

ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ

(w2)

دﻮﻛ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻃ رد و

ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ

.

ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗرد ﺎﻣا

) 50

ﻲﻋارز ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺪﺻرد

(

زا يدﻮﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ فﻼﺘﺧا

دﻮﺒﻧ راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ظﺎﺤﻟ

) لوﺪﺟ 5 .(

رد ﻲﻣاد دﻮﻛ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻃ رد ﺲﻧﺎﺳا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗيﻻﺎﺑحﻮﻄﺳردﻲﻧﺎﻤﻟآﻪﻧﻮﺑﺎﺑ

طﻮﺑﺮﻣﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

و كﺎﺧ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ردﻲﻣاد دﻮﻛﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﻪﺑ

نآبﺬﺟﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗندروآﻢﻫاﺮﻓ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑهﺎﻴﮔﻂﺳﻮﺗﺎﻫ

.

ﺮﺑهوﻼﻋ

بﺬﺟﻲﻳارﺎﻛونژوﺮﺘﻴﻧلدﺎﻌﺗﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳﻲﻣاد دﻮﻛنآ

دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ

.

جﺮﻓ و ﻞﻠﺧدﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﻲﻣاد دﻮﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻪﺑ هﺎﻴﮔ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و كﺎﺧ

ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛ

) Brussard, and Ferrera-Cenato 1997 .(

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

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*

Correspondent author: Mostafa Heydari. Departement of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Zabol University, Jahad Sq., Zabol, Iran. E-Mail: Haydari2005@yahoo.com

Environmental Stresses

in Crop Sciences (ESCS) Vol. 3(1): 23-33 (2010)

Effects of three types of fertilizers on essential oil, photosynthetic pigments,

and osmoregulators in chamomile under drought stress

A. Arazmjo1, M. Heidari2*, A. Ghanbari3, B. Siahsar2, A. Ahmadian4

1. MSC of Agronomy, University of Zabol; 2, 3. Assistant- and Associate Professor, Departement of

Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Zabol;

4- Assistant Professor, Plant Production Dept., Engineering and Technical Faculty of Torbat Heydariyeh.

Abstract

In order to study the effects of drought stress and three types of fertilizers on

photosynthetic pigments, osmotic regulators and essential oil of chamomile, a split plot

field experiment based on CRD design was conducted with three replications in 2008 at

university of Zabol. Drought treatments included 90% FC (control W1), 70% FC (W2)

and 50% FC (W3) as main plots and fertilizer treatments included non fertilizer (F1),

chemical fertilizer (F2), manure (F3) and compost (F4) as sub plots. In this study,

drought stress led to increased essential oil percentage, whereas the greatest essential oil

percentage and yield obtained when 70% FC was applied. Increasing drought stress

level enhanced the amount of carotenoid, proline, and carbohydrate in leaves, while

decreased the amount of Ch a and Ch b. Among fertilizers, chemical fertilizer had the

highest effect on essential oil content. Results showed that chamomile accumulates

proline and carbohydrates to tolerate the drought stress. The maximum essential oil

content could be achieved applying mild water stress levels. Moreover, using manure

fertilizer under high level of drought stress was more effective.

Keywords: drought, fertilizer, photosynthetic pigments, osmotic regulators, chamomile