ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘهﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ :
ﺎﻔﺻﺎﺑدﻮﻤﺤﻣ . ﺰﻛﺮﻣ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يزروﺎﺸﻛ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻴﺒﻃ ﻲﻌ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ يﻮﺿر -هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يزروﺎﺸﻛ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ رﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻧ ، قوﺪﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﺴﭘ 587 ؛ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ رﺎﮕﻧرودو : 2231442 -0551 . ﺖﺴﭘ ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا : nbasafa@yahoo.com ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ مﻮﻠﻋردﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣيﺎﻫ ﻲﻋارز
ﺪﻠﺟ مﻮﺳ ،لواهرﺎﻤﺷ، ﻪﻤﻴﻧ لوا 89 81 -69
ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا
ﻞﻤﺤﺗ
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻜﺸﺧ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا
يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ
)
Medicago sativa
(
ﺎﺑ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
زا
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
يﺎﻫ
ﻞﻤﺤﺗ
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻜﺸﺧ
دﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻔﺻﺎﺑ 1 * ، ﺪﻴﺠﻣ نﺎﻳﺮﻫﺎﻃ 2 1 و 2 . ﺎﻀﻋا ء ﻴﻫ ﺌ ﺖ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يزروﺎﺸﻛ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ يﻮﺿر -هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يزروﺎﺸﻛ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ رﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 7 / 9 / 89
شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ؛
: 1 / 11 / 89 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ زا ﺶﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ رد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺷر و ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﻳا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا يﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺑﻪ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻲﻃ لﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻋارز 88 -1387 ، رد هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يزروﺎﺸﻛ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ رﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻧ اﺮﺟا ﺪﺷ . ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ تﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ دﺮﺧ هﺪﺷ رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ حﺮﻃ كﻮﻠﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺳ راﺮﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ . تﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺳ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ مﺪﻋ ،ﺶﻨﺗ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻢﻳﻼﻣ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ) رود يرﺎﻴﺑآ 7 ، 10 و 14 ر زو ( و تﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ 11 ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ ) STI ( ، ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ) TOL ( ، ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ ) SSI ( ، ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ) GMP ( ، ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ) MP ( و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻚﻴﻧﻮﻣرﺎﻫ ) HARM ( ، ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ ) Ys ( و نوﺪﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ ) Yp ( ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ و ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد ﻦﻴﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ و مﺪﻋ ﺶﻨﺗ و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ رد ﺶﻨﺗ ﻢﻳﻼﻣ و ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ، ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ GMP ، MP ، HARM و STI ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ) r2 = 0.97, p ≤ 0.01 .( ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ و ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ Ys و Yp ﻻﺎﺑ و ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ رادﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ هﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ يﺎﺑ تﻼﭘ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا يﺎﻫ قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗ و ﻚﻠﻣ يﺪﻨﻛ رد ﺶﻨﺗ ﻢﻳﻼﻣ و ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ رد ﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . هوﺮﮔ يﺪﻨﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ رددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣوﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑوﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷ نآ،ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧايﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ رد ﻪﺳ هوﺮﮔ ﺴﺣ ﻲﻣراﺮﻗﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑسﺎﺴﺣﻪﻤﻴﻧوﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ،سﺎ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ . هژاو يﺎﻫ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ : ،ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ، ،ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ يﺎﺑ ،تﻼﭘ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ يا ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ آ ب ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ هﺪﻨﻨﻛدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﺪﺷر و ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻋارز ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و زا ﺎﺠﻧآ ﻪﻛ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻋ زا ﻲﺿارا ناﺮﻳا رد ﻲﺣاﻮﻧ ﻚﺸﺧ و ﻪﻤﺒﻧ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻊﻗاو هﺪﺷ ،ﺪﻧا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ رد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻋارز زا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا هﮋﻳو رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا . ﻚﻳ هار ﻞﺣ ﻲﺳﺎﺳا ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ زا ﺮﻫ هﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻋارز ﺖﺳا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣيارادﻪﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﻣتﺎﻔﺻزايا
و دﺎﻳزثارﻮﺗﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗﺎﺑ و هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﻢﻛ ﻲﺑآ ردﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺋارا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ لﻮﺒﻗ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . رد ﻦﻳا ترﻮﺻ ﻲﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ار رد ﻲﺣاﻮﻧ ﻚﺸﺧ و ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ دﻮﻤﻧ . ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻜﻳ زا تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ يا هدﻮﺑ ﻪﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ بآ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ رد نآ ﻻﺎﺑ ا ﺖﺳ و نﺎﻣز ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ و فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ بآ يرﺎﻴﺑآ رد نآ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ -دﻮﺷ . ناﺰﻴﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻲﻤﻧ ،دﻮﺷ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ و ،بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﻛاو مﺎﻗرا ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﺑﻮﻃر ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺳر ﻲﻣﺎﻗرا ﻪﻛ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ و يرﺎﻴﺑآ ،دوﺪﺤﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ توﺎﻔﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻢﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ياراد ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ) Abdemishani and Jafarishabestar, 1988 .( نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
Fiseher and Maurer, 1978
.( ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺎﻫ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ و رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ عوﺮﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ تﺎﻔﺻ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ حﻼﺻا رد ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺖﺳا ) Ehdaie, 1993 .( يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺶﻨﻛاو ﻲﻨﻌﻳﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نآ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﺰﻴﻧ و يدﺮﻓ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺷ
)
Farshadfar, 2000
.( بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﻲﻋارز نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺐﻠﻏا رد
دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷﺖﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗوﻪﻧادهﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ دﻮﺷ
.
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد نﺎﺷدﻮﻤﻧ هﺪﺷ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺎﻳ ﺪﺟاو يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا .
Rosielle and Hamblin (1981)
ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ
1
)
TOL
( رد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﻴﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ار
ﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷ )
Ys
( ﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑو )
Yp
( هﺮﻬﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷو يرو
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
2
)
MP
( دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ار
Ys
و
Yp
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ :
TOL= Yp- Ys, [1]
MP= (Yp + Ys) / 2 [2]
ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
3
)
SSI
( ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Fiseher
and Maurer (1978)
ﺪﺷنﺎﻴﺑﻞﻳذﻂﺑاورﻖﺒﻃﺮﺑ :
SSI= 1-(Ys /Yp) / SI [3] SI = 1-[Ῡs / Ῡp] [4]
قﻮﻓ ﻂﺑاوررد
SSI
و
SI
ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻣﻲﺘﺨﺳو )
ﺶﻨﺗتﺪﺷ (
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ
Ys
و
Yp
ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ يﺎﻫ
Yp
σ2
و
σ2 Ys
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
TOL
و
MP
ﺖﺳا )
Rosielle and
Hamblin, 1981
.( ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺮﺜﻛا ﺖﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
Ys
و
Yp
ﺎﺗ ﺮﻔﺻ 5 / 0 ﺴﻧ و ﺖﺒ
ﺖﺳاﻚﻳزاﺮﺘﻤﻛﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژﺲﻧﺎﻳراو )
1
2
Yp]< σ /
2
Ys σ [ .(
رد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻔﺻ ياﺮﺑﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻚﻳ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔرد ور ﻦﻳا زا نوﺪﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ،ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻪﺑ
ﻋ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﺮﮕﻳد ترﺎﺒ رد ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد هﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ردو ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻲﻳارﺎﻛﻂﻳاﺮﺷنﺎﻤﻫ رد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻔﻴﻌﺿ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ياراد ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ .
Fernandez
(1992)
ﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﺺﺧﺎﺷ
4
)
STI
( لﻮﻣﺮﻓﻖﺒﻃﺮﺑار
دﺮﻛدﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘﻞﻳذ :
STI= [Yp/ Ῡp][Ys/ Ῡs][ Ῡs / Ῡp] = (Yp)(Ys) / (Ῡp)2
[5]
1- Tolerance Index
2- Mean Productivity 3- Stress Susceptibility Index 4- Stress Tolerance Index ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﺶﻨﻛاوسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
ﺎﻳﺶﻨﺗﺎﺑﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻪﺑﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ ناﻮﺗ
4 دﺮﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺘﺳد
)
Fernandez, 1992
.( هوﺮﮔ
A
: ود ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻗرا
ﺪﻧرادﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺮﻜﻤﻋ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ .
هوﺮﮔ
B
: رد ﻂﻘﻓﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻗرا
ﺪﻧرادﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑﻂﻳاﺮﺷ .
هوﺮﮔ
C
: ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ
-ﻳﺎﻫ ﺪﻧراد ﻲﺑﻮﺧدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻪﻛ ﻲ ،
هوﺮﮔو
D
:
ﺪﻧراد ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ود ﺮﻫ رد ﻲﻨﻴﺋﺎﭘدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻗرا .
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ
هوﺮﮔ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑردﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳانآ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔرﺎﻴﻌﻣ
A
ﻪﺳزا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﮕﻳدهوﺮﮔ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
MP
ﻞﻤﻋدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘندﺮﺑﻻﺎﺑﺖﻬﺟرد
نﺎﻴﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋيﺎﻫﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﺮﺜﻛاردوهدﺮﻛ
MP
و
Ys
ﺖﺒﺜﻣﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺳا
)
Rosielle and Hamblin, 1981
.(
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
MP
دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ
ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﻲﻟو هﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ هوﺮﮔيﺎﻫ
A
هوﺮﮔ زا
B
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ . ﻪﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا
فﻼﺘﺧا ترﻮﺻ رد ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻞﻴﻟد ﻦﻴﺑ دﺎﻳز ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ
Ys
و
Yp
ﺐﻳرا ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ نآ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ﺖﺳا . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
Ghagar Sepanlo et al. (2000)
ﺮﺑ
و رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ نﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ و ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ مﺪﻨﮔ يور ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ و هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ .
يﻻﺎﺑراﺪﻘﻣ
TOL
و هدﻮﺑﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژبﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻢﻛ
TOL
يﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣو
MP
ﺖﺳا . سﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ
TOL
ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘﺶﻫﺎﻛﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣ
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ردﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ دﻮﺷ . نﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
TOL
و
Yp
ﺐﻠﻏا رد
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻟو ﻲﻔﻨﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻫ
TOL
و
Ys
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﺖﺳا )
Rosielle and Hamblin, 1981
.( ﻞﻴﻟد ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ رﻮﻛﺬﻣ رد هوﺮﮔﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ
A
زا
C
ﺖﺳاﻖﻓﻮﻣﺎﻧ .
ﺎﻣا
هوﺮﮔ مﺎﻗرا ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ود ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ
B
و
C
زا
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ يﺪﻨﺑ
Fernandez (1992)
دﻮﺟو
دراد . ﺺﺧﺎﺷيدﺪﻋراﺪﻘﻣﻪﭼﺮﻫ
SSI
ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﺘﻜﭼﻮﻛ
ﺖﺳاﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗزا .
ﻦﻴﺑﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
TOL
و
SSI
دراد دﻮﺟو )
Fernandez,1992
.( ﺰﻴﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
TOL
هوﺮﮔ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ
A
و
C
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻢﻫ زا .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
STI
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺲﻜﻋﺮﺑ
SSI
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻫ .
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﺮﻳز لﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺪﻨﻛ
توﺎﻔﺘﻣرﺎﻴﺴﺑ
Ys
و
Yp
دراددﻮﺟو :
GMP= √(Ys ×Yp) [6] STI
و
TOL
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣﻚﻳ رد،ﻪﺒﺗر ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﻫو ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
STI
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ ،
ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ و ﺶﻨﺗ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ رد
STI
ﺶﻨﺗ تﺪﺷ هدﻮﺑ ﻞﻴﺧد
ﻲﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ دور
هوﺮﮔﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗردرﻮﻛﺬﻣ
A
هوﺮﮔزا
B
وﺮﮔو ه
C
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻖﻓﻮﻣ .
ﻚﻴﻧﻮﻣرﺎﻫﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
1
)
Harm
( ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Rosielle and Hamblin (1981)
ﺪﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ .
راﺪﻘﻣ
نﺎﺸﻧﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا يﻻﺎﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ هﺪﻨﻫد
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺖﺳاﺶﻨﺗﺮﺑاﺮﺑردﺎﻫ .
HARM= 2(Yp x Ys) / (Yp + Ys) [7]
لﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ رد ،ﺎﻫ
Yp
ﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺮﻫ هﻮﻘﻟ
،ﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣ
Ys
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻂﻴﺤﻣردﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﺮﻫهﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ
و ،ﺶﻨﺗ
Ῡp
و
Ῡs
ﻪﻴﻠﻛ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﺶﻨﺗوﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣودردﺎﻫ .
Esfandiary et al. (2008)
( ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
-يﺎﻫ
MP
،
GMP
،
SSI
و
HARM
،
TOL
و
DTI
، ﭻﻨﭘ
ﻟﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ار ﻪ
يﺪﻨﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣرﺎﻴﺴﺑعﻮﻨﺗﺪﻧدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔوهدﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﻦﻴﺑرديراد
-ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﺛا و ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﺎﻫ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺪﺻردﻚﻳيرﺎﻣآ دﻮﺑراد
.
Sadeghzadeh Ahari et
al.(2009)
هدﻮﺗﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﻲﺳرﺮﺑرد ،ﻪﻠﻴﻠﺒﻨﺷيﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻞﻤﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ
GMP
،
STI
و
MP
ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑوﺖﺒﺜﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
ﺪﻧرادﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻚﺸﺧهدﺎﻣوﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑ .
Baheri et al. (2003)
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ هرﺎﻬﺑ ﻮﺟ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺪﻨﭼ رد ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد ي ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻦﻴﺑ
STI
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
HARM
،
MP
و
GMP
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد .
Shafazadeh et al. (2004)
ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑرﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ رد ﻞﺼﻓ ﺮﺧآ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ مﺪﻨﮔ ﺶﺨﺑﺪﻴﻣا يﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻨﻴﺑ و ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣز و ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺒﺗرﻪﻛﺪﻧدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژيﺪﻨﺑ
ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
MP
( ﻣ ، ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ )
GMP
( و ،
ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ )
TOL
( ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا و دﻮﺑ نﺎﺴﻜﻳ
1- Harmonic Mean
ﻲﻨﻌﻣوﺖﺒﺜﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻦﻳاﻦﻴﺑيراد
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﺎﻫ
دﻮﺟو ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ و ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ود ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻧاد ﺖﺷاد .
Ahmadzadeh (1997)
زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑدﻮﺧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ رد
يﺎﺑ شور تﻼﭘ
2
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
STI
،
SSI
،
TOL
،
MP
و
GMP
هوﺮﮔﻪﺳردﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑوﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردار
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ،سرﺮﻳدﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳر دﺮﻛﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣترذسردوزوسر
.
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ود ﻪﻛدﻮﺑ نآ زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
SSI
و
TOL
رد
ﻦﻳﻻ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ود و ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
MP
و
GMP
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑﻻﺎﺑﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد
ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺮﺗﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧا .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاﻞﻤﺤﺗﻲﺑﺎﻳزرافﺪﻫﺎﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا ﻪﺑﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳيﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻞﻤﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاﻞﻤﺤﺗ و ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣناﺰﻴﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ
نآ زا ناﻮﺘﺑ ، رد ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣمﺎﻗراﻪﻴﻬﺗوﻲﺣﻼﺻايﺎﻫ
دﻮﻤﻧ .
شوروداﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺧﺮﺑيورﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ
زا ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا يﺮﻴﺳدﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ
) Medicago sativa (
،
رﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻧ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﻛ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد ﻲﻃ رد يﻮﺿر نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ لﺎﺳ
ﻲﻋارز يﺎﻫ 88
-1387 مﺎﺠﻧا
ﺪﺷ . ﺎﻳردﺢﻄﺳزاﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻞﺤﻣعﺎﻔﺗرا 1320
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ،ﺮﺘﻣ
نآﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎﺳشرﺎﺑ 223
ردوﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ 58
وﻪﺟرد 46 ﻪﻘﻴﻗد
و ﻲﻗﺮﺷ لﻮﻃ 36
و ﻪﺟرد 14 ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ضﺮﻋ ﻪﻘﻴﻗد ﻊﻗاو
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣبآ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﻳاﺪﻫﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ
(EC)
64 / 0 ﻲﺳد ﺴﻧ ،ﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺲﻴﻨﻤﻳز ﻢﻳﺪﺳ بﺬﺟ ﺖﺒ
)
SAR
(
ﺎﺑﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 1 / 2 و
pH
نآ 9 / 7 ،ﻢﻳﺪﺳناﺰﻴﻣ، ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛو ﻢﻳﺰﻴﻨﻣ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ نآ 9
/ 2 ، 0 / 2 و 6 / 1 تﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ ناﺰﻴﻣ و ،
و ﺮﻠﻛ
ﻲﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑنآ تﺎﻨﺑﺮﻛ 5
/ 1 ، 8 / 1 و 2 / 3 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻲﻛا ردنﻻاو
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ سﻼﻛ رديرﺎﻴﺑآياﺮﺑيﺪﻨﺑ
C2S1
راﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ دﺮﻴﮔ .
11 ﺗﻮﻛا ﺸﻛ يﺮﻴﺳدﺮﺳ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﭗﻴ زا ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا رﻮ
ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧتﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ
،ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ،ﻲﻧاﺪﻤﻫ،يﺪﻨﻛﻚﻠﻣ،نﺎﻴﻗﺪﺻ،قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗ،ﻮﻟزﻮﻗهﺮﻗ تﺮﻛ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ ،ناﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ و ﻲﻧﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﮔ رد هﺪﺷ دﺮﺧ يﺎﻫ
كﻮﻠﺑحﺮﻃﺐﻟﺎﻗ راﺮﻜﺗﻪﺳﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻞﻣﺎﻛيﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﺮﻈﻧزا
رود ﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺎﻬﻧآﻚﺸﺧهدﺎﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑيرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑﺢﻄﺳﻪﺳرديرﺎﻴﺑآرودﻞﻣﺎﺷﻲﻠﺻارﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ
) ﺖﺑﺎﺛيرﺎﻴﺑآرود 7
زور ( ﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨﺗ، )
يرﺎﻴﺑآﺖﺑﺎﺛرود 10
زور ( ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ و )
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يرﺎﻴﺑآ رود 14
زور ( رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ و
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﺎﻫ
. ﺎﺑﺮﺑاﺮﺑﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣبآناﺰﻴﻣ 10
ﻴﻟ ﺮﺑﺮﺘ
رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫرد يرﺎﻴﺑآ نﺎﻣزتﺪﻣ و ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ 8
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ) عﺎﺒﺷا ﺎﺗ
دوﺪﺣﻖﻤﻋ ردﻪﺸﻳر ذﻮﻔﻧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ كﺎﺧنﺪﺷ 60
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
-ﺮﺘﻣ ( دﻮﺑ . ﺎﺑﺮﺑاﺮﺑتﺮﻛﺮﻫدﺎﻌﺑا 10
ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ ) ﻒﻳدررﺎﻬﭼ 5
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﺎﺑيﺮﺘﻣ 50
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ روﺎﺠﻣﻒﻳدرودﻦﻴﺑﺮﺘﻣ (
ودودﻮﺑ
ﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺳرﺮﺑياﺮﺑتﺮﻛﺮﻫﻂﺳوﻂﺧ راﺮﻗهدﺎ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . يﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣرﺬﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ 25
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ردمﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ
ﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ .
سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ
ﺎﺑﺮﺑاﺮﺑيدﻮﻛﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗوكﺎﺧﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ 100
،هروامﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ 200
ومﻮﻴﻧﻮﻣآتﺎﻔﺴﻓمﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ 50
ردﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘتﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳمﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ .
ﻒﻠﻋ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﺳ زا زﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ
ﺶﻛ
راﺪﻘﻣﻪﺑ لﺎﺘﻛاد 10
ردو ﺖﺸﻛزاﻞﺒﻗرﺎﺘﻜﻫ ردمﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﺳد ﻦﻴﺟو زا هﺎﻴﮔ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا زا ﺲﭘ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ .
ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﻜﻳ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺎﺑ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا لﺎﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ لوا لﺎﺳ زايرﺎﻴﺑآﺶﻨﺗيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ وﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﺷلﺎﻤﻋامودلﺎﺳ .
رﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑمودلﺎﺳرد تاﺮﺛاﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺖﺷاددﺎﻳ ،هرﺎﻬﺑ تﻻوﺰﻧ يرادﺮﺑ
و نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻞﺼﻓياﺪﺘﺑا زا ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﻟاﻮﺘﻣﺖﺷادﺮﺑﻪﺳياﺮﺑ .
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣﻪﺳرد ﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷزا ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣوﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ )
لﻮﻣﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ 1
ﺎﺗ 7 ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
ﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪ
ﻲﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷياﺮﺑ ﻂﺑاورﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑوﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺎﻫ يﺎﺑرادﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣيﺎﻫ
تﻼﭘ ياﺮﺑ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
)
Gabriel, 1971
.( ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ياﺮﺑ ياراد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻈﻧزاﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳﺎﺑﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ درﻮﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗزاﺪﻧدﻮﺑﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳايا
.
هداد ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ و مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫراﺰﻓا
SAS
،
STATGRAPH
،
JMP
و
EXCEL
ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ و و ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ
ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺚﺤﺑوﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
) يﺎﻫ ( ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻲﻤﻛ
ﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ د
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ،ﻲﺑآﺶﻨﺗوبﻮﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻴﺑآﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد ﻚﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا درﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﻳدﺮﮔبﺎﺨﺘﻧا )
لواﺪﺟ 1 و 2 .( ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﻲﻠﻛرﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻻﺎﺑوﺖﺒﺜﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫيارادبﻮﻠﻄﻣوﺶﻨﺗﻂﻴﺤﻣردﻪﻛ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣﺎﻫ
-ﺷ ﺪﻧﻮ ، ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳااﺮﻳز ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژندﺮﻛاﺪﺟ ﻪﺑردﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ود ﺮﻫ رد ﻻﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
)
Fernandez,
1992
.( ﻲﻨﻌﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ راد
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺑﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد ﻚﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ
MP
،
GMP
،
STI
و
HARM
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا، ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻤﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ و ﻢﻳﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ رد ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا )
لواﺪﺟ 1 و 2 .( ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ يا
Golestani and Pakniyat (2007)
ﻦﻳﻻ يور ﺪﺠﻨﻛيﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يﺎﻫ
MP
،
GMP
،
HARM
و
STI
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﻫ .
Fernandez (1992)
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ود
MP
و
STI
ياﺮﺑ ار
ا ﻦﻳﻻبﺎﺨﺘﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﺎﻴﺑﻮﻟردﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣيﺎﻫ
.
ﺪﻳﺪﺷ و ﻢﻳﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺮﻛذ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ،
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
STI
ﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑﻂﻘﻓ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ دﻮﺑ راد . ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ )
TOL
( ﺶﻨﺗ رد
ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺳ رديراد
ﺖﺷاد ﺪﺻرد ﻚﻳلﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
TOL
ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣمﺎﻗراندﺮﻛلﺎﺑﺮﻏياﺮﺑﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﻲﻣبﻮﻠﻄﻣ،يرﺎﻴﺑآﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
هﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﻪﺑ
Fernandez (1992)
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
TOL
و
SSI
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺎﺑو ﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ردﻢﻛدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رددﺎﻳز دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑو ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻦﻴﻤﻫ
ﻞﻴﻟد
Ramirez and Kelly (1998)
يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻦﻳا ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﻟ رد ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ زا ﺎﻫ
. هﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ
ﻢﻛراﺪﻘﻣزاﻪﭼﺮﮔا
TOL
ﻲﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا سﺎﺳاناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑناﻮﺗ
دﺮﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا بآ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣياﺮﺑ مﺎﻗرا ،
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺎﻣا
ردﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻢﻛﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ و ﻢﻛدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﺎﻗرابﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻲﻣا
-ﺖﺷادرﺎﻈﺘﻧاناﻮﺗ .
لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟودﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
) Ys ( ﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑو )
Yp ( يرﺎﻴﺑآرﺎﻤﻴﺗ
7 ) ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ( و 10 زور ) ﻢﻳﻼﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ (
Table 1. Paired correlation coefficients between drought indices and forage dry matter yield under non-stress (Yp) and stress (Ys) conditions, with irrigation intervals of 7 (control) and 10 days (moderate stress).
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ Stress indices ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
Stress indices Yp Ys SSI ToL MP GMP HARM
0.50ns Ys
-0.67* 0.31ns
SSI
0.98** -0.52ns
0.48ns TOL
-0.05ns -0.23ns
0.88** 0.85**
MP
1.00** -0.05ns
-0.23ns 0.88**
0.85** GMP
1.00** 1.00**
-0.09ns -0.27ns
0.89** 0.83**
HARM
0.97** 0.97**
0.97** 0.05ns
-0.12ns 0.80**
0.88** STI
ns ، * و ** : ﻲﻨﻌﻣويرادﻲﻨﻌﻣمﺪﻋ د
ﺪﺻردﻚﻳوﭻﻨﭘيرﺎﻣآﺢﻄﺳردرا .
ns, * and ** means non-significant, and significant at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
Yp: yield in normal condition; Ys: yield in stress condition; SSI: Stress Susceptibility Index; TOL: Tolerance; MP: mean productivity; GMP: Geometric Mean Productivity; HARM: Harmonic Mean, and STI: Stress Tolerance Index
لوﺪﺟ 2 . ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ردﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟود ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ )
Ys ( ﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑ و )
Yp (
يرﺎﻴﺑآرﺎﻤﻴﺗ 7
) ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ( و 14 زور ) ﺪﻳﺪﺷﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ (
Table 1: Paired correlation coefficients between drought indices and forage dry matter yield under non-stress (Yp) and stress(ys) condition, with irrigation intervals of 7 (control) and 14 days(severe stress)
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ Stress indices
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
Stress indices Yp Ys SSI ToL MP GMP HARM
0.25 ns
Ys
-0.63 * 0.59 ns
SSI
0.97 ** -0.46 ns
0.74 ** TOL
0.28 ns 0.08 ns
0.72 * 0.85 **
MP
0.99 ** 0.18 ns
-0.02 ns 0.79 **
0.79 ** GMP
0.99 ** 0.98 **
0.07 ns
-0.12 ns
0.85 ** 0.72 *
HARM
0.98 ** 0.99 **
0.98 ** 0.19 ns
-0.01ns 0.77 **
0.79 ** STI
ns ، * و ** : ﻲﻨﻌﻣويرادﻲﻨﻌﻣمﺪﻋ ﺪﺻردﻚﻳوﭻﻨﭘيرﺎﻣآﺢﻄﺳردراد
.
ns, * and ** means non-significant and significant at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ندﻮﻤﻧ لﺎﺑﺮﻏ رد ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد د ﻲﻣ و دﻮﺷ
ناﻮﺗ
نآ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ياﺮﺑ ماﻮﺗ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻫ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ
دﻮﻤﻧﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷودﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ .
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺖﻳاﺪﻫﻊﻗاورد يﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳاﻲﻫاﺮﻤﻫو ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ودرددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺪﻳﺎﺑﻲﺣﻼﺻا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ . ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺮﮕﻳد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳا سﺎﺳا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ زا ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑيﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ،
ودﺮﻫردﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣياراد
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﺰﻴﻧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ MP ، GMP ، STI و HARM
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادار
ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻲﻣﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
.
ﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﻢﻳ
هدزﺎﻳ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
لوﺪﺟ رد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ 3
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ .
ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ نﺎﻤﻫ
ﻲﻣﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ دﻮﺷ
، ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻚﻠﻣ،قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗيﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓويﺪﻨﻛ
ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا MP ، GMP ، HARM و STI
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ
-ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ .
زا نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا لﻮﺼﺣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷرددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ ،
ا ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻪﺳﻦﻴﺑز ﻚﻠﻣ و قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ود لوا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا
ﻪﻛ يﺪﻨﻛ
ﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ )
Ys
(
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﺪﻨﺘﺷادار ﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣيﺎﻫ
.
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ هدزﺎﻳ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳﺪﺷ لوﺪﺟ رد 4 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ MP ، GMP ، STI و HARM ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ، 9 ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ
-ﺪﺷﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺪﻳﺪﺷﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳﺮﺗ . لوﺪﺟ 3 . ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋياﺮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
رد يرﺎﻴﺑآرود 7 ) ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ( و 10 زور ) ﻢﻳﻼﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ (
Table 3. Values of drought tolerance indices for dry matter yieldin irrigation intervals of 7 (control) and 10 days (moderate stress).
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ Stress indices Ys Yp§ Ecotypes ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﺎﻫ STI HARM GMP MP TOL SSI (ton ha-1)
0.8 9.0 9.0 9.1 -0.1 -0.1 9.1 9 Gahavand ﺪﻧوﺎﻬﻗ 0.9 9.3 9.3 9.4 1.5 1.0 8.6 10.1 Ardobad را دﺎﺑود 0.7 8.0 8.0 8.1 1.7 1.3 7.2 8.9 Chalashter ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ 0.8 8.9 8.9 9.0 1.1 0.8 8.4 9.5 Ghareh- ghozlo ﻮﻟزﻮﻗهﺮﻗ 1.1 10.1 10.2 10.2 1.8 1.1 9.3 11.1 Ghargolog قﻮﻟﻮﻗرﺎﻗ 0.7 8.0 8.0 8.1 2.2 1.6 7 9.2 Sedghyan نﺎﻴﻗﺪﺻ 1.0 9.7 9.7 9.8 0.5 0.3 9.5 10 Malekkandi يﺪﻨﻛﻚﻠﻣ 0.9 9.5 9.5 9.6 1.5 1.0 8.8 10.3 hamadani ﻲﻧاﺪﻤﻫ 1.0 9.6 9.7 9.8 3.0 1.8 8.3 11.3 Famaneain ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ 0.9 9.1 9.1 9.1 0.8 0.6 8.7 9.5 Gelehbani ﻲﻧﺎﺑﻪﻠﮔ 0.7 8.2 8.2 8.3 1.7 1.3 7.4 9.1 Mohajeran ناﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ §
Yp: yield in normal condition; Ys: yield in stress condition
لوﺪﺟ 4 : ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋياﺮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﻚﺸﺧ ) يرﺎﻴﺑآرود 7 ) ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ( و 14 زور ) ﺪﻳﺪﺷﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗ (
Table 4: Values of drought tolerance indices for dry matter, irrigation intervals 7(control) and 14 days (severe stress). ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ Stress indices Ys Yp§ Ecotypes ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﺎﻫ STI HARM GMP MP TOL SSI (ton ha-1)
1.2 9.9 9.9 10.0 2.0 0.9 9 11 Gahavand ﺪﻧوﺎﻬﻗ 1.4 10.3 10.4 10.5 3.0 1.2 9 12 Ardobad دﺎﺑودرا 1.0 8.9 8.9 9.0 2.0 1.0 8 10 Chalashter ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ 1.0 8.9 8.9 9.0 2.0 1.0 8 10 Ghareh- ghozlo ﻮﻟزﻮﻗهﺮﻗ 1.4 10.5 10.5 10.5 1.0 0.4 10 11 Ghargolog قﻮﻟﻮﻗرﺎﻗ 1.3 9.9 10.2 10.5 5.0 1.8 8 13 Sedghyan نﺎﻴﻗﺪﺻ 1.4 10.5 10.5 10.5 1.0 0.4 10 11 Malekkandi يﺪﻨﻛﻚﻠﻣ 1.4 10.3 10.4 10.5 3.0 1.2 9 12 hamadani ﻲﻧاﺪﻤﻫ 1.6 11.3 11.4 11.5 3.0 1.1 10 13 Famaneain ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ 1.1 9.3 9.4 9.5 3.0 1.3 8 11 Gelehbani ﻲﻧﺎﺑﻪﻠﮔ 1.1 9.5 9.5 9.5 1.0 0.5 9 10 Mohajeran ناﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ §
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻦﻴﺑﻂﺑاور نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺖﻬﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺎﻫ
-ﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﻲﻤﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲ
، مﻮﺳﻮﻣ هﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼرادﻮﻤﻧ زا
يﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا تﻼﭘ .
ﻒﻳدر ﻪﻛ ﻲﺴﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣ نآ يﺎﻫ
نﻮﺘﺳ و ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژهدزﺎﻳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ نآ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣﻪﺑﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ،دﻮﺑهﺪﺷ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻲﻠﺻايﺎﻫ
. ﻪﺑﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژياﺮﺑﻲﻠﺻايﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﻈﻧزاﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳيﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ
ﺟردﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ لواﺪ
5 و 6 هدروآﻪﺻﻼﺧرﻮﻃﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ .
هداد ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ
هداد ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ نﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ود ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 23 / 99 و 89 / 99 و ﻢﻳﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ ود رد
ﺪﻳﺪﺷ .( ﻢﺸﭼ و ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ود ﻦﻳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﻲﺷﻮﭘ
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺳدزاﺐﺟﻮﻣﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﺎﻫ زايﺰﻴﭼﺎﻧرﺎﻴﺴﺑﺶﺨﺑﻦﺘﻓرﺖ
مودو لواﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣود سﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗو هﺪﺷتاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻣ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ياراد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
يﺎﺑ يﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ترﻮﺻ مود و لوا ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ود سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ تﻼﭘ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . يﺎﺑيﺎﻀﻓرد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژتﻼﭘ
هوﺮﮔردﺎﻫ ﻫ
ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣيﺎ
ﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺎﺑﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﻪﺑﺎﻬﻧآﻞﻤﺤﺗ و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴ
ﺖﺳابآدﻮﺒﻤﻛ .
هداد لواﺪﺟيﺎﻫ 5
و 6 ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛﺪﻫد
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ود ﺮﻫ رد تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﻛ زا ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد لوا ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻲﻣﻞﻣﺎﺷارﺪﻳﺪﺷوﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨﺗ
دﻮﺷ . ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻳارد
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ودﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧو ﺖﺒﺜﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫلوا
-يﺎﻫ
MP
،
GMP
،
STI
و
HARM
ﺖﺷاد ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ اﺬﻟ ،
ﺪﺷ يراﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ و هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ .
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﻳا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ
. ﻦﻳا
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ،ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣوﻻﺎﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘياراديﺎﻫ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژزاارﻲﻜﺸﺧ سﺎﺴﺣوﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ اﺪﺟ ﺪﻨﻛ . ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺑ هﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﻳا سﺎﺳاﺮ
ياراد
SSI
و
TOL
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ .
ﻪﻛ ار مود ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ
ﺎﺑﻲﻔﻨﻣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
Ys
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ وﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫو ﺎﺑيراد
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ
TOL
و
SSI
و ﻢﻳﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ودﺮﻫ رد
يراﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺪﺷ . بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣﻦﻳاراﺪﻘﻣﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺖﺳاﺮﺗ
. ﻦﻳا
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ
رد ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳ
يﻻﺎﺑﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣوﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
TOL
و
SSI
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ،مودولواﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣودﻪﺑ وﺮﮔردﺎﻫ
ه راﺮﻗﺺﺨﺸﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ و ﻚﺸﺧ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺳاﺎﻬﻧآﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ .
لوﺪﺟ 5 . ﺎﻘﻣوﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷياﺮﺑهﮋﻳوﺮﻳد
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاردهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣيﺎﻫ ﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨﺗﺖﺤﺗﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳيﺎﻫ
) يرﺎﻴﺑآﻞﺻاﻮﻓ 7
و 10 زور (
Table 5. Vectors and Eigen values of used indices for alfalfa ecotypes in moderate stress (7 and 10 days Irrigation intervals).
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ Stress indices
او ﺲﻧﺎﻳر ﻲﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو راﺪﻘﻣ
هﮋﻳو ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ
STI HARM GMP
MP TOL SSI Ys
Yp Cumulative
variance Variance
% Eigen
value component
0.422 0.423 0.422
0.42 -0.068 -0.139 0.392 0.334 69.719 69.719 5.58 1
0.058 0.026 0.052
0.081 -0.635 0.607 -0.245 0.395 99.227 30.208 2.42 2
لوﺪﺟ 6 : ﺪﻳﺪﺷﺶﻨﺗﺖﺤﺗﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳيﺎﻫﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاردهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣيﺎﻫﺺﺧﺎﺷياﺮﺑهﮋﻳوﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣوﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ )
يرﺎﻴﺑآﻞﺻاﻮﻓ 7
و 14 زور (
Table 6. Vectors and Eigen values of used indices for alfalfa ecotypes in severe stress (7 and 14 days Irrigation intervals).
ﺧﺎﺷ ﺺ ﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ Stress indices
ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻲﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو راﺪﻘﻣ
هﮋﻳو ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ
STI HARM GMP
MP TOL SSI Ys Yp Cumulative
variance Variance
% Eigen
value component
0.434 0.428
0.434 0.435 0.114 0.046 0.320 0.365 65.903
65.903 5.28 1
-0.0498 -0.1101
-0.0479 0.0146
0585 0.602 -0.41 0.329 99.893
33.989 2.72 2
تﻼﭘ يﺎﺑرادﻮﻤﻧ )
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 ( ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ردﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻢﻳﻼﻣ ﻚﻠﻣ و قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ
تروﺎﺠﻣ رد يﺪﻨﻛ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺎﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣيﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻳﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﻢﻬﻣيﺎﻫ
MP
،
GMP
،
HARM
و
STI
ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ . ﻚﻠﻣ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ
-ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣرد يﺪﻨﻛ ﻫ
ردﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﻢﻬﻣيﺎ
تروﺎﺠﻣ
Ys
ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻳا و دراد راﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد
ردنآيﻻﺎﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳاردﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﺖﺳاﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷ .
ردقﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻪﻛﻲﻟﺎﺣرد
يﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ
Yp
و
Ys
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳاﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ و درادراﺮﻗ
ﻠﻋﻪﺑﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳاردﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ نآ يﻻﺎﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖ
ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑوﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷودﺮﻫرد .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ يﺎﻫ
،ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ناﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ تروﺎﺠﻣ رد نﺎﻴﻗﺪﺻ و طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑوﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧراﺮﻗﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﻢﻬﻣيﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ
TOL
و
SSI
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ .
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳا ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑسﺎﺴﺣﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ژ ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻢﻬﻣيﺎﻫ
-ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ زا ﺖﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ سﺎﺴﺣ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ،
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻟو يﺎﻫ
SSI
و
TOL
ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳاياﺮﺑﻻﺎﺑ زاﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ .
ﻦﻳا ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا
رد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ رادﺮﺑ تروﺎﺠﻣ
Yp
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ دراد راﺮﻗ ﻦﻳا
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻣﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣردنآيﻻﺎﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 . يﺎﺑﻲﻜﻴﻓاﺮﮔﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ تﻼﭘ
11 ردﻲﻠﺻاﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣﻦﻴﻣودوﻦﻴﻟواسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﺺﺧﺎﺷﺖﺸﻫردﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا
ﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨﺗ )
145 / 0 SI= .(
Fig. 1. Graphical biplot display for 11 alfalfa ecotypes in 8 drought tolerance indices on the basis of first and second components in moderate stress (SI= 0.145).
يﺎﺑ رادﻮﻤﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ رد تﻼﭘ
) ﻞﻜﺷ 2 (
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻚﻠﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﻗ و يﺪﻨﻛ قﻮﻠﻗر
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗياراد .
ﻪﻛﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ تروﺎﺠﻣ ردﻼﻣﺎﻛ ردو ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻢﻬﻣيﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫرادﺮﺑﻦﻴﺑ
Yp
و
Ys
ﻞﻤﺤﺗناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ،ﺖﺷاد راﺮﻗ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ
GMP
،
MP
،
STI
و
HARM
ﺶﻨﺗﻂﻴﺤﻣودرددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺰﻴﻧو
ارﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑو دﻮﺑاراد
.
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻚﻠﻣوقﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗيﺎﻫ رادﺮﺑتروﺎﺠﻣرديﺪﻨﻛ
Ys
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷادراﺮﻗ ردﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﻻﺎﺑﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧﻞﻤﺤﺗﺪﻫد
طﻮﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣردﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژودﻦﻳا ﺖﺳاﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣردﻻﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪﺑ .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ و دﺎﺑودرايﺎﻫ
ﺳاﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗزا ﻢﻫﻲﻧاﺪﻤﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷسﺎ
يﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳاﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑو ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻛ
رادﺮﺑتروﺎﺠﻣرد
Yp
ﺪﻧرادراﺮﻗ ، ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ دﻮﻤﻧنﺎﻴﺑناﻮﺗ
ردﺎﻬﻧآيﻻﺎﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺖﻠﻋﻪﺑﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژودﻦﻳاردﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. رد ﻪﻛ نﺎﻴﻗﺪﺻ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ
يﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ تروﺎﺠﻣ
SSI
و
TOL
ﺖﺷاد راﺮﻗ ،
ﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨ
سﺎﺴﺣ ﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳﺮﺗ .
رادﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ
Yp
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد نآ يﻻﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ
ﺖﺳاﺶﻨﺗنوﺪﺑويرﺎﻴﺑآ .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻪﻠﮔ يﺎﻫ هﺮﻗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺑ
ياراد ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ و ﻮﻟزﻮﻟﻮﻗ
ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ هدﻮﺑ
ﺪﻧدادنﺎﺸﻧﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑيدﺎﻳزﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣو
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺴﺣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ س ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
. رد
يﺎﺑ رادﻮﻤﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ود ﺮﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ تﻼﭘ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ نﺎﺸﻳﺎﻫرادﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻳواز سﻮﻨﻴﺴﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ،
ﻪﺑ
يرﻮﻃ ﻪﻛ
-1
= °
r= cos 180
،
cos 90°= 0
و
1
=
cos 0°
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ )
Yan and Rajcan, 2002
.( ﻪﻳواز ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
رادﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺟﺮﻔﻨﻣ نﺎﺸﻧﺎﻫ
ﺷ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار هﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﻳواز ،ﺪﻳﺪ
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻤﺋﺎﻗ نﺎﺸﻧ هدﺎﺣ ﻪﻳواز و ﺮﻔﺻ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ ﻪﻄﺑار هﺪﻨﻫد
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻦﻴﺑﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑارهﺪﻨﻫد ﺖﺳاﺎﻫ
.
وزﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ا
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻦﻴﺑيﺎﻳ ،ﺶﻨﺗﺢﻄﺳودﺮﻫردﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ دﻮﻤﻧ طﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا ناﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ
MP
،
STI
،
HARM
و
GMP
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺑ يراد
ﺪﺑﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد ﻚﺸﺧﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺪﻧرادﺶﻨﺗو ﺶﻨﺗنو
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﻣﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻻﺎﺑﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫدﻮﺟو ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷودﻦﻴﺑ
TOL
و
SSI
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﻳﺎﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
رد
ﺖﺳادﻮﻬﺸﻣتﻼﭘيﺎﺑيﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ..
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 : يﺎﺑﻲﻜﻴﻓاﺮﮔﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ تﻼﭘ
11 ﻲﻠﺻاﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣﻦﻴﻣودوﻦﻴﻟواسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗﺺﺧﺎﺷﺖﺸﻫردﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا رد
ﺪﻳﺪﺷﺶﻨﺗ )
23 / 0 SI= ( .
Fig. 2. Graphical biplot display for 11 alfalfa ecotypes in 8 drought tolerance indices on the basis of first and second components in severe stress (SI= 0.24).
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺎﺑرادﻮﻤﻧوﻲﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ
تﻼﭘ
ژ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﻢﻗر ﺎﻳ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧ
زا يداﺪﻌﺗ
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
Farshadfar et al. (2001)
رد
،دﻮﺨﻧ
Zareaet al. (2004)
،ﺎﻳﻮﺳ رد
Karami et al.
(2006)
،ﻮﺟ رد
Golestani and Pakniyat (2007)
رد
،ﺪﺠﻨﻛ
Fernandez (1992)
وﺎﻴﺑﻮﻟرد
Golabadiet al.
(2006)
راﺮﻗﻪﺟﻮﺗدرﻮﻣمﺪﻨﮔرد ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
.
يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑﺎﻬﭙﻴﺗﻮﻧژ
Yp
،
Ys
،
MP
،
GMP
،
HARM
و
STI
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ شور و يا
Ward
هوﺮﮔ
-ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻢﺳرﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣماﺮﮔوﺪﻧدوﺪﻧﺪﺷيﺪﻨﺑ )
ﻞﻜﺷ يﺎﻫ 3 و 4 . ( ﻪﺷﻮﺧﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗزافﺪﻫ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷيا
ﻪﻛدﻮﺑﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺮﻈﻧزا ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑياراد يﺎ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رﻮﻛﺬﻣ .
ﻢﻳﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد )
ﻞﻜﺷ 3 ( ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ،رﻮﻛﺬﻣيﺎﻫ ردﺎﻫ
3 ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗاﺰﺠﻣهوﺮﮔ .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ راﺮﻗهوﺮﮔﻚﻳردناﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣونﺎﻴﻗﺪﺻ،ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . يارادهوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا
Yp
و
Ys
ﺮﻈﻧ زا و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺋﺎﭘ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻲﻨﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﺪﺣ رد قﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ .
اﺬﻟ ﻦﻳا
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑ سﺎﺴﺣ ﺎﻫ .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ يﺎﻫ ،قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗ
ﻚﻠﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﻚﻳ رد ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧاﺪﻤﻫ و دﺎﺑودرا ،ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ ،يﺪﻨﻛ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗاﺰﺠﻣ .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژنﺎﻴﻣﻦﻳارد وقﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗيﺎﻫ
-ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣيﺪﻨﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﻴﻘﺑزاﺮﺗراﺪﻳﺎﭘ و ﺮﺗ
. ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ هﺮﻗيﺎﻫ
-ﻪﻠﮔ ،ﻮﻟزﻮﻗ راﺮﻗ مﻮﺳ هوﺮﮔ رد ﺪﻧوﺎﻬﻗ و ﻲﻧﺎﺑ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑسﺎﺴﺣﻪﻤﻴﻧيﺎﻫ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﺪﻳﺪﺷﺶﻨﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد ،هﺪﺷدﺎﻳيﺎﻫ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ رد ﺎﻫ 3 ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ اﺰﺠﻣ هوﺮﮔ .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ يﺎﻫ
هﺮﻗ،ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﻠﮔ ،ﺪﻧوﺎﻬﻗ،ﻮﻟزﻮﻗ
ناﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣو ﻲﻧﺎﺑ هوﺮﮔﻚﻳرد
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﻈﻧزاهوﺮﮔﻦﻳا هﺪﺷﺮﻛذيﺎﻫ
ﺪﺣرد
ياراد و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻲﻨﻴﺋﺎﭘ
Yp
و
Ys
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺋﺎﭘ .
ﺲﭘ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﻦﻳا
ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑسﺎﺴﺣﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
. ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ
يارادﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗهوﺮﮔﻚﻳردﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗﻪﺑ
Yp
و
Ys
ﻻﺎﺑ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑو دﻮﺑﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
. ﻦﻳااﺬﻟ
ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺸﺧﺶﻨﺗﻪﺑﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺑ ﺪﺷﺎ . ﺮﻳﺎﺳ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ راﺮﻗ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ رد هﺪﺷدﺎﻳ يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ناﻮﺗ
و قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ
ﻚﻠﻣ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑار يﺪﻨﻛ راﺮﻗﻪﺟﻮﺗدرﻮﻣبﻮﻠﻄﻣيﺎﻫ
داد .
ﻞﻜﺷ 3 . ﻪﺷﻮﺧﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗماﺮﮔوﺪﻧد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاياﺮﺑيا
ﺺﺧﺎﺷيﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳيﺎﻫ ﺗردﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨ ) دراوشور (
Fig. 3. Dendrogram of cluster analysis of alfalfa ecotypes based on different drought indices in moderate stress (Ward method).
ﻞﻜﺷ 4 . ﻪﺷﻮﺧﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗماﺮﮔوﺪﻧد ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاياﺮﺑيا
ﺺﺧﺎﺷيﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳيﺎﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﺷﺶﻨﺗردﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
) دراوشور (
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و سﺎﺴﺣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ
گرود زا ﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ دﺮﻛ هدﺎ .
هوﺮﮔياﺮﺑشورﻦﻳا ﻦﻳﻻيﺪﻨﺑ
ﺤﺘﻣيﺎﻫ ردﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑﻞﻤ
يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ نﺎﻧ مﺪﻨﮔ
TOL
،
MP
و
STI
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Farshadfar (2000)
يﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑو
MP
،
GMP
و
STI
ﻪﻛ
ﻦﻳﻻرد ﻂﺳﻮﺗدﻮﺨﻧيﺎﻫ
Farshadfar et al. (2001)
(
يﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑ و
Yp
،
Ys
،
MP
،
GMP
،
HARM
و
STI
رد
ﻦﻳﻻ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﺠﻨﻛ يﺎﻫ
Golestani and Pakniyat
(2007)
دﻮﺑﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاوﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ .
يﺮﻴﮔﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﻢﻳﻼﻣﺶﻨﺗياﺮﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻖﺒﻃﺮﺑﻲﻠﻛرﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ،ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ و قﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗ
ﻚﻠﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ،يﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻜﺸﺧ
MP
،
GMP
،
STI
و
HARM
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑو
-گرود ياﺮﺑﺎﻫ ﺎﺑﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑياراد ﻪﻛ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﻚﻠﻣوقﻮﻠﻗرﺎﻗﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣيﺎﻫ
ويﺪﻨﻛ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ،ناﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ و نﺎﻴﻗﺪﺻ ،ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ سﺎﺴﺣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷهدادﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ .
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ردﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ،ﻲﻜﺸﺧﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ
-ﺎﻫ
MP
،
GMP
،
STI
و
TOL
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ و ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
گرود ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ياراد ﻪﻛ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛاوﻦﻴﻨﻣﺎﻓﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛا هﺮﻗ،ﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼسﺎﺴﺣيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷهدادﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﻲﻧﺎﺑﻪﻠﮔوﻮﻟزﻮﻟﻮﻗ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
Abdemishani, S., Jafarishabestari, J., 1988. Evaluation of tolerance to drought in wheat varieties. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 19 (1,2), 37-42. [In Persian with English summary].
Ahmadzadeh, A., 1997. Determination of the most appropriate drought resistance index in corn lines. MSc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran. 238p. [In Persian with English summary].
Baheri, S.F., Javanshir, A., Kazemi,H.A., Aharizad, S., 2003. Evaluation of different drought tolerance indices in some spring barley genotypes. J. Agric. Sci. (University of Tabrize), 13(3), 95-105. [In Persian with English summary].
Clark, J.M., Depauw, R.M., Townedy-Smith, T.F., 1992. Evaluation of methods for quantification of drought tolerance in wheat. Crop Sci. 32: 723-728.
Ehdaie, B., 1993. Selection for resistance to drought in wheat. Main Articles of Proceedings of 1th Iranian Crop Sciences Congress. College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran, pp.43-62. [In Persian].
Esfandiary, S., Hasanli, A.M., Safari, H., Farshadfar, M., 2008. Study on drought resistance of five annual medics in Kermanshah province. Iranian J. Range Desert Res. 15(2), 283-294. [In Persian with English summary].
Farshadfar, E., 2000. Selection for drought tolerance in bread wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 14 (2), 161-171. [In Persian with English summary].
Farshadfar, E., Zamani, R., Motlebi, M., Emamjomeh, A., 2001. Selection for drought resistance in chick pea genotypes. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 32(1), 65-77. [In Persian with English summary].
Fiseher, R.A., Maurer, R., 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aus. J. Agric. Res. 29, 897-912.
Gabriel K.A., 1971. The biplot graphical display of matrices with applications to principal component analysis. Biometrika. 58, 453-467.
Ghagar Sepanlo, M., Siyadat, H., Mirlatifi, M., Mirnia, S.Kh., 2000. Effect of cutting of irrigation in different growth stage on yield and water use efficiency and comparison of some drought resistance index in four wheat varieties. Soil Water Sci. 12(10), 64-75. [In Persian with English summary].
Golabadi, M., Arzani, A., Mirmohammadi Maibodi, S.A.M., 2006. Assessment of drought tolerance in segregating population in durum wheat. J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Natural Res. 1, 162-171.
Golestani, M., Pakniyat, H., 2007. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices in sesame lines. J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Natural Res. 11(41), 141-150. [In Persian with English summary]. Karami, E., Ghannadha, M.R., Naghavi, M.R., Mardi, M., 2006. Identification of drought
resistance genotypes in barley. Iranian J. Agric. 2, 371-379. [In Persian with English summary].
Ramirez Vallejio, P., Kelly, J.D., 1998. Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Euphytica. 99, 127-136.
Rosielle, A.A., Hambelen, J., 1981. Theoretical aspect of selection for yield in stress and non- stress environment. Crop Sci. 21, 943-946.
Sadeghzadeh Ahari, D., Kashi, A.K., Hassandokht, M.R., Amri, A., Alizadeh, K., 2009. Assessment of drought tolerance in Iranian fenugreek landraces. J. Food Agric. Environ. 7 (3&4), 414-419. [In Persian with English summery].
Shafazadeh, M.K., Yazdansepas, A., Amini, A., Gannadha, M.R., 2004. Study of terminal drought tolerance in promising winter wheat and facultative wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using stress susceptibility and tolerance indices. Seed Plant. 20, 57-71. [In Persian with English summery].
Yan, W., Rajcan, I., 2002. Biplot analysis of test sites and trait relations of soybean in Ontario. Crop Sci. 32, 51-57.
Zarea, M., Zeynali Khaneghah, H., Daneshian, J., 2004. Evaluation the drought resistance in some soybean genotypes. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 35(4), 859-867. [In Persian with English summary].
*
Correspondent author: Mahmoud Basafa. Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Neyshabour Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Station. P.O. Box 587. Neyshabour, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. E-Mail: nbasafa@yahoo.com
Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences
(ESCS) Vol. 3(1): 69-81 (2010)
Evaluation of drought tolerance in alfalfa (
Medicago sativa
) ecotypes
using drought tolerance indices
M. Basafa1, M. Taherian2
1 & 2. Faculty members of Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Neyshabour Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Station
Abstract
Risk of weather variability is amongst factors that always affect the cereal production in many areas. In order to determine the freezing tolerance of five barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) cultivars under controlled conditions, a factorial experiment based on CRD carried out with three replications at the crop physiology Laboratory of College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Treatments were barley genotype with five levels, including Makouei, Karun×Kavir, lokht, Reyhan and Valfajr, and temperature in six levels (0, -4, -8, -12, -16 and -20 °C). Plants were kept under natural conditions until 4-6 leaf stage to provide the acclimation period and then were transferred to a thermo-gradient freezer to apply freezing stress. The cell membrane stability of genotypes was measured through electrolyte leakage (EL) and the LT50el (temperature for killing 50% of samples according to the electrolyte leakage) was also determined. Furthermore, survival percentage, plant height, dry weight, LT50su (temperature for killing 50% of samples according to survival) and RDMT50 (reduced dry matter temperature) were determined after three weeks recovery in the glasshouse. Results showed that leakage percentage from leaf and crown after freezing was significantly different (P<0.01) amongst cultivars. The greatest (69.4) and the lowest (58.5) leakage percentage from leaf samples were observed in Valfajr and Karun×Kavir cultivars, respectively. Reyhan cultivar showed the highest (78.9) and Makouei, Karun×Kavir, lokht and Valfajr cultivars showed the lowest leakage percentage from crown samples. Plant height, dry weight and LT50su of cultivars were significantly different after freezing. For instance, the dry weight of plants after three weeks recovery was 978 and 480 mg/plant for Karun×Kavir and Valfajr cultivars, respectively. Most studied traits were significantly reduced under temperatures lower than -12oC compared to the control.
