[PDF] Top 20 Signals of El Niño Modoki in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere

... month) and one time characteristic of El Ni ˜no Modoki processes (durations of 6 ...numbers of events identified over relatively short time intervals may not be representative ... See full document

... Abstract. The effects of El Ni˜no Modoki events on the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and on the stratosphere were investigated using European ... See full document

... upwelling in the tropics (and a consistent cooling) up to the tropopause region, with west- erly wind anomalies ...strengthened tropical up- welling cannot continue further up ... See full document

... globally. The overall objective of the project was to provide the underpinning science that relates variability of the West African Monsoon to issues of health, water ... See full document

... gate the routes and timescales over which air parcels reach the tropical tropopause layer ...assist the planning of aircraft campaigns focussed on improv- ing ... See full document

... seen in Eq. (2). The condensation rate in supersat- urated air is much faster (1 h) than the convective mixing rate (≥ 20 days) in the ...TTL. The insoluble tropospheric ... See full document

... near the tropical tropopause, augmented by CH 4 oxidation are believed to have significant roles in these ...recently in our understanding of how air is ...job of repro- ... See full document

... uncertainty in the QBO contribution to TTL temperature. Another ef- fect of the QBO is the statistically significant cooling trend seen in the tropical middle ... See full document

... changes in the tropics, especially in the tropical tropopause layer, are investigated at the time of a major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event that ... See full document

... Generally, the spatial distribution of low OLR compares well over the tropical con- vective regions of Africa and the Maritime Continent between the observations ... See full document

... is the most prominent greenhouse gas, and therefore is an important contributor to variations and trends in climate, it is necessary to better understand its large ...changes in ... See full document

... performed in SD mode considering a high frequency me- teorological input from a previous CAM-Chem FR climatic ...simulation. In this way, our CAM-Chem setup implies that we force the system to evolve ... See full document

... is the cold point (at an altitude of about 17 km or about 380 K poten- tial temperature): air masses reaching the stratosphere need to be dehydrated to mixing ratios corresponding roughly to ... See full document

... (2012) and Hos- saini et al. (2015) provided evidence for the efficiency of short-lived halogens to influence climate through depletion of lower-stratospheric ozone (for contribution 3) but ... See full document

... encompassing the tropopause. The TTL is of interest not only because of being the interface between two very different dynamical regimes but also because it acts as a gate to ... See full document

... models of air ascent produce air that is much more de- pleted (i.e. follows the Rayleigh curve) than the air observed in the TTL and lower ...from the parcel-based ... See full document

... set of linear restrictions that transforms the unrestricted model (1) on restricted model ...8 In our case, the restriction implies that the age, trend and (orthogonal) time ... See full document

... to the profiles we have studied earlier in ...nucleation, and in all cases T min = 194.71 K occurs during the nucleation ...K and N i = ...for the three parcels. Moreover, ... See full document

... From the analysis, it was found that lands were acquired majorly by inheritance and the resultant effect of this is the fragmentation of land during the acquisition ... See full document

... structure of the remelting zone of the steel C90 steel be- fore conventional tempering consitute cells, dendritic cells, sur- rounded with the cementite, inside of which there is ... See full document