[PDF] Top 20 A model of HDO in the tropical tropopause layer

... near the bottom of the TTL is relatively moist com- pared to the stratosphere, with mixing ratios of ∼10– 20 ppmv ...6 of SD01). As TTL air rises towards the stratosphere, ... See full document

... culation model (GCM) to show that a change in the stratospheric meridional circu- lation modified cumulus heating in the TTL as well as the tropopause ...anomaly in ... See full document

... dehydration model where 100% RHi air at a convective temperature, T conv , following the moist adiabat from the level of neutral buoyancy (set at 160 hPa) is mixed into the ... See full document

... Schoeberl, M. R., Ziemke, J. R., Bojkov, B., Livesey, N., Duncnan, B., Strahan, S., Froidevaux, L., Kulawik, S., Bhartia, P. K., Chan- dra, S., Levelt, P. F., Witte, J. C., Thompson, A. M., Cuevas, E., Redondas, A., ... See full document

... globally. The overall objective of the project was to provide the underpinning science that relates variability of the West African Monsoon to issues of health, water ... See full document

... for the same region and time period than those provided by CALIOP while ...pares the observed and simulated annual mean vertical distribution of aerosol extinc- tions over our region of ... See full document

... about the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of tropical mountain areas whose complex soil-landscape and difficult accessibility pose a chal- lenge to spatial ...analysis. The choice of ... See full document

... one of the most dramatic phenomena in the stratospheric ...atmosphere. The strong planetary-scale waves induce violent meridional cir- culation in the winter hemisphere ... See full document

... to the profiles we have studied earlier in ...and in all cases T min = 194.71 K occurs during the nucleation ...for the three parcels. Moreover, the two drier air parcels ... See full document

... radiances of the mini-DOAS instrument are modeled in spherical 1-D and in selected cases in 3-D, using version ...3.5 of the Monte Carlo RT model McArtim ... See full document

... overview of transport in the tropical tropopause ...region. The level of zero radiative heating at an altitude of about ...marks the transition from large ... See full document

... timeseries of a single con- vective grid-point (not shown), we found that the water vapour mixing ratios in the TTL actually showed an increase after deep convective events (> 14 ... See full document

... listed in Table 6. As expected, they indicate a strong vertical gradient of the VSLS mixing ratios in the TTL (especially for CHBr 3 ), caused by the degradation of ... See full document

... encompassing the tropopause. The TTL is of interest not only because of being the interface between two very different dynamical regimes but also because it acts as a gate to ... See full document

... numbers of missing values in the HALOE and SAGE datasets in the tropical stratosphere, the MLS dataset is analyzed, which spans a relatively short period of time ... See full document

... explain the long lifetime of this cloud: (1) the cooling caused by the midlatitude intrusion could result in the formation of small ice crystals with exceptionally low ... See full document

... composite of observed SST associated with canonical El Ni˜no conditions, for the period ...1979–2010. In experiment R3, the SST is as in R1, but the tropical Pa- cific SST ... See full document

... from the filtered tropical SST time ...over the five selected time periods. Note that there is also a strong drop in SSTs around 1992 in the model, which does not occur ... See full document

... those of hypothetical tracers with 15 day and 5 day lifetimes. The drop-off with altitude was captured, as were differences between individual ...concentration in the boundary layer, ... See full document

... to the gas phase; so bromine washout is controlled by the scavenging of night- time ...ues in the FT are ∼ 0.2 pptv within the tropics ...and in the range of ... See full document